Changes in the physicochemical composition of Auricularia auricula during growth stages and control of endogenous formaldehyde

AbstractRice with enhanced tolerance to herbicides that inhibit acetyl coA carboxylase (ACCase) allows POST application of quizalofop, an ACCase-inhibiting herbicide. Two concurrent field studies were conducted in 2017 and 2018 near Stoneville, MS, to evaluate control of grass (Grass Study) and broadleaf (Broadleaf Study) weeds with sequential applications of quizalofop alone and in mixtures with auxinic herbicides applied in the first or second application. Sequential treatments of quizalofop were applied at 119 g ai ha−1 alone and in mixtures with labeled rates of auxinic herbicides to rice at the two- to three-leaf (EPOST) or four-leaf to one-tiller (LPOST) growth stages. In the Grass Study, no differences in rice injury or control of volunteer rice (‘CL151’ and ‘Rex’) were detected 14 and 28 d after last application (DA-LPOST). Barnyardgrass control at 14 and 28 DA-LPOST with quizalofop applied alone or with auxinic herbicides EPOST was ≥93% for all auxinic herbicide treatments except penoxsulam plus triclopyr. Barnyardgrass control was ≥96% with quizalofop applied alone and with auxinic herbicides LPOST. In the Broadleaf Study, quizalofop plus florpyrauxifen-benzyl controlled more Palmer amaranth 14 DA-LPOST than other mixtures with auxinic herbicides, and control with this treatment was greater EPOST compared with LPOST. Hemp sesbania control 14 DA-LPOST was ≤90% with quizalofop plus quinclorac LPOST, orthosulfamuron plus quinclorac LPOST, and triclopyr EPOST or LPOST. All mixtures except quinclorac and orthosulfamuron plus quinclorac LPOST controlled ivyleaf morningglory ≥91% 14 DA-LPOST. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl or triclopyr were required for volunteer soybean control >63% 14 DA-LPOST. To optimize barnyardgrass control and rice yield, penoxsulam plus triclopyr and orthosulfamuron plus quinclorac should not be mixed with quizalofop. Quizalofop mixtures with auxinic herbicides are safe and effective for controlling barnyardgrass, volunteer rice, and broadleaf weeds in ACCase-resistant rice, and the choice of herbicide mixture could be adjusted based on weed spectrum in the treated field.

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Innovative Design of Intelligent Detection Equipment for Growth Information of Facilityhorticultural Crops

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE ◽

10.24297/jaa.v11i.8737 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 79-88

Author(s):

Yu Qiang Ruan ◽

Xiao Dong Zhang ◽

Hanping Mao ◽

Hong Yan Gao ◽

Xin Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Near Infrared ◽

Detection System ◽

Scientific Basis ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Environmental Information ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Information Monitoring ◽

Intelligent Detection ◽

And Control ◽

Sensor Detection

Intelligent equipment technology for facility horticulture is an urgent need for the development of modern facility agriculture.The intelligent monitoring equipment for greenhouse crop growth information can comprehensively monitor the nutrition, growth and environmental information of crops, and provide a scientific basis for the optimal regulation and control of water, fertilizer and environment in the greenhouse. It is a key equipment for the intelligentization of facility horticulture. This research aims at different growth stages In accordance with the testing needs of different plant-shaped crops and the operational needs of the unstructured environment in the greenhouse, we developed wheeled and tracked crop growth and environmental information monitoring systems that can autonomously cruise in the greenhouse;at the same time, in order to meet the detection needs of large-plant crops, a cantilever type crop information monitoring system has also been developed. This system suspends the multi-sensor detection system through the gimbal and installs it on the orbit track laid on the greenhouse truss. Because the detection position is high, it is realized the cruise monitor of greenhouse plants such as cucumber and tomato. In order to achieve comprehensive detection of crop growth information, a multi-sensor detection system for horticultural crop information has been developed. It uses visible-near-infrared binocular multi-spectral cameras, infrared detection sensors, laser ranging sensors, ambient temperature and humidity and light sensors. through the multiple sensor information fusion, implements the facilities horticulture crops nutrition, growth and the comprehensive monitoring of environmental information. Good application effect has been achieved.

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Water in maize whorl enhances the control of Spodoptera frugiperda with insecticides

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632020v5059517 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 ◽

Author(s):

Adriano Bialozor ◽

Clérison Régis Perini ◽

Jonas André Arnemann ◽

Henrique Pozebon ◽

Adriano Arrué Melo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Fall Armyworm ◽

Early Growth ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Bt Maize ◽

Maize Hybrids ◽

Cropping Seasons ◽

And Control

ABSTRACT The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda is among the main insect-pests on maize crops, due to its damaging potential and control issues related to the larval habit of concealing itself within the plant whorl. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of water in the maize whorl, combined with insecticides and spray sets, on the damage caused by S. frugiperda and the grain yield. The experiments were carried out under field conditions, at two cropping seasons, both with Bt-maize hybrids, in a 2 × 2 × 5 + 1 factorial scheme, testing the presence or absence of water inside the plant whorl, two insecticides and five spray sets (combinations of spray volumes, nozzle types, pressures and spraying speed), plus a control without water and insecticide. The presence of water inside the whorl reduced the damage caused by S. frugiperda during the early growth stages, especially in the plants sprayed with the insecticide chlorantraniliprole. The spray sets with 200 L ha1/20.3 psi or 250 L ha1/33.4 psi provided the highest reductions in the percentage of damaged plants and damage scores, regardless of the insecticide. Therefore, the spraying of insecticides, when there is water from irrigation, dew or rainfall inside the maize whorl, improves the control of S. frugiperda in maize crops, especially in Bt-maize.

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Herbicide Action on Purple and Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusandC. esculentus)

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00029201 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 92-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Welington Pereira ◽

Garvin Crabtree ◽

Ray D. William

Keyword(s):

Evaluation Criteria ◽

Cyperus Rotundus ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Yellow Nutsedge ◽

Tuber Production ◽

Research Problems ◽

Tuber Sprouting ◽

Sites Of Action ◽

Temporary Control ◽

And Control

Historically, many herbicides have been tested for control of purple and yellow nutsedge, (Cyperus rotundusL. # CYPRO and (C. esculentusL. # CYPES). However, most chemicals provide only poor or temporary control. Reasons for failure include marginal translocation of herbicides to sites of action, temporary inhibition of tuber sprouting, and control of new tuber formation or inconsistent control when applied at different stages of growth and under various environmental conditions. Evaluation criteria that emphasize control of new plants and foliage rather than inhibition of tuber sprouting or new tuber production also contribute to erratic results. Progress toward solving these research problems is evident in studies of the influence of herbicides relative to nutsedge growth stages, new tuber development, and tuber recovery following treatment. In this review, nutsedge response to herbicides grouped by their mode of action within plants will be summarized.

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Physicochemical and Nutritional Evaluation of Bread Incorporated with Ayocote Bean (Phaseolus coccineus) and Black Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9101782 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 1782

Author(s):

Rosa María Mariscal-Moreno ◽

Cristina Chuck-Hernández ◽

Juan de Dios Figueroa-Cárdenas ◽

Sergio O. Serna-Saldivar

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Protein Digestibility ◽

Phaseolus Coccineus ◽

Crude Fiber ◽

Black Bean ◽

Physicochemical Composition ◽

And Control ◽

Vitro Protein

The objective of this study was to examine the physicochemical composition, thermal properties, quality, and sensorial characteristics of bread with substitution of wheat flour with ayocote bean (Phaseolus coccineus) or black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) flours at 10, 20, and 30%. Ayocote and black bean contain 21.06 and 23.94% of protein, 3.06 and 5.21% of crude fiber, and 3.1 and 5.21% of ash, respectively, directly influencing bread composition. Bread with ayocote and black bean presented higher values in those components in contrast with control bread. The protein content increased in a range of 14–34%; ash increased by 10% to double, and crude fiber also increased. In vitro protein digestibility was similar for bread with 10% of substitution and control, and it decreased in samples with 30% of wheat substitution. Thermal analysis by DSC denoted that the addition of those legumes reduces retrogradation, as seen in 45.33–65.65 °C endotherm, producing higher endotherms of amylose-lipid complexes and protein denaturalization. Finally, the addition of black bean and ayocote bean decreased specific volume when the replacement percentage was 30% black bean and 20 and 30% for ayocote. An increase in nutrient content without sensorial properties affectation could be observed in substitution around 10 and 20%.

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Gravistimulation effects on Oryza sativa amino acid profile, growth pattern and expression of OsPIN genes

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-74531-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Farooq ◽

Rahmatullah Jan ◽

Kyung-Min Kim

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Oryza Sativa ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Amino Acid Profile ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Affected Plant ◽

High Amino Acid ◽

And Control ◽

Uv C

Abstract Gravity is an important ecological factor regulating plant growth and developmental processes. Here we used various molecular and biochemical approaches to investigate artificial and normal gravistimulation’s effect on the early growth stages of rice (Oryza sativa L.) by changing the orientations of Petri dishes. Rate of amino acid formation, root and shoot growth, and OsPIN expression was significantly higher under gravistimulation compared with the control. Clinostat rotation positively affected plant growth and amino acid profile. However, under normal gravity, vertical-oriented seedlings showed high amino acid levels compared with clinostat, 90°-rotated, and control seedlings. Similarly, seedling growth significantly increased with 90°-rotated and vertical orientations. Artificial gravity and exogenous indole-3-acetic acid induced OsPIN1 expression in the roots, root shoot junction, and shoots of clinorotated seedlings. Phenyl acetic acid induced OsPIN1 expression in the roots and root shoot junction of clinorotated seedlings but not in the shoot. The current study suggests that OsPIN1 is differentially regulated and that it might be involved in the regulation of plant growth. Conversely, OsPIN2 and OsPIN3a are gravity sensors and highly induced in the roots and root shoot junctions of vertical and 90°-rotated seedlings and play an important role in stress conditions. Thus, on exposure to gravity, hormones, and UV-C radiation, these genes are highly regulated by jasmonic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine and gibberellic acid.

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Adaptability studies of garlic (Allium sativum) advanced lines

Journal of Scientific Agriculture ◽

10.25081/jsa.2019.v3.5438 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 19-21

Author(s):

Asfand Raheel ◽

Hidayatullah, Raheel Babar ◽

Muhammad Arshad Ullah ◽

Ali Zaffar, Maouz Iqbal

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Allium Sativum ◽

Leaf Number ◽

Leaf Width ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Morphological Parameters ◽

And Control ◽

Different Growth Stages

The purpose of this research was to identify the most desirable verities adopted in different environmental conditions of the country. Five garlic advance line; NARC Garlic-1, NARC Garlic-3, NARC Garlic-4, NARC Garlic-5 along with ‘Lehsan Gulabi’ as check were evaluated at different locations along with NARC, Islamabad. Different morphological parameters; plant height, plant girth, leaf number per plant and leaf width were studied at four different growth stages. NARC Garlic-1 performed better as compared other advance lines and control tested.

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Asymmetries of the Upper Lip and Nose in Noncleft and Postsurgical Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Individuals

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/1545-1569_1996_033_0306_aotula_2.3.co_2 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 306-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Stephanos Kyrkanides ◽

Ron Bellohusen ◽

J. Daniel Subtelny

Keyword(s):

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Skeletal Maturation ◽

Growth Spurt ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Upper Lip ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

Small Change ◽

And Control

The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate post-surgical asymmetries of the upper lip and nose in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate individuals using documentation collected over a period of years. Twenty-three complete unilateral cleft lip and palate subjects (UCLP) and 34 noncleft subjects who served as controls and had undergone orthodontic treatment were Included in the study. Nasal asymmetry, deviation of the tip of the nose, and the deviation of the midpoint of the vermilion border of the upper lip were compared to chronologic age and skeletal maturation in cleft subjects and controls. Comparison between cleft and control cases was also assessed. Results indicate that nasal asymmetry peaks at postpubertal growth stages in the control groups, and the difference between UCLP and controls decreases with time and maturation. The deviation of the nasal tip peaks during the pubertal growth spurt for both UCLP and controls, and the difference between UCLP and controls also decreases with time. The deviation of the midpoint of the vermilion border shows relatively small change with time and maturation, and there is no significant difference between UCLP and controls. In general, the facial asymmetries studied were not as great as expected, and the difference between UCLP and controls decreased with time, growth, and maturation.

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Selectivity of Propane Flamer as a Means of Weed Control

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.30.4.820c ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 820C-820 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

G.D. Leroux ◽

J. Douheret ◽

M. Lanouette ◽

M. Martel

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Threshold Temperature ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Weed Species ◽

Higher Temperature ◽

And Control ◽

Brassica Kaber

With growing public concern about environmental quality, farmers must turn to new plant protection alternatives that minimize the use of agrochemicals. Flaming has been practiced for several years as a means of weed control in noncropped areas (railroad, ditches, etc.), but its selectivity toward crops has yet to be defined. Experiments were conducted in the ICG-Propane laboratory at Laval Univ. to determine the temperature needed to kill weeds and the temperature that corn could tolerate. Four weed species were studied: Amaranthus retroflexus, Brassica kaber, Chenopodium album, and Setaria viridis and each species was tested at three growth stages: 0–2, 4–6, and >8 leaves. Corn tolerance was tested at four growth stages: coleoptile, 0–2, 4–6, >8 leaves. All plants were grown in the green-house and were submitted to different combinations of operation speeds and of propane pressures, giving 10 temperature intensities ranging from 110 to 390C. The response of each species was evaluated by measuring its height and dry biomass 2 weeks after treatment. The threshold temperature for corn was below 200C; above this temperature, significant corn injury occurred at all growth stages tested. The corn growth stages most tolerant to heat were coleoptile and >8 leaves. While the most sensitive was 4–6 leaves. All weeds tested were sensitive to heat at 0–2 leaf stage. Amaranthus retroflexus and Chenopodium album were controlled until six leaves with temperatures that were not harmful to corn. Weeds with more than eight leaves needed higher temperature, and control rarely reached 60%. Flaming could be a selective method of weed control if operated at a temperature of 170C. Selectivity can be increased by creating a growth differential between corn and weeds.

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Midday Drop of Relative Leaf Water Content to Drought Tolerance in Soybean

Bangladesh Agronomy Journal ◽

10.3329/baj.v18i2.28901 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 31-38

Author(s):

JA Chowdhury ◽

MA Karim ◽

QA Khaliq ◽

MSA Khan ◽

SK Paul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Water Content ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Relative Water Content ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Water Stress Condition ◽

Relative Water ◽

Soybean Genotypes ◽

And Control

An experiment was conducted in a Venylhouse of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University during September to December 2012 to determine the effect of midday drop of relative water content (RWC) on drought tolerance of soybean genotypes. Four soybean genotypes viz. Shohag, BARI Soybean-6, BD2331 and BGM2026 were used in the study. Plants were grown in pots under stress and control condition. A marked difference in RWC between morning and midday was observed both in stressed and control plants. BARI Soybean-6 showed higher RWC than rest of the genotypes and BGM2026 showed the lowest at all growth stages. The reduced RWC of BARI Soybean-6 under water stress at vegetative, flowering and pod developing stages were 11.35, 13.52 and 15.04% at 1.00 PM as compared to control, respectively. The reduced RWC of BGM2026 at vegetative, flowering and pod developing stages were 18.99, 20.64 and 23.05% at 1.00 PM, respectively. In stressed plants, midday drop of relative water content was minimal in BARI Soybean-6 (8.97%) and maximum in BGM2026 (17.89%) at 1.00 PM. Under water stress condition BARI Soybean-6 gave the highest seed yield (5.23 g plant-1) and BGM2026 the lowest (3.21 g plant-1) which might be attributed to the drastic reduction in 100-seed weight of RWC in the variety BGM2026 due to the significant reduction in RWC in this variety. Considering the midday drop of RWC and seed yield, it may be concluded that BGM2026 is susceptible and BARI Soybean-6 is drought tolerant among the genotypes.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2015, 18(2): 31-38

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