Infectious diseases in early life in industrialized countries

Vaccine ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (14-15) ◽  
pp. 1355-1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Wright ◽  
Penelope F. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Industrialized Countries

Seroprevalence of specific antibodies during pregnancy and risk for early life infectious diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Albrecht ◽  
G Gabriel ◽  
H Jacobsen ◽  
G Hansen ◽  
H Becher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Specific Antibodies

scholarly journals Varicella disease after introduction of varicella vaccine in the US, 1995-2000

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Noah
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Varicella Vaccine ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Routine Immunisation ◽  
The Us

Chickenpox is now one of the last of the infectious diseases of childhood that remain mostly uncontrolled. An effective vaccine has been available for many years but has not been used for routine immunisation in many countries. This is because the effect of giving the vaccine in early life on the subsequent development of herpes zoster is not known; high immunisation rates are important to ensure that the age distribution does not shift towards older age groups in whom the disease is more serious; and the disease is generally considered innocuous, especially in childhood when about 95% of infections occur.

scholarly journals Childhood infectious diseases and old age cognitive functioning: a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling older adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
A. Rotstein ◽  
S. Z. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Nationally Representative

ABSTRACT Background: Cumulative evidence suggests that health-related risk factors during midlife and old-age are associated with cognitive impairment. However, studies are needed to clarify the association between early-life risk factors and impaired cognitive functioning to increment existing knowledge. Objective: To examine the association between childhood infectious diseases and late-life cognitive functioning in a nationally representative sample of older adults. Participants: Eligible respondents were 2994 community-dwelling individuals aged 65–85. Measurements: Cognitive functioning was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Childhood infectious diseases (i.e. chicken pox, measles, and mumps) were self-reported. The study covariates were age, sex, highest educational level achieved, smoking status, body mass index, and depression. The primary statistical analysis examined the association between the number of childhood infectious diseases and total MMSE scores, accounting for all study covariates. Regression models of progressive complexity were examined for parsimony. The robustness of the primary results was tested in 17 sensitivity analyses. Results: The most parsimonious model was a linear adjusted model (Bayesian Information Criterion = 12646.09). Late-life cognitive functioning significantly improved as the number of childhood infectious diseases increased (β = 0.18; 95% CI = 0.11, 0.26; p < 0.001). This effect was not significantly attenuated in all sensitivity analyses. Conclusion: The current study results are consistent with prior ecological findings indicating that some childhood infectious diseases are associated with better cognitive functioning in old-age. This points to an early-life modifiable risk factor associated with older-life cognitive functioning. Our results may reflect selective mortality and/or beneficial effects via hormetic processes.

scholarly journals Pemberian MP-ASI dini dengan status gizi (PB/U) usia 4-7 bulan di Kecamatan Ratu Samban Kota Bengkulu

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Rama Beka Sariy ◽  
Betty Yosephin Simanjuntak ◽  
Desri Suryani
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Infants who fail to grow much occur in the third month or fourth month of early life. Early breastfeeding of the ASI causes mothers not to give breast milk and cause infectious diseases that result in stunting in infants. The purpose of this research is to find out the relationship of early breastfeeding with nutritional status (PB/U) age 4-7 months in Ratu Samban Sub-district of Bengkulu City.  This research uses analytic observational with a cross-sectional design. The results showed the nutritional status of PB / U short category 18.3% and MP ASI early 66.7% while the statistical test showed probability (p) of 0.273 (p> 0.05).  There is no correlation between early breastfeeding of MP and nutritional status of PB / U age 4-7 months in Ratu Samban Sub-district of Bengkulu City. Need to do re-research a using Cohort method and with other variables.Bayi yang gagal tumbuh banyak terjadi pada bulan ketiga atau bulan ke empat awal kehidupan. Pemberian MP ASI dini mengakibatkan ibu tidak berusaha memberikan ASI dan menyebabkan terjadinya penyakit infeksi yang mengakibatkan stunting pada balita. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan pemberian MP-ASI dini dengan status gizi (PB/U) pada bayi usia 4-7 bulan di Kecamatan Ratu Samban Kota Bengkulu. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan observasional analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Hasil penelitian menunjukan status gizi PB/U kategori pendek 18,3% dan MP ASI dini 66,7% sedangkan uji statistik menunjukkan nilai probabilitas (p) sebesar 0,273 (p > 0,05).  Tidak ada hubungan antara pemberian MP ASI dini dengan status gizi PB/U usia 4-7 bulan di Kecamatan Ratu Samban Kota Bengkulu . Hal ini berkaitan dengan pemberian makanan pendamping ASI sementara sebagai makanan prelaktal sebelum ASI ibu keluar dan diberikan dalam jumlah sedikit. Lebih baik dilakukan penelitian lanjutan dengan menggunakan metode Kohort dan dengan variabel lain.

Tropical Infections

2014 ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
James H. Maguire
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
The World ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Tropical Infectious Diseases ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Tropical Infections

Diseases endemic to the tropics and subtropics remain major causes of morbidity and mortality in resource-poor areas of the world and are a challenge for practitioners in industrialized countries who care for returning travelers and immigrants. As a rule, the infectious diseases of travelers are different from or present differently than those of persons who have lived for long periods of time in endemic areas. For example, hepatitis A is rare among immigrants arriving from the tropics, who typically acquired infection and lasting immunity early in life, whereas travelers from industrialized countries lack immunity unless vaccinated and are at high risk of becoming infected during travel. In this review several of the most common clinical syndromes and the tropical infectious diseases that cause them are discussed.

scholarly journals Food allergy and nutrition in early life: implications for later health

2000 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjit Kumar Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

Allergic diseases are a common cause of illness in most industrialized countries. Diet during early childhood is an important determinant of the development of allergy, particularly in high-risk infants who have a parental history of atopy. Maternal avoidance of highly-allergenic foods during pregnancy and lactation, prolonged exclusive breast-feeding, the use of a hydrolysed milk formula, and delayed introduction of dairy products, eggs, fish, nuts and soyabean are associated with a lower incidence of allergic symptoms and signs. These beneficial effects are observed for as long as 18 years of age. Similarly, nutrition and physical growth are important factors that influence immunocompetence and morbidity due to infections. Small-for-gestational age low-birth-weight infants show prolonged impairment of cell-mediated immunity, antibody responses and phagocyte function. Recent studies indicate the beneficial effect of moderate amounts of Zn given in the first 6 months of life. Thus, diet and nutrition in early life are crucial for the development of allergic and infectious disease throughout childhood and into adulthood.

Perinatal Maternal Stress and Susceptibility to Infectious Diseases in Later Childhood: An Early Life Programming Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Stepanikova ◽  
Elizabeth Baker ◽  
Gabriela Oates ◽  
Sanjeev Acharya ◽  
Jalal Uddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Maternal Stress ◽  
Early Life Programming

scholarly journals Early-life disease exposure and associations with adult survival, cause of death, and reproductive success in preindustrial humans

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (32) ◽  
pp. 8951-8956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam D. Hayward ◽  
Francesca L. Rigby ◽  
Virpi Lummaa
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Disease Exposure

A leading hypothesis proposes that increased human life span since 1850 has resulted from decreased exposure to childhood infections, which has reduced chronic inflammation and later-life mortality rates, particularly from cardiovascular disease, stroke, and cancer. Early-life cohort mortality rate often predicts later-life survival in humans, but such associations could arise from factors other than disease exposure. Additionally, the impact of early-life disease exposure on reproduction remains unknown, and thus previous work ignores a major component of fitness through which selection acts upon life-history strategy. We collected data from seven 18th- and 19th-century Finnish populations experiencing naturally varying mortality and fertility levels. We quantified early-life disease exposure as the detrended child mortality rate from infectious diseases during an individual’s first 5 y, controlling for important social factors. We found no support for an association between early-life disease exposure and all-cause mortality risk after age 15 or 50. We also found no link between early-life disease exposure and probability of death specifically from cardiovascular disease, stroke, or cancer. Independent of survival, there was no evidence to support associations between early-life disease exposure and any of several aspects of reproductive performance, including lifetime reproductive success and age at first birth, in either males or females. Our results do not support the prevailing assertion that exposure to infectious diseases in early life has long-lasting associations with later-life all-cause mortality risk or mortality putatively linked to chronic inflammation. Variation in adulthood conditions could therefore be the most likely source of recent increases in adult life span.

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