Evaluation of salt-tolerant genotypes of durum wheat derived from in vitro and field experiments

Field experiments, comparing the performance of a tissue-culture-derived salt-tolerant selection (STS) of McGregor flax (Linum usitatissimum) with the cultivars McGregor, Linott, Noralta, NorLin and NorMan, were sown at three nonsaline locations in Saskatchewan in 1984 and 1985. The salient feature of this experiment was the dissimilarity of STS to its parent, McGregor. STS yielded less, was earlier to bolt, flower and mature, and had larger seeds with a lower oil content than McGregor. The yield of STS was similar to other early-maturing cultivars under test.Key words: Linum usitatissimum, somaclonal variation, seed yield

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Characterization of the Reproductive Mode in Guayule In Vitro

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.483a ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 483a-483

Author(s):

Roy N. Keys ◽

Dennis T. Ray ◽

David A. Dierig

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Reproductive Mode ◽

Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

Initial Field ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Reproductive Modes ◽

Desert Southwest ◽

2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray, Asteraceae) is a latex-producing perennial desert shrub that is potentially of economic importance as an industrial crop for the desert Southwest. It is known to possess complex reproductive modes. Diploids are predominantly sexual and self-incompatible, while polyploids show a range of apomictic potential and self-compatibility. This paper describes the development of a relatively rapid and simple technique for characterizing reproductive modes of breeding lines of P. argentatum. Initial field experiments were based on an auxin test used successfully to characterize reproductive mode in the Poaceae. The application of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid inhibited embryo formation in P. argentatum, but this was not the case with other auxins tested. Results of field experiments were ambiguous because: 1) the floral structure of P. argentatum is such that auxins might not have penetrated to the ovules, and 2) there was potential self-fertilization by pollen released within isolation bags. Therefore, in vitro culture of flower heads was tested because it provided much better control of environmental conditions, growth regulator application, and pollen release. Auxin alone, or in combination with gibberellic acid or kinetin, inhibited parthenogenesis in vitro. Embryo production did not vary using two substantially different nutrient media. In vitro flower head culture using a (Nitsch and Nitsch) liquid nutrient medium without growth regulators, enabled characterization of the reproductive mode of seven breeding lines, ranging from predominantly sexual to predominantly apomictic. The results of this technique were substantiated using RAPD analyzes of progeny arrays from controlled crosses.

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Characterization of Plant Growth-Promoting Traits and Inoculation Effects on Triticum durum of Actinomycetes Isolates under Salt Stress Conditions

Soil Systems ◽

10.3390/soilsystems5020026 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 26

Author(s):

Rihab Djebaili ◽

Marika Pellegrini ◽

Massimiliano Rossi ◽

Cinzia Forni ◽

Maria Smati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Indole Acetic Acid ◽

Greenhouse Experiment ◽

Hydrocyanic Acid ◽

In Vitro Assays

This study aimed to characterize the halotolerant capability, in vitro, of selected actinomycetes strains and to evaluate their competence in promoting halo stress tolerance in durum wheat in a greenhouse experiment. Fourteen isolates were tested for phosphate solubilization, indole acetic acid, hydrocyanic acid, and ammonia production under different salt concentrations (i.e., 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, and 1.5 M NaCl). The presence of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity was also investigated. Salinity tolerance was evaluated in durum wheat through plant growth and development parameters: shoot and root length, dry and ash-free dry weight, and the total chlorophyll content, as well as proline accumulation. In vitro assays have shown that the strains can solubilize inorganic phosphate and produce indole acetic acid, hydrocyanic acid, and ammonia under different salt concentrations. Most of the strains (86%) had 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity, with significant amounts of α-ketobutyric acid. In the greenhouse experiment, inoculation with actinomycetes strains improved the morpho-biochemical parameters of durum wheat plants, which also recorded significantly higher content of chlorophylls and proline than those uninoculated, both under normal and stressed conditions. Our results suggest that inoculation of halotolerant actinomycetes can mitigate the negative effects of salt stress and allow normal growth and development of durum wheat plants.

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Alternative Control of Phragmidium rubi-idaei Infecting Two Rubus Species

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10071452 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1452

Author(s):

Raluca-Maria Pârlici ◽

Aurel Maxim ◽

Stefania Mirela Mang ◽

Ippolito Camele ◽

Lucia Mihalescu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Farming ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Control Sample ◽

Field Tests ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Rust Disease ◽

Conidia Germination ◽

The Impact

Organic berry plantations have been gaining popularity among farmers during recent years. Even so, farmers experience serious challenges in disease control management, which is a concern in organic farming. Phragmidiumrubi-idaei (DC) P. Karst is the pathogen responsible for blackberry and raspberry rust disease, one of the most present and active diseases in plantations. The antifungal certified products found on the organic farming market offer the opportunity for an efficient control strategy over plant pathogens in fruit shrub plantations. In this study, 5 natural based products—namely Altosan, Mimox, Canelys, Zitron, and Zeolite—were tested for their fungistatic effect over P. rubi-idaei. The experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions, performing observations over the impact of organic products, used at different concentration levels, on rust conidia germination. Moreover, field experiments were conducted in order to evaluate the efficiency of different treatments for rust control on raspberry (‘Polka’, ‘Veten’ and ‘Heritage’) and blackberry (‘Thorn Free’, ‘Chester’ and ‘Loch Ness’) varieties. Data analysis based on ANOVA tests showed significant differences between the tested variants and the control sample at p < 0.001. Furthermore, LSD test confirmed differences between all substances tested (p < 0.005). The natural products Canelys (formulated with cinnamon) and Zytron (based on citrus extract) have proven the highest inhibitory capacity for conidia germination during in vitro tests registering values of 80.42% and 78.34%, respectively. The same high inhibitory rates against rust pathogen were kept also in the field tests using the same two natural-based products mentioned earlier. In addition, outcomes from this study demonstrated that Zeolite is not recommended for raspberry or blackberry rust control.

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Faba bean meal, starch or protein fortification of durum wheat pasta differentially influence noodle composition, starch structure and in vitro digestibility

Food Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129167 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 349 ◽

pp. 129167

Author(s):

Manu P. Gangola ◽

Bharathi Raja Ramadoss ◽

Sarita Jaiswal ◽

Catharine Chan ◽

Rebecca Mollard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Faba Bean ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Starch Structure ◽

Bean Meal

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Synergistic Effect of Combined Application of a New Fungicide Fluopimomide with a Biocontrol Agent Bacillus methylotrophicus TA-1 for Management of Gray Mold in Tomato

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-01-19-0143-re ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 103 (8) ◽

pp. 1991-1997 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Xiaoxue Ji ◽

Jingjing Li ◽

Zhen Meng ◽

Shouan Zhang ◽

Bei Dong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Biocontrol Agent ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Combined Treatment ◽

Field Trials ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gray Mold ◽

Control Efficacy ◽

Bacillus Methylotrophicus

Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea can be a severe disease of tomato infecting leaves and fruits of tomato plants. Chemical control is currently the most effective and reliable method; however, application of fungicides has many drawbacks. The combination of biological control agents with newly developed fungicides may be a practicable method to control B. cinerea. Fluopimomide is a newly developed fungicide with a novel mode of action. Bacillus methylotrophicus TA-1, isolated from rhizosphere soil of tomato, is a bacterial strain with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities. Little information is currently available about the effect of fluopimomide and its integrated effect on B. cinerea. Therefore, laboratory, pot, and field experiments were carried out to determine the effects of fluopimomide alone and in combination with B. methylotrophicus TA-1 against gray mold on tomato. The in vitro growth of B. methylotrophicus TA-1 was unaffected by 100 mg liter−1 fluopimomide. Inhibition of B. cinerea mycelial growth was significantly increased under combined treatment of fluopimomide and B. methylotrophicus TA-1. In greenhouse experiments, efficacy against gray mold was significantly greater by an integration of fluopimomide and B. methylotrophicus TA-1 than by either alone; control efficacy of fluopimomide at 50 and 100 g ha−1 in combination with B. methylotrophicus TA-1 at 108 colony-forming units (cfu) ml−1 reached 70.16 and 69.32%, respectively, compared with the untreated control. In both field trials during 2017 and 2018, control efficacy was significantly higher for the combination of fluopimomide at 50 and 100 g ha−1 in combination with B. methylotrophicus TA-1 than for either treatment alone. The results from this study indicated that integration of the new fungicide fluopimomide with the biocontrol agent B. methylotrophicus TA-1 synergistically increased control efficacy of the fungicide against gray mold of tomato.

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Isolation and Characterization of Salt Tolerant Endophytic and Rhizospheric Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) Associated with the Halophyte Plant (Sesuvium Verrucosum) Grown in KSA

International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology ◽

10.3126/ijasbt.v3i3.13440 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 552-560 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Mohamed A.M. El-Awady ◽

Mohamed M. Hassan ◽

Yassin M. Al-Sodany

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Growth Promotion ◽

Exponential Growth Phase ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Isolation And Characterization ◽

Growth Promoting

This study was designed to isolate and characterize endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria associated with the halophyte plant Sesuvium verrucosum, grown under extreme salinity soil in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The plant growth promotion activities of isolated bacterial were evaluated in vitro. A total of 19 salt tolerant endophytic and rhizospheric bacterial isolates were obtained and grouped into six according to genetic similarity based on RAPD data. These six isolates were identified by amplification and partial sequences of 16S rDNA as Enterobacter cancerogenus,Vibrio cholerae, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and two Enterobacter sp. Isolates were then grown until exponential growth phase to evaluate the atmospheric nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and production of phytohormones such as indole-3-acetic acid, as well as 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity. While, All of the six strains were negative for ACC deaminaseactivity, two isolates showed Nitrogen fixation activity, three isolates produce the plant hormone (Indole acetic acid) and two isolates have the activity of solubiliztion of organic phosphate. Among the six isolates, the isolate (R3) from the soil around the roots is able to perform the three previous growth promoting possibilities together and it is ideal for use in promoting the growth of plants under the high salinity conditions. This isolate is candidate to prepare a friendly biofertelizer that can be used for the improvement of the crops performance under salinity conditions.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(3): 552-560

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Impact of the biofungicide tetramycin on the development of Fusarium head blight, grain yield and deoxynivalenol accumulation in wheat

World Mycotoxin Journal ◽

10.3920/wmj2019.2494 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 235-246

Author(s):

W.Q. Shi ◽

L.B. Xiang ◽

D.Z. Yu ◽

S.J. Gong ◽

L.J. Yang

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Fusarium Graminearum ◽

Spore Germination ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Field Trials ◽

Head Blight ◽

Mycelium Growth ◽

Key Aspects

Fusarium graminearum causes Fusarium head blight (FHB), a devastating disease that leads to extensive yield and quality loss in wheat and barley production. Integrated pest management (IPM) is required to control this disease and biofungicides, such as tetramycin, could be a novel addition to IPM strategies. The current study investigated in vitro tetramycin toxicity in Fusarium graminearum and evaluated its effectiveness for the control of Fusarium head blight FHB. Tetramycin was shown to affect three key aspects of Fusarium pathogenicity: spore germination, mycelium growth and deoxynivalenol (DON) production. The in vitro results indicated that tetramycin had strong inhibitory activity on the mycelial growth and spore germination. Field trials indicated that tetramycin treatment resulted in a significant reduction in both the FHB disease index and the level of DON accumulation. The reduced DON content in harvested grain was correlated with the amount of Tri5 mRNA determined by qRT-PCR. Synergistic effects between tetramycin and metconazole, in both the in vitro and field experiments were found. Tetramycin could provide an alternative option to control FHB.

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Corrigendum to

Food Hydrocolloids ◽

10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.02.025 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 83 ◽

pp. 511 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Peng Guo ◽

Jinglin Yu ◽

Shujun Wang ◽

Shuo Wang ◽

Les Copeland

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Water Content ◽

Starch Digestibility ◽

In Vitro Starch Digestibility ◽

Wheat Grains

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Pathogenicity of Fusarium species associated with crown and root rot of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under different condition

Innovaciencia Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales ◽

10.15649/2346075x.659 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Bareen Sidqi Shareef Al-Tovi ◽

Raed Abduljabbar Haleem

Keyword(s):

Disease Severity ◽

Root Rot ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Test Tube ◽

Spore Suspension ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Pathogenicity Test ◽

Crown And Root Rot

This study was conducted to test the pathogenicity of Fusarium species, the causes of crown and root rot disease of wheat crop, under three different conditions (Laboratory, Greenhouse and Field) and to show the best method for pathogenicity among different conditions. Pathogenicity test of six isolates of Fusarium species (F. graminearum, F. oxysporum, F. avenaceum, F. nivale, F. solani and F. udum) was tested on durum (Simeto) cultivar of wheat by test tube method in the laboratory, the tested fungi had substantial effect on seed germination. F. oxysporum showed the highest germination failure (44.44%) which significantly differed with other species. In the greenhouse, seedlings were inoculated by spore suspension at the base of each plant stem. The most virulent fungus after 35 days of inoculation was F. oxysporum (0.78) followed by F. solani (0.70) and F. graminearum (0.66), while the lowest disease severity was recorded by F. udum (0.16). Also in the field pathogenicity experiments of three Fusarium species (F. graminearum, F. oxysporum and F. solani) were performed on a durum (Simeto) and soft (Cham6) cultivars. Spore suspension was applied at the 2- to 3-leaf Zadoks’s growth stage. Disease severity was calculated at two stages of wheat growth (Booting and Ripening).The most virulent fungus was F. graminearum (0.42) that was significantly different from other fungi. This work indicated that F. graminearum, F. oxysporum and F. solani showed higher infection than remaining tested species under threeconditions. Pathogenicity test in laboratory by test tube method (In-vitro) appeared more effective than greenhouse and field experiments

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