In-vitro antimicrobial activities of Solanum villosum (L.) lam; crude extract solvent comparison

Two Bangladeshi medicinal plants from Araceae family, Alocasia indica and Steudnera virosa, have been investigated for their in vitro thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing antimicrobial activities and generalized toxicity. The total phenolic content was also determined and expressed in gallic acid equivalent. The membrane stabilizing activity was assessed by heat and hypotonic solution induced methods. The carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction (CTCSF) of A. indica and aqueous soluble fraction (AQSF) of S. virosa demonstrated strong membrane stabilizing activity. Different extractives of A. indica and S. virosa showed moderate thrombolytic activity. Among the two plants, the methanoic crude extract and its chloroform soluble partitionate of S. virosa revealed moderate inhibition of microbial growth. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the pet-ether and carbon tetrachloride soluble fractions of A. indica and the crude extract and its pet-ether soluble fraction of S. virosa were found to be as lethal as Vincristine sulphate after 24 hours observation on shrimp nauplii. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v10i2.11794 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 10(2): 131-135, 2011(December)

Download Full-text

In Vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Ephedra gerardiana (Root and Stem) Crude Extract and Fractions

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2017/4040254 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Aman Khan ◽

Gul Jan ◽

Afsar Khan ◽

Farzana Gul Jan ◽

Ali Bahadur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Extract ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Aqueous Fraction ◽

Oxidative Stresses ◽

Crude Extracts ◽

Stem Extract

The utilization of medicinal plants to treat infectious disease is a common practice in developing countries worldwide. The present study was aimed at evaluating the crude extracts of Ephedra gerardiana (root and stem) with different chemicals for antioxidant and antimicrobial (fungal and bacterial) potential. The results revealed that the ethyl acetate fractions of E. gerardiana (root and stem) have significant free radical scavenging potential with values 2.96±0.39 and 2.73±0.84 while n-butanol and aqueous fractions showed IC502.69±0.26 and 3.44±0.69 µg/ml in stem. Furthermore, crude extract and fractions also revealed promising antibacterial activities against all tested microbial strains while aqueous fraction showed no activities against Bacillus subtilis, Kleibsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Interestingly, all crude extracts and fractions were nonactive against fungal strain, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus, as compare to control. In summary, the Ephedra gerardiana (root and stem) extract and fraction possess antioxidant activities, which might be helpful in preventing or slowing the progress of various oxidative stresses, suggested to be a strong pharmaceutical agent.

Download Full-text

Bioactivities by a crude extract from the GreenlandicPseudomonassp. In5 involves the nonribosomal peptides, nunamycin and nunapeptin

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.1476 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. e1476 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Charlotte F. Michelsen ◽

Helle Jensen ◽

Vincent J. Venditto ◽

Rosanna C. Hennessy ◽

Peter Stougaard

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

T Cells ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Annexin V ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Nonribosomal Peptides ◽

Microbial Metabolites ◽

Suppressive Activity ◽

Jurkat T Cells

Background.Bioactive microbial metabolites provide a successful source of novel compounds with pharmaceutical potentials. The bacteriumPseudomonassp. In5 is a biocontrol strain isolated from a plant disease suppressive soil in Greenland, which produces two antimicrobial nonribosomal peptides (NRPs), nunapeptin and nunamycin.Methods.In this study, we usedin vitroantimicrobial and anticancer bioassays to evaluate the potential bioactivities of both a crude extract derived fromPseudomonassp. In5 and NRPs purified from the crude extract.Results.We verified that the crude extract derived fromPseudomonassp. In5 showed suppressive activity against the basidiomyceteRhizoctonia solaniby inducing a mitochondrial stress-response. Furthermore, we confirmed suppressive activity against the oomycetePythium aphanidermatumby thePseudomonassp. In5 crude extract, and that the purified nunamycin and nunapeptin displayed distinct antimicrobial activities. In addition to the antimicrobial activity, we found that treatment of the cancer cell lines, Jurkat T-cells, Granta cells, and melanoma cells, with thePseudomonassp. In5 crude extract increased staining with the apoptotic marker Annexin V while no staining of healthy normal cells, i.e., naïve or activated CD4 T-cells, was observed. Treatment with either of the NRPs alone did not increase Annexin V staining of the Jurkat T-cells, despite individually showing robust antimicrobial activity, whereas an anticancer activity was detected when nunamycin and nunapeptin were used in combination.Discussion.Our results suggest that the bioactivity of a crude extract derived fromPseudomonassp. In5 involves the presence of both nunamycin and nunapeptin and highlight the possibility of synergy between multiple microbial metabolites.

Download Full-text

Antimicrobial activities of constituents from isolona cauliflora verdc and cleistochlamys krikii benth, oliv.: Annonaceae

Journal of Agricultural Sciences Belgrade ◽

10.2298/jas0401109o ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 109-116

Author(s):

A.C. Odebode ◽

S.J.M. Madachi ◽

C.C. Joseph ◽

B.N. Irungu

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Antimicrobial Property ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Pseudomonas Phaseolicola ◽

Pure Compounds

Antimicrobial activities of crude extract, Caulindole D, a mixture of Caulindole E and F, Pinocembrin and an Oxyheptanoid (Clestochlamic acid) from stem bark of Isolona cauliflora and Cleistochlamys krikii on Pseudomonas phaseolicola, Fusarium solani, Botryodiploida theobromae Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus have been investigated. An in vitro bioassay test showed that the crude dichloro-methane extract from C. krikii and a very strong antimicrobial property. The pure compound had strong to moderate inhibitory effect on Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola and Botryodiplodia theobromae. The pure compounds from Cleistochlamus krikii had more pronounced inhibitory activities than the pure compounds from Isola cauliflora. At lower concentration of 100-200 ppm, the crude extract of Caulindole, mixture of Caulindole E and F, Pinocembrion and Oxyheptanoid had effect on most of the investigated plant pathogens. Higher concentration of 500-1000 ppm had moderate to weak effect on the Aspergillus spp.

Download Full-text

In vitro antimicrobial activities of several extracts endophytic Pseudomonas azotoformans UICC B-91

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/948/1/012068 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 948 (1) ◽

pp. 012068

Author(s):

E Oktarina ◽

R H Pratiwi ◽

W Mangunwardoyo ◽

I Hidayat ◽

E Saepudin

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Bioactive Compound ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Minimum Concentration ◽

Layer Chromatography

Abstract Pseudomonas azotoformans known for the benefit on agriculture area as soil fertility enhancer. Pseudomonas azotoformans UICC B-91 was successfully isolated from tissues of N. altissima which traditionally known for treating infectious diseases. Therefore, endophytic P. azotoformans might contain antimicrobial compound. This research aims on exploring the antimicrobial activities of several extracts P. azotoformans UICC B-91 against pathogenic microbes. Isolates were extracted with dichloromethane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. Each crude extract was observed for its potential antimicrobial activity with disc diffusion method against several pathogen microbes. Bioactive compound was assayed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and screened by bioautography. Results indicated that all crude extract have inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6583, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 25241, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 19659 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Highest clear zone was on dichloromethane extract. TLC fraction of dichloromethane extract was able to inhibit growth on pathogenic bacteria (except for B. subtilis ATCC 19659 and S. aureus ATCC 6583) and fungi at minimum concentration in the range 125-1,000 μg/mL and 125 μg/mL, respectively. Bioactive compound from endophytic P. azotoformans extracted with dichloromethane have antibacterial and anticandidal effect.

Download Full-text

A new phenanthrene derivative from Entada abyssinica with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B ◽

10.1515/znb-2021-0076 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Larissa M. Magnibou ◽

Peron B. Leutcha ◽

Billy T. Tchegnitegni ◽

Steven C. N. Wouamba ◽

Cyrille Y. F. F. Magne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Methyl Ester ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Root Bark ◽

Significant Activity ◽

Dioic Acid

Abstract Entada abyssinica Steud. Ex A. Rich (Leguminosae) is a medicinal plant used traditionally for the treatment of infections. A phytochemical investigation of the methanol extract of E. abyssinica root bark led to the isolation of a new phenanthrene derivative named phenentada (1), together with seven known compounds (8 S, 13 E)-kolavic acid 15-methyl ester (2) and 8 S-kolavic acid 15-methyl ester (3) obtained as mixture, 8 S-kolavic acid 15-methyl ester (3), 8 S-kolavic acid 18-methyl ester (4), 13,14,15,16-tetranorclerod-3-ene-12,18-dioic acid (5), 1′,26′-bis-[(S)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl] hexacosanedioate (6), campesterol (7) and 3-O-β -d-glucopyranosylstigmasterol (8). Their structures were determined by NMR spectroscopy (1D and 2D), mass spectrometry (HRESIMS) and by comparison with previously reported data. The crude extract and some isolated compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activities by the microdilution method while, the antioxidant activity was evaluated by the DPPH methods. Regarding the antimicrobial activity, the crude extract showed significant inhibitory activities against bacteria strains (MIC 7.81–31.3 μg mL−1) and yeasts (MIC 15.6–31.3 μg mL−1) whereas all compounds tested exhibited significant activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Moreover, compounds 4, 5 and 6 and the mixture 2/3 showed significant antimicrobial activity on Candida parapsilosis strain (MIC = 3.12 μg mL−1), as well as selected antifungal property against candida pathogenic fungi strains. On the other hand, compounds (1) demonstrated the best bioactivities against Candida albicans and Salmonella enterica with MIC = 3.12 μg mL−1 while the mixture 2/3 appeared to have the highest inhibition on gram (+) bacteria strain S. epidermidis with MIC of 0.78 μg mL−1 and compound 5 (MIC = 1.56 μg mL−1) against the gram (−) bacteria strain. Furthermore, the SC50 values measured by the antioxidant test for all samples varied between 47.21 and 52.44 μg mL−1 for DPPH. These results support the traditional uses of E. abyssinica in the management of several diseases including the claim in the skin disease treatment. Additionally, here is reported the first time isolation of a phenanthrene derivative in the Fabaceae family to the best of our knowledge.

Download Full-text

Leptospermum petersonii as a Potential Natural Food Preservative

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25235487 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (23) ◽

pp. 5487

Author(s):

Wasiu Olalekan Afolabi ◽

Ahmed Hussein ◽

Francis Oluwole Shode ◽

Marilize Le Roes-Hill ◽

Fanie Rautenbach

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Natural Food ◽

Food Preservatives ◽

Food Preservative ◽

Microbial Strains ◽

Broth Dilution

Leptospermum petersonii (family Myrtaceae) is often cultivated for ornamental purposes but also serves as a rich source of bioactive essential oils. While several studies focused on the activities of the essential oils, this study analysed the potential of spent L. petersonii leaves as a natural food preservative. Method: We investigated the in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of crude L. petersonii extracts against activities of the purified isolated flavonoid, 6-methyltectochrysin, which was characterized using spectroscopic methods. The antioxidant assays followed ORAC, FRAP and TEAC tests. The antimicrobial activities of the extract and purified flavonoid were analysed against six multi-drug resistant microbial strains in broth dilution assays. Result: The results revealed that both the crude extracts and isolated 6-methyltectochrysin exhibited positive radical ion scavenging antioxidant potential, however the crude extract was about 6-fold more potent antioxidant than the purified 6-methyltectochrysin. The crude extract also showed strong antimicrobial activities against Bacillus cereus, and even more potent antimicrobial agent than the reference ampicillin antibiotic against Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae. A higher resistance was observed for the tested Gram-negative strains than for the Gram-positive ones. 6-methyltectochrysin was generally inactive in the antimicrobial assays. Conclusion: The crude methanolic extract showed significant bioactivity which validates the medicinal relevance of the plant. The observed biological activities, especially against a notorious strain of B. cereus, suggest that L. petersonii could be a promising natural source of food preservatives.

Download Full-text

Genotoxicity evaluation in vitro by comet assay of compound and crude extract obtained from P. Pubescens Benth.

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-0035-1556214 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 81 (11) ◽

Author(s):

VHS Souza ◽

A Paula OHohne ◽

R Grando ◽

N de Cassia de Almeida Queiroz ◽

GM Pastore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Comet Assay ◽

Crude Extract

Download Full-text

Phytochemical analysis and salivary amylase inhibition activities of Carica papaya leaf and Garcinia mangostana pericarp extracts and partially purified fractions

International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research ◽

10.24896/eijppr.2016616 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Michael Russelle Alvarez ◽

Paolo Robert Bueno ◽

Raymond Oliver Cruz ◽

Richard Macapulay ◽

Francis Jayson Vallesfin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Extract ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Uv Light ◽

Digestive Enzyme ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Salivary Amylase ◽

Garcinia Mangostana ◽

Leaf Extracts

Plant-derived digestive enzyme inhibitors particularly those targeted to carbohydrate metabolism has been the focus of recent studies as natural supplements for weight control and diabetes. The present study explores the salivary amylase inhibition activity of Garcinia mangostana (Linn.) pericarp extracts and Carica papaya (Linn.) leaf extracts and fractions, as well as perform phytochemical screening and quantification, and thin layer – and high performance liquid chromatographic profiling. Results show that crude extracts and purified fractions were able to inhibit salivary amylase, with C. papaya fraction 1 being the most active at 30.89% inhibition. Phytochemical screening of all extracts tested positive for tannins, glycosides, phenolics, flavonoids and alkaloids. Quantification of phenolics showed that extracts contained high levels of phenolics, with C. papaya crude extract having the highest content with 219.0±12.7 mg GAE/g extract followed by G. mangostana crude extract with 247.1±18.0 mg GAE/g extract. Quantification of total flavonoids also showed C. papaya crude extract to contain the highest content with 55.12±0.679 mg QE/g extract. All extracts contained negligible alkaloid content, though. HPLC and TLC profiling showed several peaks and bands, when viewed in 210 nm and UV light, respectively. These results demonstrate in vitro the salivary amylase inhibitory activity of both plants and their potential as antidiabetic drug candidates; however, further studies need to be done, like isolation and structure elucidation of active components and toxicity assays. Keywords: Amylase inhibition, phytochemical quantification, Carica papaya, Garcinia mangostana

Download Full-text

Synthesis, Docking Study, Cytotoxicity, Antioxidant, and Anti-microbial Activities of Novel 2,4-Disubstituted Thiazoles Based on Phenothiazine

Current Organic Synthesis ◽

10.2174/1570179417666191220100614 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 151-159

Author(s):

Tran Nguyen Minh An ◽

Pham Thai Phuong ◽

Nguyen Minh Quang ◽

Nguyen Van Son ◽

Nguyen Van Cuong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Line ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

Cancer Cell Line ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Significant Activity ◽

Thiazole Derivatives ◽

Ligand Interaction ◽

Ic50 Value ◽

Mcf 7

: A series of novel 1,3-thiazole derivatives (5a-i) with a modified phenothiazine moiety were synthesized and tested against cancer cell line MCF-7 for their cytotoxicity. Most of them (5a-i) were less cytotoxic or had no activity against MCF-7 cancer cell line. Material and Methods: The IC50 value of compound (4) was 33.84 μM. The compounds (5a-i) were also evaluated for antimicrobial activities, but no significant activity was observed. The antioxidant activity was conducted for target compounds (5a-i). The IC50 value of compound (5b) was 0.151mM. Results: The total amount of energy, ACE (atomic contact energy), energy of receptor (PDB: 5G5J), and ligand interaction of structure (4) were found to be 22.448 Kcal.mol-1 , -247.68, and -91.91 Kcal.mol-1, respectively. The structure (4) is well binded with the receptor because the values of binding energy, steric energy, and the number of hydrogen bondings are -91.91, 22.448 kcal.mol-1, and 2, respectively. It shows that structure (4) has good cytotoxicity with MCF-7 in vitro. Conclusion: The increasing of docking ability of structures (5a-i) with the receptor is presented in increasing order as (5f)>(5e)>(5g)>(5a)>(5b)>(5d)>(5c)>(5i)>(5h). The structure bearing substitution as thiosemicarbazone (4), nitrogen heterocyclic (5f), halogen (5e), and azide (5g) showed good cytotoxicity activity in vitro.

Download Full-text