Basic Disaster Preparedness of Rural Community Pharmacies in 5 States

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Henkel ◽  
Marketa Marvanova
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Disaster Plan ◽  
Data Backup ◽  
Emergency Power

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of this study was to investigate the basic preparedness of rural community pharmacies to continue operations during and immediately following a disaster.Methods:In 2014, we conducted a telephone survey (N = 990) of community pharmacies in 3 rural areas: North Dakota/South Dakota, West Virginia, Southern Oregon/Northern California regarding whether they had a formal disaster/continuity plan, offsite data backup, emergency power generation, and/or had a certified pharmacy immunizer on staff. Logistic regression and chi square were performed using Stata 11.1.Findings:Community pharmacies in rural areas (≤50.0 persons/mile2) were less likely to have emergency power (odds ratio [OR] = 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.32-1.07) or certified pharmacy immunizer on staff (OR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.34-0.64). Pharmacies in lower income areas were less likely to have emergency power and offsite data backup or a formal disaster plan (OR = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.49-0.99) compared with pharmacies in higher income areas. Community pharmacies in areas of higher percent elderly population were less likely to have emergency power (OR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.39-0.73), or certified pharmacy immunizer on staff (OR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.47-0.91) compared with chain pharmacies in areas with lower percent elderly population.Conclusions:Being in a rural, low-income, or high-elderly area was associated with lower likelihood of basic preparedness of community pharmacies.

scholarly journals KEEPING COOL IN FLORIDA ASSISTED LIVING COMMUNITIES: BARRIERS TO POWER RULE IMPLEMENTATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S342-S342
Author(s):  
Joseph June ◽  
Debra J Dobbs ◽  
David Dosa ◽  
Lindsay J Peterson ◽  
Kathryn Hyer
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Assisted Living ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Power Rule ◽  
Emergency Power

Abstract In 2018, in response to deaths of nursing home residents after Hurricane Irma, Governor Scott and the Florida legislature enacted an emergency power rule for nursing homes and assisted living communities (ALCs). It mandates these settings to have a generator to regulate ambient air temperatures during loss of primary power by Jan. 1, 2019. However, due to cost and supply challenges the implementation of these plans has been difficult, particularly for small and independently owned ALCs. The purpose of this mixed methods study is to determine the characteristics of ALCs that were able to comply with the rule and concerns raised by ALC administrators. Using data from state regulatory agencies on all Florida ALCs (N=3082), we determine associations between ALC characteristics (size, specialty license, low-income residents) and non-compliance to the rule, using chi-square and t-tests. Additionally, we conducted interviews and focus groups with ALC administrators (N=60) about issues of implementing their emergency power plan. A content analysis approach was used and Atlas.ti v7 was used for initial and axial coding. Some prevalent themes were issues with time frames, coordination between local and state regulations, and financial burden. Themes varied by size and organizational structure of ALCs. Results will inform policy-makers on the barriers faced by ALCs to implement a new regulation that may cause financial difficulties and compromise quality care. This study has implications related to disaster preparedness regulations and their effects on independent ALCs with fewer financial resources.

Hospital Disaster Preparedness in Osaka, Japan

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuro Kai ◽  
Takashi Ukai ◽  
Muneo Ohta ◽  
Ernesto Pretto
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Plan ◽  
Hospital Administrators ◽  
Emergency Operations ◽  
Medical Supplies ◽  
Power Plant Equipment ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Emergency Power ◽  
Plant Equipment ◽  
Hospital Disaster Preparedness

AbstractPurpose:To investigate the adequacy of hospital disaster preparedness in the Osaka, Japan area.Methods:Questionnaires were constructed to elicit information from hospital administrators, pharmacists, and safety personnel about self-sufficiency in electrical, gas, water, food, and medical supplies in the event of a disaster. Questionnaires were mailed to 553 hospitals.Results:A total of 265 were completed and returned (Recovery rate; 48%). Of the respondents, 16% of hospitals that returned the completed surveys had an external disaster plan, 93% did not have back-up plans to accept casualties during a disaster if all beds were occupied, 8% had drugs and 6% had medical supplies stockpiled for disasters. In 78% of hospitals, independent electric power generating plants had been installed. However, despite a high proportion of power-plant equipment available, 57% of hospitals responding estimated that emergency power generation would not exceed six hours due to a shortage of reserve fuel. Of the hospitals responding, 71% had reserve water supply, 15% of hospitals responding had stockpiles of food for emergency use, and 83% reported that it would be impossible to provide meals for patients and staff with no main gas supply.Conclusions:No hospitals fulfilled the criteria for adequate disaster preparedness based on the categories queried. Areas of greatest concern requiring improvement were: 1) lack of an external disaster plan; and 2) self-sufficiency in back-up energy, water, and food supply. It is recommended that hospitals in Japan be required to develop plans for emergency operations in case of an external disaster. This should be linked with hospital accreditation as is done for internal disaster plans.

scholarly journals Open defecation free: where do we need to focus ?

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ramesh Adhikari ◽  
Sudha Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Middle Income

BackgroundDespite major national and international efforts, many households in Nepal (as in other low-income and middle-income countries) still lack toilets. This paper assesses various determinants that act as main contributing factors because of which households in Nepal still do not have toilets. MethodsData from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2016 was used for this study. Bivariate analysis was done to assess the association between dependent variables (toilet status- having and not having toilets in the household) and independent variables (demographic, socio-economic and geographical characteristics) using Chi-square test. Then, a multi variate logistic regression model was used to assess significant predictors for a household not having a toilet after controlling other variables. ResultsOut of the total number of sampled households (11040), nearly a fifth (18%) belonged to province no. 2, where nearly half of the households (49%) did not have toilet facilities. Similarly, households in rural areas were found to be less likely to have toilets than households in urban areas (aOR=1.56, CI1.35-1.80). In the Terai, households were almost ten times as likely not to have toilets (aOR=9.65, CI6.56-14.19) as compared to households in the mountain region. Furthermore, there is a strong positive association between households with toilets and their economic status. Poorest (aOR=15.19, CI11.26-20.47), poorer (aOR=8.75, CI6.89-11.11) and middle income (aOR=5.12, CI4.15-6.32) households were less likely to have a toilet than richer or richest households. ConclusionsDespite some real achievements and progress in Open Defecation Free (ODF) status, Nepal still has a large number of residences without a toilet. Thus, it is crucial to address all the multifaceted factors such as geographical, provincial and economic when considering sustainable ODF programming.

scholarly journals Achieving flexible competence: bridging the investment dichotomy between infectious diseases and cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. e003252
Author(s):  
C Norman Coleman ◽  
Monique K Mansoura ◽  
Maria Julia Marinissen ◽  
Surbhi Grover ◽  
Manjit Dosanjh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Wide Range

Today’s global health challenges in underserved communities include the growing burden of cancer and other non-communicable diseases (NCDs); infectious diseases (IDs) with epidemic and pandemic potential such as COVID-19; and health effects from catastrophic ‘all hazards’ disasters including natural, industrial or terrorist incidents. Healthcare disparities in low-income and middle-income countries and in some rural areas in developed countries make it a challenge to mitigate these health, socioeconomic and political consequences on our globalised society. As with IDs, cancer requires rapid intervention and its effective medical management and prevention encompasses the other major NCDs. Furthermore, the technology and clinical capability for cancer care enables management of NCDs and IDs. Global health initiatives that call for action to address IDs and cancer often focus on each problem separately, or consider cancer care only a downstream investment to primary care, missing opportunities to leverage investments that could support broader capacity-building. From our experience in health disparities, disaster preparedness, government policy and healthcare systems we have initiated an approach we call flex-competence which emphasises a systems approach from the outset of program building that integrates investment among IDs, cancer, NCDs and disaster preparedness to improve overall healthcare for the local community. This approach builds on trusted partnerships, multi-level strategies and a healthcare infrastructure providing surge capacities to more rapidly respond to and manage a wide range of changing public health threats.

Comparison of Disaster Preparedness Between Urban and Rural Community Hospitals in New York State

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 424-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan J. Vick ◽  
Asa B. Wilson ◽  
Michael Fisher ◽  
Carrie Roseamelia
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
New York State ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Community Hospitals ◽  
Disaster Plan ◽  
Surge Capacity ◽  
York State ◽  
And Training

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe intent of this study was to determine whether there are differences in disaster preparedness between urban and rural community hospitals across New York State.MethodsDescriptive and analytical cross-sectional survey study of 207 community hospitals; thirty-five questions evaluated 6 disaster preparedness elements: disaster plan development, on-site surge capacity, available materials and resources, disaster education and training, disaster preparedness funding levels, and perception of disaster preparedness.ResultsCompleted surveys were received from 48 urban hospitals and 32 rural hospitals.There were differences in disaster preparedness between urban and rural hospitals with respect to disaster plan development, on-site surge capacity, available materials and resources, disaster education and training, and perception of disaster preparedness. No difference was identified between these hospitals with respect to disaster preparedness funding levels.ConclusionsThe results of this study provide an assessment of the current state of disaster preparedness in urban and rural community hospitals in New York. Differences in preparedness between the two settings may reflect differing priorities with respect to perceived threats, as well as opportunities for improvement that may require additional advocacy and legislation. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:424-428)

Geriatric Disaster Preparedness

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Colleen Bhalla ◽  
Amos Burgess ◽  
Jennifer Frey ◽  
William Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Medical Equipment ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Disaster Plan ◽  
Disaster Preparation

AbstractIntroductionThe elderly population has proven to be vulnerable in times of a disaster. Many have chronic medical problems for which they depend on medications or medical equipment. Some older adults are dependent on caregivers for managing their activities of daily living (ADLs), such as dressing, and their instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), such as transportation.ProblemA coordinated effort for disaster preparation in the elderly population is paramount. This study assessed the potential needs and plans of older adults in the face of a local disaster.MethodsThe setting was a community-based, university-affiliated, urban emergency department (ED) that sees more than 77,000 adult patients per year. A survey on disaster plans and resources needed if evacuated was distributed to 100 community-residing ED patients and visitors aged 65 years and older from January through July 2013. Means and proportions are reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsData were collected from 13 visitors and 87 patients. The mean age was 76 years, and 54% were female. Thirty-one responded that they had a disaster plan in place (31/100; CI, 22.4-41.4%). Of those 31, 94% (29/31; CI, 78.6-99.2%) had food and water as part of their plan, 62% (19/29; CI, 42.2-78.2%) had a supply of medication, and 35% (12/31; CI, 21.8-57.8%) had an evacuation plan. When asked what supplies the 100 subjects might need if evacuated, 33% (CI, 23.9-43.1%) needed a walker, 15% (CI, 8.6-23.5%) needed a wheelchair, 78% (CI, 68.6-85.7%) needed glasses, 17% (CI, 10.2-25.8%) needed a hearing aid, 16% (CI, 9.4-24.7%) needed a glucometer, 93% (CI, 86.1-97.1%) needed medication, 14% (CI, 7.8-22.4%) needed oxygen, 23% (CI, 15.2-32.5%) needed adult diapers, and 21% (CI, 13.2-30.3%) had medical equipment that required electricity. Many of the subjects also required help with one or more of their ADLS, the most common being dressing (17%; CI, 10.3-26.1%), or their IADLS, the most common being transportation (39%; CI, 29.7-49.7%). Only 42% (CI, 32.3-52.7%) were interested in learning more about disaster preparation.ConclusionOnly a minority of the older adults in the study population had a disaster plan in place. Most of the respondents would require medications, and many would require medical supplies if evacuated.BhallaMC, BurgessA, FreyJ, HardyW. Geriatric disaster preparedness. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(5):443–446.

scholarly journals PHARMACISTS’ DISTRIBUTION IN NIGERIA; IMPLICATION IN THE PROVISION OF SAFE MEDICINES AND PHARMACEUTICAL CARE

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oseni, Yejide Olukemi ◽  
Yejide Olukemi Oseni
Keyword(s):  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Drug Distribution ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Poor Access

Objective: The aim of the study was to appraise the distribution of pharmacists in the six (6) zones of Nigeria; determine the number of community pharmacies per population in each zone and in selected States; and assess the implication of pharmacists’ distribution in the provision of safe medicines and pharmaceutical care.Methods: Data analysis of pharmacists and community pharmacies in 6 zones of Nigeria was done using 2013 register and interviews conducted for pharmacists on the issue were analysed.Results: About fifty six percent (56.2%) of all registered pharmacists works in the community pharmacies. Distribution of community pharmacists shows Southwest (SW) 41.7%, Northcentral (NC) 20.6%, Southsouth (SS) 15.5%, Southeast (SE) 12.9%, Northwest (NW) 6.7% and Northeast (NE) 2.5%. In SW zone where pharmacists are highly concentrated, rural / urban distribution of community pharmacies revealed urban 89.9% and rural 10.1%, and a community pharmacy serviced 36,836 of the population. Inequitable distribution is due to low turn-out of graduate pharmacists, dearth of pharmacists abroad, poor remuneration, poor political will to employ pharmacists at the PHC level and poor amenities in the rural areas. This has led to irrational use of medicines, non-professionals in practice, chaotic drug distribution system, poor access to safe medicines and negative effects on health indicators.Conclusion:  Improvement in country economy, increase number of faculties of pharmacy and improved facilities in the existing ones to increase turn-out of graduate pharmacists coupled with incentives for establishment of rural community pharmacy will increase access to safe medicines and care in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Rural Community Perceptions and Interests in Pharmacogenomics

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
John Stegelmeier ◽  
Christopher Nartker ◽  
Charles Barnes ◽  
Hugo Rayo ◽  
Rebecca Hoover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
General Public ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Multiple Choice Question ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Community Perceptions ◽  
Free Response ◽  
Health Fair

Pharmacogenomics testing is a rapidly expanding field with increasing importance to individualized patient care. However, it remains unclear whether the general public in rural areas would be willing to engage in this service. The objective of this survey was to determine rural community-dwelling members’ perceptions of pharmacogenomics. A questionnaire was developed consisting of five Likert-style questions on knowledge and perceptions of pharmacogenomics, a single multiple-choice question on cost of testing, and a free-response question. Two cohorts received the same questionnaire: attendees at a university-sponsored health fair and patients presenting to two independent community pharmacies in southeastern Idaho. While both showed positive reception to the implementation and value of pharmacogenomics, those at the health fair were more in favor of pharmacogenomics, suggesting a need for greater outreach and education to the general public. The findings suggest that interest of rural community-dwelling individuals may be amenable to the expansion of pharmacogenomics testing.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH CATARACT AMONG RURAL COMMUNITY ADULTS IN NEGERI SEMBILAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-314
Author(s):  
Azlina Mokhtar ◽  
Maimunah Abdul Muna'aim ◽  
Tengku Amatullah Madeehah T Mohd ◽  
Hafiz Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Mobile Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Government

‘Klinik Pakar Mata Bergerak’ (KLiP Mobile), translated to specialised ophthalmology mobile clinic is a programme that provides ophthalmology care in the rural community of Negeri Sembilan. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of cataracts and its associated factors among rural adults in Malaysia through an outreach programme of specialised ophthalmology services by KLiP Mobile. This is a cross-sectional study carried out from January 2016 until March 2018 and was conducted in rural areas of all seven districts in the state of Negeri Sembilanvisited by the KLiP Mobile. Universal sampling was applied to all adults attending the mobile clinic. The participants are those who were referred by the government community clinics and walk-in patients. The total number of participants in this study was 1480. The mean (SD) age for the study population was 56 (16.9), by which majority were Malay (n = 1220, 82.4%) and female (n = 809, 54.7%). Most of them received either primary (n = 604, 42.4%) or secondary education (n = 577, 40.5%). The majority of participants were categorized into the low-income group, with a monthly income of less than RM 3,000 (n = 1118, 92.4%). The prevalence of cataracts in the study population was 28.6%. In the multivariate analysis, factors significantly associated with cataracts were being male, having no formal education, race and suffering from hypertension. The prevalence of cataracts in rural areas is considerably high. This study highlights the need for baseline information for future study or as the main reference by the policymakers for policy development related to improving vision and eye care among the populations in Malaysia.  

Does basic education students know the importance of agroecology production systems for the conservation of biodiversity?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e04942784
Author(s):  
Andrea Aline Mombach ◽  
Carla Grasiele Zanin Hegel ◽  
Rogério Luis Cansian ◽  
Sônia Beatris Balvedi Zakrzevski
Keyword(s):  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Conservation Of Biodiversity

The perception of a basic education of the importance of agroecological agricultural systems for human and environmental health is fundamental for changes in consumption habits, the conservation of local biodiversity and long-term social transformation. We analyzed, by utilizing a questionnaire consisting of open and closed questions, the perceptions about agroecological and conventional agricultural production systems in 360 final students of basic education residing in nine Functional Planning Regions of southern Brazil. We used classification categories for answers within thematic axes, expressed in percentages and analyzed by means of Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. In general, students recognize agroecological systems as healthier for their families and for soil and water conservation, largely because they do not use agrochemicals. However, they demonstrated difficulties when arguing their importance for the conservation of biodiversity, ecosystems and for ensuring the food security of populations. Television was the main source of information related to agroecology, mainly for students residing in rural areas, thus pointing out shortcomings in basic education regarding the approach of the theme in schools. Our results show the need to build a complex network of knowledge and discussions on agroecological agricultural systems in basic education, involving changes in student perceptions, behaviors and sustainable choices.

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