Stereocomplex-type polylactide with remarkably enhanced melt-processability and electrical performance via incorporating multifunctional carbon black

Polymer ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 122136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenwei Liu ◽  
Fangwei Ling ◽  
Xingyuan Diao ◽  
Meirui Fu ◽  
Hongwei Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Electrical Performance

scholarly journals Electrical Behaviour of a Carbon Black-Filled Polymer-Based Concrete

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 096369359600500
Author(s):  
L. Rejón ◽  
R. Flores ◽  
M. A. Ponce ◽  
V.M. Castaño
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Electrical Behaviour ◽  
Filled Polymer ◽  
Carbon Black Concentration ◽  
Before And After

The electrical performance (current, I vs. voltage, V) of a novel polymer-based composite, modified with varying amounts of carbon black, was studied. Distinctive regimens of the I vs. V curves, before and after a critical carbon black concentration, were found and the feasible mechanisms for such behaviour are discussed.

Optimization of the Electrical Conductivity of ABS Nanocomposites filled with Carbon Black and Carbon Nanotubes

2006 ◽  
Vol 977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shantanu Talapatra ◽  
Rosario A. Gerhardt
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Filler Fraction ◽  
Using Data

AbstractPoly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene-co-styrene) (ABS) is a thermoplastic polymer that is used in numerous structural applications as a result of its excellent mechanical properties. For those applications where good electrical conductivity is also desired, carbon black is often used as the filler of choice. Most reports in the literature indicate that at least 8 wt% carbon black filler is needed in order to achieve percolation. Our group recently reported that by manual mixing of ABS pellets and carbon black to create a segregated microstructure, percolation was achieved at an unprecedented low filler fraction of less than 0.01 wt% carbon black, a value which is comparable to or even better than that obtained using single wall carbon nanotubes as the filler. While the ABS/CB composites had excellent electrical performance, with a conductivity as high as 10-1 S/m, their mechanical strength was compromised.In this paper we report on new experiments designed to maintain high electrical conductivity while improving on the mechanical behavior of percolating ABS/CB nanocomposites. The experiments were aimed at controlling the processing parameters such as temperature, pressure and time during hot pressing of the mechanically mixed precursor materials. Using data obtained at the various temperature-pressure combinations used, it will be shown that similar volume percentages of carbon black and carbon nanotubes can be used to obtain equivalent conductivities, suitable for EMI shielding, while still maintaining good mechanical properties.

Vapor-induced variation in electrical performance of carbon black/poly(methyl methacrylate) composites prepared by polymerization filling

Carbon ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Ming Dong ◽  
Ruo Wen Fu ◽  
Ming Qiu Zhang ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Jun Rong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Induced Variation ◽  
Polymerization Filling

scholarly journals The Effect of Carbon Ink Rheology on Ink Separation Mechanisms in Screen-Printing

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1008
Author(s):  
Sarah-Jane Potts ◽  
Chris Phillips ◽  
Tim Claypole ◽  
Eifion Jewell
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Screen Printing ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Elastic Behavior ◽  
High Speed Imaging ◽  
Deposition Mechanism ◽  
Trade Off

Screen-printable carbon-based inks are available in a range of carbon morphologies and concentrations, resulting in various rheological profiles. There are challenges in obtaining a good print when high loading and elasticity functional inks are used, with a trade-off often required between functionality and printability. There is a limited understanding of how ink rheology influences the ink deposition mechanism during screen-printing, which then affects the print topography and therefore electrical performance. High speed imaging was used with a screen-printing simulation apparatus to investigate the effect of viscosity of a graphite and carbon-black ink at various levels of solvent dilution on the deposition mechanisms occurring during screen-printing. With little dilution, the greater relative volume of carbon in the ink resulted in a greater tendency towards elastic behavior than at higher dilutions. During the screen-printing process this led to the ink splitting into filaments while remaining in contact with both the mesh and substrate simultaneously over a greater horizonal length. The location of separating filaments corresponded with localized film thickness increases in the print, which led to a higher surface roughness (Sz). This method could be used to make appropriate adjustments to ink rheology to overcome print defects related to poor ink separation.

scholarly journals The influence of carbon morphologies and concentrations on the rheology and electrical performance of screen-printed carbon pastes

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah-Jane Potts ◽  
Tatyana Korochkina ◽  
Alex Holder ◽  
Eifion Jewell ◽  
Chris Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Carbon Concentration ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Screen Printing ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Print Quality ◽  
Graphite Nanoplatelets ◽  
Shear Rheology ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Printing Inks

AbstractScreen-printing inks containing various morphologies of carbon are used in the production of a variety of printed electronics applications. Particle morphology influences the rheology of the ink which will affect the deposition and therefore the electrical performance of a printed component. To assess the effect of both carbon morphology and concentration on print topography and conductivity, screen printable carbon inks with differing loading concentrations of graphite, carbon black and graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs) were formulated, printed and characterised, with rheological and novel print visualisation techniques used to elucidate the mechanisms responsible. Carbon morphology had significant effects on the packing of particles. The smaller carbon black particles had more interparticle interactions leading to better conductivities, but also higher ink viscosities and elasticities than the other morphologies. Increases in carbon concentration led to increases in film thickness and roughness for all morphologies. However, beyond a critical point further increases in carbon concentration led to agglomerations of particles, mesh marking and increases in surface roughness, preventing further improvements in the print conductivity. The optimal loading concentrations were identifiable using a custom-made screen-printing apparatus used with high speed imaging for all morphologies. Notable increases in filamentation during ink separation were found to occur with further increases in carbon concentration beyond the optimum. As this point could not be identified using shear rheology alone, this method combined with shear rheology could be used to optimise the carbon concentration of screen-printing inks, preventing the use of excess material which has no benefit on print quality and conductivity.

Printed Coplanar Batteries: Materials, Processing and Parametrisation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Patrick L. Rassek
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Interfacial Area ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Electrode Spacing ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Current Collectors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Passivation Layers ◽  
Gap Width ◽  
Screen Printed

Fully screen-printed zinc-manganese dioxide (Zn|MnO2) batteries can power printed electronics devices. However, large-scale market implementation of such batteries has been impeded due to complexity in manufacturing and insufficient long-term stability. This work looks at key production parameters of current collector passivation, calendering of electrodes, electrode spacing and interfacial area and evaluates their effect on battery performance. Many commercially available conductive inks used to screen-print current collectors were developed for other applications and suffer power consuming parasitic side reactions inside electrochemical cells. A practical strategy to avoid corrosion of metallic current collectors adversely affecting battery performance is to print carbon black passivation layers, which is employed in this work. The stability of printed current collectors and passivation layers in common electrolyte solutions has been addressed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments to identify pinhole-related anodic peak currents. Current integration over time enabled quantification and comparison of the passivation capability of individually fabricated protective carbon black layers. Printed layer thicknesses of at least 7 µm were required for the avoidance of pinholes in the protective passivation layers. The protective functionality was further enhanced by printing of passivation layer thicknesses of up to 25 µm and modification of the printing process to double prints wet-on-dry. Coplanar Zn|MnO2 batteries have a lower manufacturing complexity than stack-type batteries but lower interest in coplanar batteries can be attributed to reduced electrical and electrochemical performance due to layout-specific issues. Batteries comprising series connections or smaller gap widths between electrodes are typically printed to overcome these limitations. The focus of this study is the optimisation of battery performance characteristics by process and layout modification while enhancing processability on a wide range of screen printing machines. Thus, coplanar batteries prepared were calendered as part of the systematic electrode post-treatment. Battery layouts were modified by incremental gap width enlargement and a gap length extension. Individual effects of the electrical performance were monitored by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements and discharge experiments. Calendering of zinc anodes reduced charge transfer resistances of the batteries. Gap width extensions in a range between 1 mm and 5 mm showed only marginal impact on discharge performance metrics. Increase of the electrode interfacial area resulted in an improved current capability, raised short circuit currents by 45 %, and enhanced the durability against mechanical stress and thermal intake during battery activation and encapsulation. This work contributes to the optimisation of fully screen-printed coplanar Zn|MnO2 batteries by a predictable stability of passivation layers and an improved battery performance by Zn electrode calendering. Reduced requirements on registration due to increased electrode spacing and an enhanced process stability during encapsulation enable production of printed batteries at industrial-scale.

A Preparation of High Resolution Standards for Electron Microscopy. Part II

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 160-161
Author(s):  
Akira Tanaka ◽  
David F. Harling
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Graphitized Carbon Black ◽  
Graphitized Carbon ◽  
Dark Field Imaging ◽  
Crystal Films ◽  
Micro Holes

In the previous paper, the author reported on a technique for preparing vapor-deposited single crystal films as high resolution standards for electron microscopy. The present paper is intended to describe the preparation of several high resolution standards for dark field microscopy and also to mention some results obtained from these studies. Three preparations were used initially: 1.) Graphitized carbon black, 2.) Epitaxially grown particles of different metals prepared by vapor deposition, and 3.) Particles grown epitaxially on the edge of micro-holes formed in a gold single crystal film.The authors successfully obtained dark field micrographs demonstrating the 3.4Å lattice spacing of graphitized carbon black and the Au single crystal (111) lattice of 2.35Å. The latter spacing is especially suitable for dark field imaging because of its preparation, as in 3.), above. After the deposited film of Au (001) orientation is prepared at 400°C the substrate temperature is raised, resulting in the formation of many square micro-holes caused by partial evaporation of the Au film.

Metal Microstructures in Advanced CMOS Devices

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 358-359
Author(s):  
L. M. Gignac ◽  
K. P. Rodbell
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Semiconductor Device ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Metal Films ◽  
Thin Metal ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Thin Metal Films ◽  
Chemical Vapor Deposited ◽  
Boundary Properties

As advanced semiconductor device features shrink, grain boundaries and interfaces become increasingly more important to the properties of thin metal films. With film thicknesses decreasing to the range of 10 nm and the corresponding features also decreasing to sub-micrometer sizes, interface and grain boundary properties become dominant. In this regime the details of the surfaces and grain boundaries dictate the interactions between film layers and the subsequent electrical properties. Therefore it is necessary to accurately characterize these materials on the proper length scale in order to first understand and then to improve the device effectiveness. In this talk we will examine the importance of microstructural characterization of thin metal films used in semiconductor devices and show how microstructure can influence the electrical performance. Specifically, we will review Co and Ti silicides for silicon contact and gate conductor applications, Ti/TiN liner films used for adhesion and diffusion barriers in chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten vertical wiring (vias) and Ti/AlCu/Ti-TiN films used as planar interconnect metal lines.

Extraction and identification of fillers and pigments from pyrolyzed rubber and tire samples

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 174-175
Author(s):  
P. Sadhukhan ◽  
J. B. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Curing Agents

Rubber stocks, specially tires, are composed of natural rubber and synthetic polymers and also of several compounding ingredients, such as carbon black, silica, zinc oxide etc. These are generally mixed and vulcanized with additional curing agents, mainly organic in nature, to achieve certain “designing properties” including wear, traction, rolling resistance and handling of tires. Considerable importance is, therefore, attached both by the manufacturers and their competitors to be able to extract, identify and characterize various types of fillers and pigments. Several analytical procedures have been in use to extract, preferentially, these fillers and pigments and subsequently identify and characterize them under a transmission electron microscope.Rubber stocks and tire sections are subjected to heat under nitrogen atmosphere to 550°C for one hour and then cooled under nitrogen to remove polymers, leaving behind carbon black, silica and zinc oxide and 650°C to eliminate carbon blacks, leaving only silica and zinc oxide.

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