Impact of early malnourishment on the chronic inflammatory response and its implications for the effect of indomethacin on Wistar rats

The objective of the present study was to investigate whether early undernutrition changes the chronic inflammatory response, so as to study its influence on pharmacological response to indomethacin. Rat offspring of dams fed from the first day of gestation to term or throughout the lactation period received a balanced diet (NN) or a basic regional diet (BRD) from northeast Brazil. According to their dams, the offspring were divided into three groups: NN; basic regional diet during gestation (BRD-g, undernourished during gestation); basic regional diet during gestation and lactation (BRD-gl, undernourished during gestation and lactation). At 2 months of age, Freund's adjuvant (0·2 ml) was inoculated into the plantar surface of the hind paw (day 0) of animals. All animals orally received saline (0·9 %) for 28 d. Another group of adult offspring was subjected to the same procedure as described above, but orally received indomethacin (2 mg/kg) instead of saline, and divided into three subgroups: NN treated with indomethacin (NNI); BRD-g treated with indomethacin (BRDI-g); BRD-gl treated with indomethacin (BRDI-gl). The hind paw volume was calculated on days 0 (initial paw volume), 7, 14 and 28. Hind paw swelling, blood albumin and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and leucocyte counts were evaluated as markers of inflammation. Reduced hind paw swelling and the blood levels of serum albumin and CRP were found in the BRD-g and BRD-gl offspring. However, no difference was found in the leucocyte count. Compared with their respective saline-treated groups (NN, BRD-g and BRD-gl), the anti-inflammatory effect of indomethacin was lower in the BRDI-g and BRDI-gl groups than in the NNI group. We conclude that early undernutrition attenuated the chronic inflammatory response and the anti-inflammatory effect of indomethacin.

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Carbon Monoxide-Neuroglobin Axis Targeting Metabolism Against Neuroinflammation

10.21203/rs.3.rs-852619/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Daniela Dias-Pedroso ◽

José S. Ramalho ◽

Vilma A. Sardão ◽

John G. Jones ◽

Carlos C. Romão ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Inflammatory Response ◽

Microglial Cell ◽

Cell Metabolism ◽

Competent Cell ◽

Metabolic Shift ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Inflammatory Effect

Abstract Microglia are the immune competent cell of the central nervous system (CNS), promoting brain homeostasis and regulating inflammatory response against infection and injury. Chronic or exacerbated neuroinflammation is a cause of damage in several brain pathologies. Endogenous carbon monoxide (CO), produced from the degradation of heme, is described as anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory in several contexts, including in the CNS. Neuroglobin (Ngb) is a haemoglobin-homologous protein, which upregulation triggers antioxidant defence and prevents neuronal apoptosis. Thus, we hypothesized a crosstalk between CO and Ngb, in particular, that the anti-neuroinflammatory role of CO in microglia depends on Ngb. A novel CO-releasing molecule (ALF826) based on molybdenum was used for delivering CO in microglial culture.BV-2 mouse microglial cell line was challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for triggering inflammation, and after 6h ALF826 was added. CO exposure limited inflammation by decreasing inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and the production of nitric oxide (NO) and tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), and by increasing interleukine-10 (IL-10) release. CO-induced Ngb upregulation correlated in time with CO’s anti-inflammatory effect. Moreover, knocking down Ngb reversed the anti-inflammatory effect of CO, suggesting that dependents on Ngb expression. CO-induced Ngb upregulation was independent on ROS signalling, but partially dependent on the transcriptional factor SP1. Finally, microglial cell metabolism is also involved in the inflammatory response. In fact, LPS treatment decreased oxygen consumption in microglia, indicating a switch to glycolysis, which is associated with a proinflammatory. While CO treatment increased oxygen consumption, reverting LPS effect and indicating a metabolic shift into a more oxidative metabolism. Moreover, in the absence of Ngb this phenotype was no longer observed, indicating Ngb is needed for CO’s modulation of microglial metabolism. Finally, the metabolic shift induced by CO did not depend on alteration of mitochondrial population. In conclusion, neuroglobin emerges for the first time as a key player for CO signalling against exacerbated neuroinflammation in microglia.

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Diphenyl diselenide subcutaneous supplementation of dairy sheep: effects on oxidant and antioxidant status, inflammatory response and milk composition

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an17374 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 461 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Angelisa H. Biazus ◽

Chrystian J. Cazarotto ◽

Gustavo Machado ◽

Nathieli B. Bottari ◽

Mariana S. Alves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Response ◽

Interleukin 10 ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Fat Content ◽

Control Group ◽

Lactation Period ◽

Diphenyl Diselenide ◽

Dairy Sheep ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Diphenyl diselenide ((PhSe)2) is a organoselenium compound with potent antioxidant properties. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether subcutaneous supplementation of (PhSe)2 in dairy sheep has positive effects on milk composition, as well as on the prevention of oxidative stress and exacerbated inflammatory response. For this, 16 primiparous recently calved sheep were divided into the following two groups, with eight animals in each: Group A, the control group; and Group B, the group subcutaneously supplemented with five doses of (PhSe)2 of 3.0µmol/kg each every 7 days. Blood samples from supplemented animals showed increased concentration of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase), and reduced reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, which prevented oxidative damage in the lactation period, as well as increased seric interleukin-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine. In the sera, supplemented animals showed increased total antioxidant capacity and ferric-reducing ability of plasma compared with the control group. As a consequence, supplemented animals showed increased antioxidant variables, as well as reduced protein oxidation in milk samples. Moreover, milk from supplemented sheep showed a higher fat content, and lower total protein and lactose contents in some periods in the study, than did not-supplemented ewes. Seric concentrations of interleukin-1 were lower on Days 30 and 45 in supplemented animals, as well as the concentrations of tumour necrosis factor α in all periods, than were those in the control group, whereas the interleukin-10 concentrations were higher. Thus, dairy sheep supplementation of (PhSe)2 activated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses, and increased milk fat content. Moreover, this protocol increased the antioxidant and, consequently, reduced the oxidant concentration in milk, which is desirable for product quality.

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Dietary Fiber's Effect on High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein Serum in Sedentary Workers

World Nutrition Journal ◽

10.25220/wnj.v05.i1.0006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 40

Author(s):

Livia Kurniati Saputra ◽

Dian Novita Chandra ◽

Ninik Mudjihartini

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

The Body ◽

Low Grade ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Dietary Fiber Intake ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Low Grade Inflammation ◽

Inflammatory Effect

Low grade inflammation has been recognized of being involved in the pathogenesis of chronic disease pandemic. Individual lifestyle plays a major role in the development of low grade inflammation. Sedentary workers are at risk of low grade inflammation due to the nature of their work. Dietary habit also contributes to inflammatory status in the body. Dietary fiber intake indirectly affects the immune system. It has been hypothesized that fiber has anti-inflammatory effects, both body weight-related and body weight-unrelated This review will focus more on body weight-unrelated anti-inflammatory effect of fiber, especially through fiber’s fermentation metabolites, the short chain fatty acid (SCFA). Its anti-inflammatory effect can be seen by monitoring a biomarker of inflammation in the body, the high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). This review’s objective is to cover the mechanisms and role of dietary fiber intake on serum hsCRP level as a marker of low grade inflammation on sedentary workers.

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Study to Investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Codelac® Broncho with Thymus Serpyllum (elixir) in comparison with reference drug Fenspiride (syrup) using accute Carrageenan-induced Paw Inflammation Model

Research Results in Pharmacology ◽

10.3897/rrpharmacology.5.33233 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 45-52

Author(s):

Pavel D. Kolesnichenko ◽

Anna A. Peresypkina ◽

Artem A. Poromov ◽

Elena N. Kareva ◽

Alexey N. Demidenko

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Activity ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reference Drug ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Model Control ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Thymus Serpyllum ◽

Carrageenan Inflammation ◽

Subplantar Injection ◽

Inflammatory Effect

Introduction: Evaluation of anti-inflammatory action of Codelac® Broncho with Thymus Serpyllum (elixir) in comparison with Fenspiride was carried out on the model of acute carrageenan inflammation of the paws in rats. Materials and methods: Edema was caused by subplantar injection of 0.1 ml of 1% λ- carrageenan gel into the hind paw. The severity of edema was assessed by using 37140 plethysmometer (UGO BASILE, Italy). The measurements were performed before edema induction and 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours afterwards. Anti-inflammatory activity of the drugs was also evaluated based on the analysis of rats’ blood, C-reactive protein concentration and histological examination results. Results and discussion: A decrease in the paw volume increment was revealed in the group with the studied drug in comparison with the group with the carrageenan edema model (control) 4, 12, 24 hours after injection of carrageenan (p<0.05). As a result of plethysmometry, a more pronounced anti-inflammatory effect of the studied drug than that of Fenspiride was revealed. There was a significant decrease in the levels of leukocytes (p<0.05), lymphocytes (p<0.05), monocytes (p<0.05) and neutrophils (p<0.05) in the group with the studied drug compared to those the the control 48 hours after the initiation of edema, while in the group with Fenspiride, there was only a decrease in the levels of leukocytes (p<0.05) and lymphocytes (p<0.05). There were no differences in the concentration of C-reactive protein between the groups. Conclusion: The obtained data indicate a more pronounced anti-inflammatory activity of Codelac® Broncho with Thymus Serpyllum in comparison with Fenspiride, on the model of acute carrageenan inflammation of the paw in rats.

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Obesity Affects β2 Adrenergic Regulation of the Inflammatory Profile and Phenotype of Circulating Monocytes from Exercised Animals

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11112630 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 2630 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Isabel Gálvez ◽

Leticia Martín-Cordero ◽

María Dolores Hinchado ◽

Alberto Álvarez-Barrientos ◽

Eduardo Ortega

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Response ◽

Adrenergic Receptor ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Adrenergic Regulation ◽

Immune Stress ◽

Β2 Adrenergic Receptor ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Inflammatory Profile ◽

Inflammatory Effect

Anomalous immune/inflammatory responses in obesity take place along with alterations in the neuroendocrine responses and dysregulation in the immune/stress feedback mechanisms. Exercise is a potential anti-inflammatory strategy in this context, but the influence of exercise on the β2 adrenergic regulation of the monocyte-mediated inflammatory response in obesity remains completely unknown. The first objective of this study was to analyze the effect of exercise on the inflammatory profile and phenotype of monocytes from obese and lean animals, and the second aim was to determine whether obesity could affect monocytes’ inflammatory response to β2 adrenergic activation in exercised animals. C57BL/6J mice were allocated to different lean or obese groups: sedentary, with acute exercise, or with regular exercise. The inflammatory profile and phenotype of their circulating monocytes were evaluated by flow cytometry in the presence or absence of the selective β2 adrenergic receptor agonist terbutaline. Exercise caused an anti-inflammatory effect in obese individuals and a pro-inflammatory effect in lean individuals. β2 adrenergic receptor stimulation exerted a global pro-inflammatory effect in monocytes from exercised obese animals and an anti-inflammatory effect in monocytes from exercised lean animals. Thus, β2 adrenergic regulation of inflammation in monocytes from exercised animals seems to depend on the inflammatory basal set-point.

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Anti-inflammatory effect of tricin isolated from Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. on the LPS-induced inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 cells

International Journal of Molecular Medicine ◽

10.3892/ijmm.2016.2765 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 1614-1620 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Byoung-Man Kang ◽

Byoung-Kwan An ◽

Won-Seok Jung ◽

Ho-Kyung Jung ◽

Jung-Hee Cho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Response ◽

Raw 264.7 Cells ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Inflammatory Effect

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Systemic inflammatory response syndrome without systemic inflammation in acutely ill patients admitted to hospital in a medical emergency

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0960287 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 96 (3) ◽

pp. 287-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Annika TAKALA ◽

Irma JOUSELA ◽

Klaus T. OLKKOLA ◽

Sten-Erik JANSSON ◽

Marjatta LEIRISALO-REPO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ◽

Inflammatory Response ◽

Systemic Inflammation ◽

Interleukin 6 ◽

Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽

Composite Score ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Cd11b Expression ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Markers Of Inflammation

Criteria of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) are known to include patients without systemic inflammation. Our aim was to explore additional markers of inflammation that would distinguish SIRS patients with systemic inflammation from patients without inflammation. The study included 100 acutely ill patients with SIRS. Peripheral blood neutrophil and monocyte CD11b expression, serum interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α and C-reactive protein were determined, and severity of inflammation was evaluated by systemic inflammation composite score based on CD11b expression, C-reactive protein and cytokine levels. Levels of CD11b expression, C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 were higher in sepsis patients than in SIRS patients who met two criteria (SIRS2 group) or three criteria of SIRS (SIRS3 group). The systemic inflammation composite score of SIRS2 patients (median 1.5; range 0–8, n = 56) was lower than that of SIRS3 patients (3.5; range 0–9, n = 14, P = 0.013) and that of sepsis patients (5.0; range 3–10, n = 19, P< 0.001). The systemic inflammation composite score was 0 in 13/94 patients. In 81 patients in whom systemic inflammation composite scores exceeded 1, interleukin-6 was increased in 64 (79.0%), C-reactive protein in 59 (72.8%) and CD11b in 50 (61.7%). None of these markers, when used alone, identified all patients but at least one marker was positive in each patient. Quantifying phagocyte CD11b expression and serum interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein concurrently provides a means to discriminate SIRS patients with systemic inflammation from patients without systemic inflammation.

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Sitagliptin Attenuates Porphyromonas Gingivalis Virulence and Inflammatory Response in Macrophage on Titanium

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1091111/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Weilong Tang ◽

Minquan Du ◽

Shuang Zhang ◽

Han Jiang

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Response ◽

Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Flow Cytometry Assay ◽

Related Factors ◽

Qrt Pcr ◽

Inhibiting Effect ◽

Porphyromonas Gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Inflammatory Effect

Abstract BackgroundIn peri-implantitis, porphyromonas gingivalis and macrophage play central roles. The aim of this study was to detect the attenuating effect of an anti-diabetic drug sitagliptin on porphyromonas gingivalis virulence and inflammatory response in macrophage on titanium discs. Materials and methodsPorphyromonas gingivalis and macrophage were cultured on titanium discs. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of sitagliptin were assessed and the morphology of porphyromonas gingivalis were observed by SEM. Bacterial early adhesion, aggregation, hemagglutination, hemolysis and porphyromonas gingivalis virulence factors mRNA expression were assessed to preliminarily investigate the mechanisms of action. Flow cytometry assay, qRT-PCR and Western Blot were used to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of sitagliptin on porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage. ResultsThe present study demonstrated the inhibiting effect of sitagliptin on the growth, biofilm, phenotypic behavior and virulence factors of porphyromonas gingivalis and the protective effect on the porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-induced polarization in macrophage. And we also confirmed the anti-inflammatory effect of sitagliptin on the secretion of inflammation-related factors in macrophage by inhibiting the MAPK and AKT signaling pathways. ConclusionsSitagliptin possesses the attenuating effect on porphyromonas gingivalis virulence and inflammatory response in porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage on titanium.

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Effect of Topical Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) Leaf Extract Paste in Carrageenan-induced Paw Edema on Wistar Rats

Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) ◽

10.29313/gmhc.v7i2.4087 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Indah Puti Rahmayani Sabirin ◽

Euis Reni Yuslianti

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Response ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

The Body ◽

Morinda Citrifolia ◽

Paw Edema ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Inflammatory Effect

The inflammatory response is one of natural process in the body to protect itself following tissue injury, but it can cause discomfort. Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) leaf known as a traditional medicament to help reduce the inflammatory effect. The leaves empirically applied as a wrapping on fever or wound. The purpose of this study was to identify the anti-inflammatory effect of topical noni leaf extract paste in 5% and 10% concentration by examination of Wistar rat paw edema induced by λ-carrageenan. Twenty-four Wistar rats divided into four groups, which were negative control, positive control with diclofenac sodium 1% gel, 5% noni leaf, and 10% noni leaf paste groups. Paw edema was induced by intraplantar injection of 1% λ-carrageenan to every rat. Every treatment subsequently applied in the plantar area before injection, and the changed paw volume measured with plethysmometer at minutes 0, 30, 60, and 90. This study was at the Animal Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi city in October–December 2017. The result displayed that the minimum volume after 90 minutes was on 5% and 10% noni leaf paste group, which is 1.00 mL. Kruskal-Wallis test result of inflammatory percentage was significantly different among every group in each examination time (p<0.05). Post-hoc test showed that inflammatory reduction on paw edema with noni leaf paste application on both concentrations were significantly different compared to the negative control. However, it was not different from the positive control group. This study showed that application of noni leaf paste in 5% and 10% concentration could help reduce inflammatory response on skin possibly by the active anti-inflammatory ingredients of noni leaf. EFEK PASTA EKSTRAK DAUN MENGKUDU (MORINDA CITRIFOLIA L.) TOPIKAL TERHADAP EDEMA KAKI TIKUS GALUR WISTAR YANG DIINDUKSI KARAGENANInflamasi adalah proses alami tubuh untuk melindunginya setelah cedera, namun hal tersebut dapat menyebabkan ketidaknyamanan. Daun mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) dikenal sebagai obat tradisional untuk menurunkan efek inflamasi yang secara empiris digunakan untuk mengobati demam dan luka. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efek anti-inflamasi pasta ekstrak daun mengkudu melalui pemeriksaan edema kaki tikus yang diinduksi karagenan-λ. Dua puluh empat tikus galur Wistar dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, yaitu kontrol negatif dengan akuades, kontrol positif (aplikasi gel Na diklofenak 1%), serta perlakuan pasta daun mengkudu 5% dan 10%. Edema dibuat dengan menginjeksi intraplantar tikus dengan 1% karagenan-λ pada tiap kelompok. Tiap-tiap perlakuan diaplikasikan sebelum tikus diinjeksi dan perubahan volume kaki tikus diukur dengan pletismometer di menit ke-0, 30, 60, dan 90. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Hewan, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Kota Cimahi pada Oktober–Desember 2017. Hasil pengukuran memperlihatkan penurunan volume edema kaki terkecil setelah 90 menit pada kelompok pasta daun mengkudu 10%, yaitu 1,00 mL. Hasil Uji Kruskal-Wallis terhadap persentase inflamasi berbeda nyata pada tiap kelompok dan tiap waktu pengamatan (p<0,05). Hasil uji beda menunjukkan bahwa penurunan inflamasi kaki tikus pada perlakuan pasta daun mengkudu kedua konsentrasi berbeda nyata dibanding dengan kontrol negatif, tetapi tidak berbeda dengan kontrol positif. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pasta daun mengkudu 5% dan 10% dapat membantu menurunkan reaksi inflamasi kulit dan efeknya sejalan dengan Na diklofenak karena zat aktif yang bersifat anti-inflamasi dalam daun mengkudu.

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Dual effects of a homeopathic mineral complex on carrageenan-induced oedema in rats

British Homeopathic Journal ◽

10.1054/homp.1999.0310 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 88 (03) ◽

pp. 101-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

S Bertani ◽

S Lussignoli ◽

G Andrioli ◽

P Bellavite ◽

A Conforti

Keyword(s):

Regulatory Mechanisms ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Therapeutic Action ◽

Therapeutic Activity ◽

Plantar Surface ◽

Mineral Complex ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

The Right ◽

Inflammatory Effect

AbstractCarrageenan oedema, a classical experimental model commonly used to test activity of anti-inflammatory drugs, was used to evaluate the therapeutic activity of a low-potency mineral complex (MC). The MC was administered in the right plantar surface of albino rats 60 min before, simultaneously and 30 min after injection of carrageenan, an irritant which causes a local, transitory increase of fluid volume. The administration of the MC 60 min before the injection of carrageenan primed the animal to enhanced inflammatory response to the irritant. The administration of MC contemporarily to carrageenan did not modify the kinetic and the extent of the oedema, while the administration of the MC 30 min after the induction of the oedema significantly reduced the early phase of the inflammatory reaction. This indicated that the therapeutic action of this MC is not due to conventional anti-inflammatory effect but to activation of endogenous regulatory mechanisms, a phenomenon which may be regarded as a simple application of the ‘similia rule’.

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