The combination of low salinity and low temperature can limit the colonisation success of the non-native bivalve Rangia cuneata in brackish Baltic waters

2020 ◽  
Vol 524 ◽  
pp. 151228
Author(s):  
Julia Tuszer-Kunc ◽  
Monika Normant-Saremba ◽  
Agata Rychter
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Rangia Cuneata

scholarly journals Low pH Enhances the Glucosinolate-Mediated Yellowing of Takuan-zuke under Low Salt Conditions

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1524
Author(s):  
Taito Kobayashi ◽  
Kei Kumakura ◽  
Asaka Takahashi ◽  
Hiroki Matsuoka
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Radish Root ◽  
Low Salt ◽  
Related Compounds ◽  
Citrate Phosphate

This study was performed to clarify the enhancement of the 4-methylthio-3-butenyl isothiocyanate induced yellowing of salted radish root (takuan-zuke) by low pH during short-term salt-aging at low temperature and low salinity. We used two different methods to prepare the dehydrated daikon prior to salt-aging: air-drying outdoors (hoshi takuan-zuke) or salting with a stone press (shio-oshi takuan-zuke). Low salt-aging at low temperature was carried out under pH control with citrate-phosphate buffer. The yellowing of both types of takuan-zuke was accelerated below pH 5, and the color of air-dried takuan-zuke was deeper than that of salt-pressed takuan-zuke. To elucidate this phenomenon, several previously reported yellowing-related compounds were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The result showed that the production of the primary pigment, 2-[3-(2-thioxopyrrolidin-3-ylidene)methyl]-tryptophan, was low compared with that in previous reports. Therefore, we suggest that an unknown pigment was generated through a previously unreported pathway.

Overwintering of sea trout (Salmo trutta) in freshwater: escaping salt and low temperature or an alternate life strategy?

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 793-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis S Thomsen ◽  
Anders Koed ◽  
Christian Nielsen ◽  
Steffen S Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Life Strategy ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Sea Trout ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Coastal Sea ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

Brown trout (Salmo trutta) show large phenotypic plasticity. Juveniles may reside in their native freshwater habitat until maturation or migrate into the ocean as 1- to 3-year-old smolts. Sea-going fish (sea trout) reside at sea for 2–3 years until migrating back to their native stream for reproduction. However, immature fish may leave the ocean during their first or second winter at sea and overwinter in freshwater. The question is why does this occur? We tested the hypothesis that hypo-osmoregulatory capacity is compromised by low temperature in two coastal sea trout populations, one representing high salinity and the other, low salinity. Immature sea-run trout were caught in lower parts of two rivers during winter and acclimated to laboratory conditions. Subgroups were challenged with high salinity or low water temperature or both, and their osmoregulatory performance was investigated. Low temperature compromised the hypo-osmoregulatory ability, as indicated by insufficient compensatory adjustments of ion-transport mechanisms. Tagging experiments revealed that descent of overwintering fish into the ocean occurred over a narrow time period coincident with increasing water temperature. We conclude that overwintering in freshwater is partly driven by compromised osmoregulatory physiology, but because not all fish in a population do so, the phenomenon may also reflect diverging life strategies.

Effects of Low Salinity and Low Temperature on Survival, Growth, and Energy Budget of JuvenileExopalaemon carinicauda

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1035-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Xingqiang ◽  
Kappalli Sudha ◽  
Mei Cao ◽  
Shen Ma
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Energy Budget ◽  
Low Salinity

scholarly journals Quantifying the influence of salinity and temperature on the population dynamics of a marine ectoparasite

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1281-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya L. Groner ◽  
Gregor F. McEwan ◽  
Erin E. Rees ◽  
George Gettinby ◽  
Crawford W. Revie
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Sea Lice ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Linear Effects ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Substantial Morbidity

Sea lice are common ectoparasites of farmed and wild salmonids and can cause substantial morbidity and mortality in their hosts. While sea lice infections are common in estuarine areas with variable salinity, the effects of salinity on population dynamics are poorly understood. We used existing literature to parameterize salinity-dependent logistic mortality curves for different life stages of sea lice. We then used population matrix models to characterize the effects of temperature and salinity on sea louse population growth. Our models showed that low salinity decreases survival, while low temperature retards sea louse development. In contrast with the linear effects of temperature on sea louse development, salinity has a nonlinear effect on sea louse survival; values below 20 psu cause mortality, while values above 20 psu have little effect on survival. Simulations showed that sea louse population growth can be greatest in zones that are intermediate between estuarine and oceanic. In these cases population growth is not limited by the low salinities found in more estuarine sites or the low temperatures found in more oceanic sites.

Fluids and hydrothermal alteration assemblages in a Devonian gold-bearing hot-spring system, Rhynie, Scotland

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Baron ◽  
S. Hillier ◽  
C. M. Rice ◽  
K. Czapnik ◽  
J. Parnell
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Fault Zone ◽  
Hydrothermal Alteration ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Major Fault ◽  
Spring System ◽  
Gold Bearing

ABSTRACTHydrothermal alteration at Rhynie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, is concentrated along a fault zone, which juxtaposes surface deposits and the mineralised feeder zone to the Rhynie hotspring system. Mineralisation consists of breccias and veins filled with quartz, chert, calcite, K-feldspar and pyrite. Associated pervasive alteration comprises a high-temperature K-feldsparquartz-illite facies (formed at 250–350°C), a medium-temperature mixed layered illite/smectitequartz-K-feldspar-chlorite-calcite facies (formed at 150–200°C) and a low-temperature mixed layered illite/smectite-chlorite-calcite facies (formed at 100 to +150°C). The fluids responsible for mineralisation were mainly moderate- to high-temperature (Th =91–360°C), low-salinity (<0·2 to 2·9 wt.% NaCl eq.) H2O-NaCl-heated meteoric fluids comparable to modern and ancient hot-spring systems. The migration of these fluids was mainly restricted to a major fault zone bounding the Devonian basin. Fluids responsible for mineralisation, alteration and cementation elsewhere in the basin were low-temperature (Th 57 to 161°C), low- to high-salinity (<0·2 to 18 wt.% NaCl eq.) H2O-NaCl fluids, which resemble basinal brines.

scholarly journals Re-Os dating, and Pb-H-O isotope characteristics, of the Abra Cu-Ag-Pb-Au polymetallic deposit in Western Australia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaozhuang Xi ◽  
Minghong Zheng ◽  
Ling He ◽  
Haodong Xia
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Polymetallic Deposit ◽  
Metallogenic Belt ◽  
Copper Gold ◽  
Value Range ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractThe Abra deposit, a large lead-silver-copper–gold polymetallic deposit in Western Australia, is located at the eastern of the metallogenic belt of the Jillawarra basin in the Bangemall basin. The 4th to the 6th rock section of the Irrigully Group of Edmund Series are the principal ore-host strata, composed mainly of sandstone and fine sandstone. The orebody in Abra can be classified into two types as upper layer-like lead-silver and lower veins or netvein copper–gold. The metal minerals are mainly galena, chalcopyrite, and pyrite, while the gangue minerals are mainly quartz, dolomite, and barite. Both Re-Os isotopic age of the pyrite (1329.5 ± 98 Ma) with the initial (187Os/188Os) = 5.0 ± 3.8 and Pb isotopic compositions (206Pb/204Pb = 15.914–15.967, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.425–15.454, 208Pb/204Pb = 35.584–35.667) suggests that the metal minerals were sourced from the wall-rocks. δDV-SMOW values of quartz range from -35‰ to -17‰ whereas δ18OV-SMOW value range from 12‰ to 16‰ which indicates that the ore-forming fluids of Abra were medium–low temperature and medium–low salinity, and were mainly metamorphic water and secondary atmospheric precipitation. When the medium–low temperature ore-forming fluids are mixed with oxidizing reducing fluids carrying a large number of metal substances, a large number of ore-forming substances will be precipitated when the physical and chemical conditions change, thus it can be considered that the Abra deposit is a medium–low temperature hydrothermal polymetallic deposit.

scholarly journals Geology and characteristics of Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag skarn deposit at Ruwai, Lamandau Regency, Central Kalimantan

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arifudin Idrus ◽  
Lucas Donny Setijadji ◽  
Fenny Tamba ◽  
Ferian Anggara
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Hydrothermal Fluid ◽  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Thrust Fault ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Skarn Deposit ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Ore Mineralization

This study is dealing with geology and characteristics of mineralogy, geochemistry and physicochemical conditions of hydrothermal fluid responsible for the formation of skarn Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag deposit at Ruwai, Lamandau Regency, Central Kalimantan. The formation of Ruwai skarn is genetically associated with calcareous rocks consisting of limestone and siltstone (derived from marl?) and controlled by NNE-SSW-trending strike slip faults and localized along N 70° E-trending thrust fault, which also acts as contact zone between sedimentary and volcanic rocks in the area. Ruwai skarn is mineralogically characterized by prograde alteration (garnet and clino-pyroxene) and retrograde alteration (epidote, chlorite, calcite and sericite). Ore mineralization is characterized by sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite and Ag-sulphides (particularly acanthite and argentite), which formed at early retrograde stage. Geochemically, SiO2 is enriched and CaO is depleted in limestone, consistent with silicic alteration (quartz and calc-silicate) and decarbonatization of the wallrock. The measured reserves of the deposit are 2,297,185 tonnes at average grades of 14.98 % Zn, 6.44 % Pb, 2.49 % Cu and 370.87 g/t Ag. Ruwai skarn orebody originated at moderate temperature of 250-266 °C and low salinity of 0.3-0.5 wt.% NaCl eq. The late retrograde stage formed at low temperature of 190-220 °C and low salinity of ~0.35 wt.% NaCl eq., which was influenced by meteoric water incursion at the late stage of the Ruwai Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag skarn formation. Keywords: Geology, skarn, mineralogy, geochemistry, Ruwai, Central Kalimantan

scholarly journals SEBARAN SUHU DAN SALINITAS DI TELUK MANADO

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice NI Kalangi ◽  
Anselun Mandagi ◽  
Kawilarang WA Masengi ◽  
Alfret Luasunaung ◽  
Fransisco PT Pangalila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Salinity Distribution ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Water Column Stratification ◽  
North Sulawesi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan sebaran suhu dan salinitas di Teluk Manado, Sulawesi Utara. Pengukuran suhu dan salinitas secara vertikal dilakukan di delapan tempat di teluk. Profil vertikal suhu dan salinitas memperlihatkan keberadaan pelapisan kolom air. Secara horizontal, kontur suhu dan salinitas di permukaan memiliki dua “kolam” massa air, yakni kolam yang bersuhu tinggi tapi bersalinitas rendah di bagian timur teluk dan kolam yang bersuhu rendah tapi bersalinitas tinggi di bagian barat teluk. Pada lapisan dalam, kontur suhu dan salinitas cenderung sejajar dengan garis pantai bagian timur. Kata kunci: suhu, salinitas, air sungai, Teluk Manado.   The objective of this research is to describe temperature and salinity distribution in Manado Bay, North Sulawesi.  The vertical measurements of temperature and salinity were done at eight locations in the bay.  The vertical profiles of temperature and salinity shows the existence of water column stratification.  Horizontally, temperature and salinity contours of the surface layer have two pools, i.e. a pool of high temperature but low salinity in the eastern part of the bay and a pool of low temperature but high salinity in the western part of bay.  In a deeper layer, the contours of temperature and salinity tend to be parallel to eastern coastline. Keywords: temperature, salinity, river discharge, Manado Bay.

Surfactant-Aided Low-Salinity Waterflooding for Low-Temperature Carbonate Reservoirs

SPE Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Yue Shi ◽  
Chammi Miller ◽  
Kishore Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Anionic Surfactants ◽  
Surfactant Solution ◽  
Carbonate Reservoirs ◽  
Spontaneous Imbibition ◽  
Wettability Alteration ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Low Salinity Waterflooding ◽  
Original Oil In Place

Summary Carbonate reservoirs tend to be oil-wet/mixed-wet and heterogeneous because of mineralogy and diagenesis. The objective of this study is to improve oil recovery in low-temperature dolomite reservoirs using low-salinity and surfactant-aided spontaneous imbibition. The low-salinity brine composition was optimized using ζ-potential measurements, contact-angle (CA) experiments, and a novel wettability-alteration measure. Significant wettability alteration was observed on dolomite rocks at a salinity of 2,500 ppm. We evaluated 37 surfactants by performing CA, interfacial-tension (IFT), and spontaneous-imbibition experiments. Three (quaternary ammonium) cationic and one (sulfonate) anionic surfactants showed significant wettability alteration and produced 43–63% of original oil in place (OOIP) by spontaneous imbibition. At a low temperature (35°C), oil recovery by low-salinity effect is small compared with that by wettability-altering surfactants. Coreflood tests were performed with a selected low-salinity cationic surfactant solution. A novel coreflood was proposed that modeled heterogeneity and dynamic imbibition into low-permeability regions. The results of the “heterogeneous” coreflood were consistent with that of spontaneous-imbibition tests. These experiments demonstrated that a combination of low-salinity brine and surfactants can make originally oil-wet dolomite rocks more water-wet and improve oil recovery from regions bypassed by waterflood at a low temperature of 35°C.

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