Fecal content from ethanol burn mice is more inflammatory in nature compared to sham mice

In Argentina, Escherichia coli O157:H7/NM (STEC O157) is the prevalent serotype associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), which is endemic in the country with more than 400 cases per year. In order to estimate the prevalence and characteristics of STEC O157 in beef cattle at slaughter, a survey of 1,622 fecal and carcass samples was conducted in nine beef exporting abattoirs from November 2006 to April 2008. A total of 54 samples were found positive for STEC O157, with an average prevalence of 4.1% in fecal content and 2.6% in carcasses. Calves and heifers presented higher percentages of prevalence in feces, 10.5 and 8.5%, respectively. All STEC O157 isolates harbored stx2 (Shiga toxin 2), eae (intimin), ehxA (enterohemolysin), and fliCH7 (H7 flagellin) genes, while stx1 (Shiga toxin 1) was present in 16.7% of the strains. The prevalent (56%) stx genotype identified was stx2 combined with variant stx2c (vh-a), the combination of which is also prevalent (>90%) in STEC O157 post–enteric HUS cases in Argentina. The clonal relatedness of STEC O157 strains was established by phage typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The 54 STEC isolates were categorized into 12 different phage types and in 29 XbaI-PFGE patterns distributed in 27 different lots. STEC O157 strains isolated from 5 of 21 carcasses were identical by PFGE (100% similarity) to strains of the fecal content of the same or a contiguous bovine in the lot. Five phage type–PFGE–stx profiles of 10 strains isolated in this study matched with the profiles of the strains recovered from 18 of 122 HUS cases that occurred in the same period.

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Intestinal Protective Effects of Herbal-Based Formulations in Rats against Neomycin Insult

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/161278 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Shambhunath Bose ◽

Kyung-Wan Han ◽

Myeong-Jong Lee ◽

Hojun Kim

Keyword(s):

Combined Treatment ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Histological Changes ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Zonula Occludens ◽

Herbal Formulation ◽

Fecal Content ◽

Zonula Occludens 1 ◽

Serum Crp ◽

The Impact

Disturbance in the gut microbial niche by antibiotics like neomycin produces gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Here, we evaluated the impact of a mixture of extracts of three herbs (Atractylodis Rhizoma Macrocephalae, Massa Medicata Fermentata, and Dolichoris Semen) with known GI protective activities, either laboratory unfermented (herbal formulation-1 (HF-1)) or fermented/re-fermented (herbal formulation-2 (HF-2)) on neomycin-treated rats using a commercialLactobacillusprobiotic as a reference. Treatment with neomycin augmented stool water content, decreased fecal population ofLactobacillusspp., changed the histology of intestine without inducing inflammation, reduced the colonic expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and claudin-1, and elevated the serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels. Coadministration of either HF-2 or probiotic, but not HF-1, restored the fecal content ofLactobacillusspp., normalized the serum CRP level, and significantly increased the colonic expression of ZO-1 and claudin-1 in neomycin-treated rats. The combined treatment with any of the above agents ameliorated the histological changes of cecum and colon in neomycin-treated rats, and the magnitude of this effect was probiotic > HF-2 > HF-1. Our study revealed the intestinal protective effect of a mixture of three herbs against neomycin insult, which is mediated through multiple mechanisms and is potentiated upon prior fermentation/refermentation of the herbs.

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HIRSCHSPRUNG’S DISEASE: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Amadeus International Multidisciplinary Journal ◽

10.14295/aimj.v3i6.64 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 14-25

Author(s):

Camyla Lemos Budib ◽

Jean Carlos Fontana ◽

Hígor Guimarães Gomes ◽

Rubens Moura Campos Zeron ◽

Victor Campos de Albuquerque ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Congenital Malformation ◽

Hirschsprung's Disease ◽

Hirschsprung’S Disease ◽

Motor Coordination ◽

Ganglion Cells ◽

Distal Intestine ◽

Keywords Hirschsprung's Disease ◽

Fecal Content

Abstract: The Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a congenital malformation, which creates a defect in the ganglion cells migration to the distal intestine. This situation will cause a problem in the motor coordination generating a functional obstruction and retention of fecal content. The diagnosis of this disease is histological, and the treatment is the surgery. Keywords: Hirschsprung's disease, congenital, obstruction.

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HUBUNGAN KONSTRUKSI SUMUR DAN PERILAKU PENGGUNA TERHADAP FECAL COLIFORM (STUDI KASUS PADUKUHAN JARAN, DESA PANGUNGHARJO, SEWON, BANTUL )

JURNAL KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT ◽

10.47317/jkm.v11i1.65 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Eva Runi Khristiani

Keyword(s):

Fecal Coliform ◽

P Value ◽

Significant Relation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Is Research ◽

Water Wells ◽

Water Well ◽

Fecal Content ◽

And Behavior ◽

Transmission Of Disease

ABSTRACTWater is a source of life , as media in addition to the transmission of disease .Infectious disease covering: typhoid epidemics , cholera , diarrhea and hepatitis .The existence of bacteria in the water caused by several factors includes: construction wells and behavior .This research aims to explain several factors that deals with water quality bakteriologis a well in the heartland , assessing constructed wells the influence of the most influential against fecal coliform content water wells dug , influence behaviorassessing the wearer of a well in practice against the content of fecal coliform water wells dug and give advice / input the environmental management in development physical building a well and knowingsource pollution dominan.jenis research that is done is research observation with the design of cross sectional. This research using purposive , proportional , and random sampling ( multistate ), links between construction well dig and behavior in discharging well dig in the form of action with fecal coliform .The research results show that the correlation between construction well dig with fecal coliform p value = 0,000 this showed that the physical condition of well have leverage a significant impact on fecal content coliform in water well dig , while the correlation between behavior by fecal coliform indicated a significant relation ( p value = 0,011 )

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First Detection and Clinical Presentation of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (Pedv) in Serbia

Acta veterinaria ◽

10.1515/acve-2017-0031 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 383-396 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jasna Prodanov-Radulović ◽

Tamaš Petrović ◽

Diana Lupulović ◽

Doroteja Marčić ◽

Jelena Petrović ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Signs ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Watery Diarrhea ◽

Weaned Piglets ◽

Diarrhea Virus ◽

Severe Diarrhea ◽

Group A ◽

Suckling Piglets ◽

Fecal Content ◽

Vojvodina Province

AbstractDuring 2015/2016, fecal and intestinal samples from live diseased and/or dead pigs with suspected PEDV and/or TGEV and signs of rotavirus infection were collected from in total seven different farrow-to-finish swine farms located in Northern Serbia region (Vojvodina Province). A total of 14 samples (2 pools per farm) of small intestine with fecal content were submitted to laboratory molecular investigation (multiplex RTPCR). On these farms the clinical signs included the occurrence of diarrhea in suckling and weaned piglets, with weak or no response to the applied antimicrobial therapy. The epidemic of severe diarrhea affecting pigs of all ages on one farrow-to finish swine farm was detected in January 2016. Watery diarrhea in all swine categories was associated with vomiting and a reduction in feed consumption. Diarrheic, gaunt and dehydrated piglets, covered with feces were found in 90% litters. The disease affected most severely the suckling piglets, and the mortality in newborn piglets was up to 35%. In the weaned piglets and fatteners the mortality was up to 2.5% and 1.2%, respectively. The PEDV RNA was detected in pooled feces and samples of small intestines derived from diseased and dead suckling piglets from only one investigated farm. The PEDV positive samples showed to be negative for rotavirus group A and TGEV. The transport vehicles were identified as the main possible route of PEDV introduction. This is the first report demonstrating the presence of PEDV in Serbia.

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Detection of KPC, NDM and VIM-Producing Organisms Directly from Rectal Swabs by a Multiplex Lateral Flow Immunoassay

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9050942 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 942

Author(s):

Alexandra Vasilakopoulou ◽

Polyxeni Karakosta ◽

Sophia Vourli ◽

Eleni Kalogeropoulou ◽

Spyros Pournaras

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Treatment ◽

Immunochromatographic Assay ◽

Lateral Flow Immunoassay ◽

Preliminary Evaluation ◽

Reliable Test ◽

Time Points ◽

Conventional Culture ◽

Direct Testing ◽

Rectal Swabs ◽

Fecal Content

We report a preliminary evaluation of the NG-Test CARBA 5 immunochromatographic assay for detecting carbapenemases directly from rectal swabs on the same day of sampling. Thirty fecal swabs were examined for carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPOs) by conventional culture, PCR, and NG-Test CARBA 5. Each sample was tested by the immunochromatographic assay five times, including direct testing and incubation in trypticase soy broth for 1, 2, 3, and 4 h. Twenty patients yielded CPOs by culture. Immunochromatographic and PCR results were concordant and detected the same 25 carbapenemases (11 KPC, 8 VIM, and 6 NDM). In five cases, we detected co-carriage of KPC and VIM. Compared with PCR, the sensitivity of NG-Test CARBA 5 for the detection of KPC, VIM, and NDM was 80% without incubation, 88% with one hour, 92% with two, and 100% with three hours incubation, while specificity was 100% for all time points. All samples containing adequate fecal content were detected by NG-Test CARBA 5 concordantly with PCR, without incubation. NG-Test CARBA 5 is a reliable test that rapidly detects the presence of carbapenemases at the same day of sampling, directly from rectal swabs. It thus provides early information to guide antimicrobial treatment and infection control interventions.

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Relationship between Fecal Content of Fatty Acids and Cyclooxygenase mRNA Expression and Fatty Acid Composition in Duodenal Biopsies, Serum Lipoproteins, and Dietary Fat in Colectomized Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Patients

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2010/862569 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Almendingen ◽

A. T. Høstmark ◽

L. N. Larsen ◽

O. Fausa ◽

J. Bratlie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Oleic Acid ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Total Serum ◽

Adenomatous Polyposis ◽

Serum Lipoproteins ◽

Fecal Content ◽

Duodenal Biopsies

A few familial adenomatous polyposis studies have focused upon faecal sterols and bile acids but none has analysed the fecal content of fatty acids. We report here findings of an observational study on 29 colectomized familial adenomatous polyposis patients that describe the fecal content of fatty acids, and relate this to the proportions of fatty acids and levels of cyclooxygenase mRNA expression in duodenal biopsies, levels of serum lipoproteins, and diet. In the ileostomy group separately (n=12), the fecal content of arachidonic acid was correlated negatively to the proportions of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in duodenal biopsies. Total serum-cholesterol was negatively correlated to the fecal content of saturates and monounsaturates. The fecal palmitoleic acid/palmitic acid ratio was positively correlated to the levels of cyclooxygease-2 expression in duodenal biopsies.In the ileal-pouch-anal anastomosis group separately (n=17), significant correlations were found between the fecal contents of oleic acid, linoleic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid, and the proportions of myristic acid, oleic acid and eicosaenoic acid in duodenal biopsies. Dietary monounsaturates were positively correlated to different fecal fatty acids. Future studies should focus on molecular mechanisms relevant to fatty acid metabolism, inflammation, and angiogenesis, in addition to nutrition.

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Fructo-oligosaccharide effects on blood glucose: an overview

Acta Cirurgica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-86502012000300013 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 279-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Graciana Teixeira Costa ◽

Sergio Botelho Guimarães ◽

Helena Alves de Carvalho Sampaio

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Current Status ◽

Intestinal Transit Time ◽

Diabetes Type Ii ◽

Fecal Content ◽

High Doses ◽

Number Of Individuals

PURPOSE: To identify the current status of scientific knowledge in fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), non-conventional sugars that play an important role in glycemia control. METHODS: We performed a search for scientific articles in MEDLINE and LILACS databases, from January 1962 to December 2011, using English/Portuguese key words: "blood glucose/glicemia", "prebiotics/prebióticos" and "dietary fiber/fibras na dieta". From an initial number of 434 references, some repeated, 43 references published from 1962 to 2011 were included in this study. The selected texts were distributed in three topics: (1) metabolism of FOS, (2) FOS and experimental studies involving glucose and (3) human studies involving glucose and FOS. RESULTS: Five studies have shown that the use of FOS reduces the fecal content and increases intestinal transit time. Experimental studies have shown that dietary supplementation with high doses (60 g/Kg) of propionate, a short-chain fatty acid decreased glycemia. The use of lower doses (3 g/kg) did not produce the same results. Study in subjects with diabetes type II showed that the addition of 8 grams of FOS in the diet for 14 days, caused a reduction in serum glucose. In another study with healthy subjects, there were no changes in glycemic control. CONCLUSIONS: This review demonstrates that consumption of FOS has a beneficial influence on glucose metabolism. The controversies appear to be due to inadequate methodological designs and/or the small number of individuals included in some studies.

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The Role of Toll-Like Receptor-2 in Clostridioides difficile Infection: Evidence From a Mouse Model and Clinical Patients

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.691039 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Yi-Hsin Lai ◽

Bo-Yang Tsai ◽

Chih-Yu Hsu ◽

Yi-Hsuan Chen ◽

Po-Han Chou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mouse Model ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Pathogenic Role ◽

Clostridioides Difficile ◽

Clostridioides Difficile Infection ◽

Fecal Content ◽

Medical Wards ◽

The Relationship

BackgroundClostridioides difficile is the leading cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the major components of innate immunity that sense pathogens. The relationship between TLRs and C. difficile infection (CDI) was analyzed in clinical patients and a mouse model.Materials and MethodsA prospective investigation was conducted in medical wards of Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan, from January 2011 to January 2013. Adult patients were followed up for the development of CDI. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TLR2 and TLR4 were analyzed to assess the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and the development of CDI. A mouse model of CDI was used to investigate the pathogenic role of TLRs in CDI, TLR2 and TLR4 knockout (Tlr2-/- and Tlr4-/-) mice.ResultsIn the prospective study, 556 patients were enrolled, and 6.5% (36) of patients, accounting for 3.59 episodes per 1000 patient-days, developed CDI. Of 539 patients with available blood samples, the TLR2 rs3804099 polymorphism was more often noted in those with CDI than in those without CDI (64.5% vs. 46.1%; P = 0.046) but was not significant in multivariate analysis. Because the TLR2 rs3804099 polymorphism was moderately associated with CDI, the role of TLR2 and TLR4 was further evaluated in a mouse model. Both Tlr2-/- and Tlr4-/- mice showed more severe CDI disease than wild-type mice in terms of body weight change and fecal content five days after oral challenge with C. difficile. Furthermore, Tlr2-/- mice suffered from more severe disease than Tlr4-/- mice, as evidenced by stool consistency, cecum weight, and survival rate.ConclusionThe TLR2 rs3804099 polymorphism is marginally associated with the development of CDI, and the pathogenic role of TLR2 is further supported by a mouse model.

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COLON TARGETING APPROACHES: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE

INDIAN DRUGS ◽

10.53879/id.49.03.p0005 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 49 (03) ◽

pp. 5-17

Author(s):

S Bisht ◽

H Bajaj ◽

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Targeted Drug Delivery ◽

Proximal Colon ◽

Local Drug Delivery ◽

Gi Tract ◽

Systemic Delivery ◽

Colon Targeting ◽

Release System ◽

System Pressure ◽

Fecal Content

The colon specific drug delivery system is gaining importance not only for local drug delivery of drugs but also for the systemic delivery of protein & peptide drugs. Colon was considered as black-box as most of the drugs are absorbed from upper part of the GI tract. Colon targeting was aimed mainly because of less enzymatic activity and longer transit time. It also has drawbacks like less water content and presence of fecal content. To achieve successful colon targeted drug delivery, a drug needs to be protected from degradation, release and absorption in the upper portion of the GI tract and then to be ensured controlled release in the proximal colon. The various approaches that can be exploited to target the release of drug to the colon including formulation approaches through pH sensitive system are microbial triggered systems i.e., prodrugs and polysaccharide based system, timed release system, osmotically controlled drug system, pressure dependent release system, programmed pulsatile release system and others.

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