Breakfast patterns and weight status among adolescents – a study on the Brazilian National Dietary Survey 2008-2009

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Bruna Kulik Hassan ◽  
Diana Barbosa Cunha ◽  
Roberta de Oliveira Santos ◽  
Valéria Troncoso Baltar
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Principal Component Factor Analysis ◽  
Data Variability ◽  
Survey Sample ◽  
Mixed Pattern ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Examine the composition of breakfast concerning weight status is essential for evaluating adolescent health and understanding this gap. This study aimed to identify breakfast patterns and investigate the relationship with weight status among Brazilian adolescents. We used a subsample of 7,425 adolescents aged 10-19 years from the 2008-2009 Brazilian Household Budget Survey. Breakfast eaters were those with intake of at least 50 kcal (209.2kJ) between 5 and 10 a.m. Breakfast dietary patterns were derived by principal component factor analysis with varimax rotation. We performed logistic regression analyses between breakfast patterns and weight status, considering the complexity of the survey sample design. Three breakfast patterns were identified explaining 44.8% of data variability: (1) the Cereal, protein, fruit beverages and Northern/Northeastern pattern, characterized by high consumption of cookies, meats, dairy products, preparations with corn, eggs, fruit juices/fruit drinks/soy-based drinks, tubers/roots/potatoes, and cereals, and negative adherence to cold cut meat and savory snacks/crackers; (2) the Protein-based pattern, characterized by positive loadings for cold cut meat, milk and cheese, and negative for cookies, fruit juices/fruit drinks/soy-based drinks, tubers/roots/potatoes, and cereals; and (3) the Mixed pattern, with positive loadings for cakes, coffee/tea, bread, fruit juices/fruit drinks/soy-based drinks, chocolate/desserts, and savory snacks/crackers. No association was found between skipping and weight status. Overweight adolescents had lower adherence to the Cereal, protein, fruit beverages and Northern/Northeastern pattern pattern (OR=0.67; 95% CI 0.47; 0.96). This is the first study to address dietary patterns at the meal level with adolescent population-based data, which requires further investigation.

scholarly journals Analysing lawyers’ attitude towards knowledge sharing

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wole M. Olatokun ◽  
Isioma N. Elueze
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Law Firms ◽  
Principal Component Factor Analysis ◽  
It Infrastructure ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Positive Intention ◽  
Salient Beliefs ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: The study examined and identified the factors that affect lawyers’ attitudes to knowledge sharing, and their knowledge sharing behaviour. Specifically, it investigated the relationship between the salient beliefs affecting the knowledge sharing attitude of lawyers’, and applied a modified version of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) in the knowledge sharing context, to predict how these factors affect their knowledge sharing behaviour.Method: A field survey of 273 lawyers was carried out, using questionnaire for data collection. Collected data on all variables were structured into grouped frequency distributions. Principal Component Factor Analysis was applied to reduce the constructs and Simple Regression was applied to test the hypotheses. These were tested at 0.05% level of significance.Results: Results showed that expected associations and contributions were the major determinants of lawyers’ attitudes towards knowledge sharing. Expected reward was not significantly related to lawyers’ attitudes towards knowledge sharing. A positive attitude towards knowledge sharing was found to lead to a positive intention to share knowledge, although a positive intention to share knowledge did not significantly predict a positive knowledge sharing behaviour. The level of Information Technology (IT) usage was also found to significantly affect the knowledge sharing behaviour of lawyers’.Conclusion: It was recommended that law firms in the study area should deploy more IT infrastructure and services that encourage effective knowledge sharing amongst lawyers. 

scholarly journals Dietary patterns and breast-feeding in Australian children

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1939-1947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A Grieger ◽  
Jane Scott ◽  
Lynne Cobiac
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Principal Component Factor Analysis ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the dietary patterns of a national sample of 2–8-year-old Australian children and to establish whether breast-feeding is associated with dietary patterns in this age group.DesignCross-sectional study using 24 h recall data from the 2007 Australian National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey.SettingAustralia.SubjectsA total of 2287 children aged 2–8 years.ResultsPrincipal component factor analysis identified three distinct patterns. The ‘Non-core food groups’ pattern included food groups such as whole-fat dairy products, cheese, medium–high sugar-sweetened breakfast cereals and sweet biscuits, no fruit, reduced/low-fat dairy products and wholegrain bread/rolls. The ‘Healthy, meat and vegetable’ pattern included vegetables, red meat, fruit and wholegrain bread/rolls and was inversely associated with take-away foods and carbonated sugar-sweetened beverages. The ‘Combination’ pattern contained many food groups including candy (not chocolate based), pasta/rice products, nuts/seeds, cakes and chocolate, but no fruit or vegetables. Of the 2287 children, 2064 (89·3 %) had been breast-fed. A positive association was found between breast-feeding and the healthy, meat and vegetable pattern (r= 0·267) but not with the other two patterns. Higher scores on this pattern were also associated with younger age, lower BMI, higher birth weight, high likelihood of being in the less-disadvantaged Socio-economic Indexes for Areas category and less likelihood of the child's parents having a lower educational level.ConclusionsThese results provide suggestive evidence that breast-feeding during infancy is associated with a healthy dietary pattern in childhood and offers a likely pathway to explain the previously reported association between breast-feeding and chronic disease.

scholarly journals A Healthy Diet Is Not More Expensive than Less Healthy Options: Cost-Analysis of Different Dietary Patterns in Mexican Children and Adolescents

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3871
Author(s):  
Patricia Clark ◽  
Carlos F. Mendoza-Gutiérrez ◽  
Diana Montiel-Ojeda ◽  
Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez ◽  
Desirée López-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mexican Children ◽  
The Cost

Unhealthy diets are recognized as a major risk factor for many diseases. The decrease in costs of industrialized products, as well as the possible misinformation about a healthy diet, has led to new behaviors in the dietary patterns of the pediatric population. The costs of dietary patterns have not been estimated in our population, so the objective of this study was to determine the cost associated with dietary patterns in Mexican children and adolescents, hypothesizing that a healthy diet is not necessarily more economically expensive. This study analyzed data from a population-based cross-sectional study of healthy children and adolescents in Mexico City. Data were collected from a food frequency questionnaire and the meal cost of habitual food shopping. Eating patterns were obtained by using principal component analysis. A micro-costing technique was performed to obtain the direct costs of each pattern. When comparing the healthy pattern with the transition and non-healthy patterns, it was observed that there were no statistically significant differences between the dietary patterns (p = 0.8293). The cost of the healthy pattern only takes up 16.6% of the total biweekly income of a salaried Mexican. In this study, no differences were observed between the costs of a healthy and a less healthy diet.

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns in Italy and the Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Dalmartello ◽  
Francesca Bravi ◽  
Diego Serraino ◽  
Anna Crispo ◽  
Monica Ferraroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Principal Component Factor Analysis ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Cooking Oils

Background: Conclusive evidence on foods, nutrients, or dietary patterns and the risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is lacking in the literature. Methods: We considered data from an Italian hospital-based case–control study (1992–2004) on 767 incident RCC cases and 1534 controls. A posteriori dietary patterns were identified by applying principal component factor analysis on 28 nutrients derived from a 78-item food-frequency questionnaire. We estimated the odds ratios (ORs) of RCC and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each quartile category (compared to the lowest one) using conditional multiple logistic regression models providing adjustment for major confounding factors. Results: We identified four dietary patterns, named “Animal products”, “Starch-rich”, “Vitamins and fiber”, and “Cooking oils and dressings”. Higher intakes of the “Starch-rich” pattern were positively associated with RCC risk (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.04–1.82 for the highest quartile, p = 0.018). The association was inverse with the “Cooking oils and dressings” pattern (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.47–0.80, p < 0.001), whereas no association was found with “Animal products” and “Vitamins and fiber” patterns. Conclusions: Higher intakes of starch-related foods may increase RCC risk, whereas consumption of olive and seed oils may favorably influence RCC risk.

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns of Breastfeeding Mothers and Human Milk Composition: Data from the Italian MEDIDIET Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1722
Author(s):  
Francesca Bravi ◽  
Matteo Di Maso ◽  
Simone R. B. M. Eussen ◽  
Carlo Agostoni ◽  
Guglielmo Salvatori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Principal Component Factor Analysis

(1) Background: Several studies have reported associations between maternal diet in terms of single foods or nutrients and human milk compounds, while the overall role of maternal diet and related dietary patterns has rarely been investigated. (2) Methods: Between 2012 and 2014, we enrolled 300 healthy Italian mothers, who exclusively breastfed their infant. During a hospital visit at 6 weeks postpartum, a sample of freshly expressed foremilk was collected and information on maternal dietary habits in the postpartum period was obtained through an interviewer-administered food frequency questionnaire. We applied principal component factor analysis to selected nutrients in order to identify maternal dietary patterns, and assessed correlations in human milk macronutrients and fatty acids across levels of dietary patterns. (3) Results: Five dietary patterns were identified, named “Vitamins, minerals and fibre”, “Proteins and fatty acids with legs”, “Fatty acids with fins”, “Fatty acids with leaves”, “Starch and vegetable proteins”. These dietary patterns were correlated with some milk components, namely fatty acids, and in particular ω-3 and its subcomponents. (4) Conclusions: This study showed that overall maternal dietary habits during breastfeeding may influence human milk composition, suggesting the importance of adequate maternal nutrition during lactation not only for the mother herself but also to provide the infant with milk containing adequate amount and quality of nutrients for a balanced nutrition.

scholarly journals Prospective relevance of dietary patterns at the beginning and during the course of primary school to the development of body composition

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (8) ◽  
pp. 1488-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Diethelm ◽  
Anke L. B. Günther ◽  
Matthias B. Schulze ◽  
Marie Standl ◽  
Joachim Heinrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Reduced Rank Regression ◽  
Rank Regression ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
School Period

Primary school years seem to represent a critical period for the development of overweight and obesity. However, only a few studies have analysed the prospective relationship between dietary patterns and weight status in children. The aims of the present study were to identify dietary patterns at the beginning of and during the primary school period and to examine their relevance to the development of body composition. Nutritional and anthropometric data from 371 participants of the Dortmund Nutritional and Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) Study at the beginning (ages 6 and 7 years) and end (ages 10 and 11 years) of the primary school period were used. Principal component analyses (PCA) were conducted to identify dietary patterns, which were regressed on changes in BMI and fat mass index (FMI) between ages 6 and 7 years and ages 10 and 11 years. Reduced rank regression (RRR) was used to directly extract patterns explaining variation in changes in BMI and FMI between ages 6 and 7 years and ages 10 and 11 years. PCA yielded interpretable patterns of dietary changes at the beginning of and during the primary school period, which were not related to changes in body composition. Conversely, RRR allowed identifying predictive patterns: higher baseline intakes of white bread and lower baseline intakes of whole-grain products as well as increases in the consumption of savoury snacks, sausages and cheese during primary school years independently predicted increases in BMI and FMI during the primary school period. In conclusion, selection of unfavourable carbohydrate sources at the beginning of the primary school period and increases in the consumption of processed savoury foods during primary school years may adversely affect the development of body composition during the course of primary school.

scholarly journals Urban and rural dietary patterns are associated with anthropometric and biochemical indicators of nutritional status of adolescent Mozambican girls

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1057-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena H Hauta-alus ◽  
Liisa Korkalo ◽  
Riitta Freese ◽  
Carina Ismael ◽  
Marja Mutanen
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Biochemical Indicators ◽  
Resource Setting

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to explore whether dietary patterns (DP) are associated with nutritional status indicators among adolescent Mozambican girls.Design/Setting/SubjectsIn this population-based cross-sectional study we used the FFQ data of 547 girls aged 14–19 years from Central Mozambique to derive dietary patterns by means of principal component analysis. We used two-level linear regression models to examine the associations between the DP and anthropometric and biochemical indicators of nutritional status.ResultsWe identified three DP: ‘Urban bread and fats’, ‘Rural meat and vegetables’ and ‘Rural cassava and coconut’. The ‘Urban bread and fats’ DP was positively associated with BMI-for-age Z-score (BMIZ), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), triceps skinfold (P for all<0·001) and blood Hb (P=0·025). A negative association was observed between the ‘Urban bread and fats’ DP and serum folate (P<0·001). The ‘Rural meat and vegetables’ DP and the ‘Rural cassava and coconut’ DP were associated negatively with BMIZ, MUAC and triceps skinfold (P for all<0·05), but the ‘Rural meat and vegetables’ DP was associated positively with serum ferritin (P=0·007).ConclusionsUrban and rural DP were associated with nutritional status indicators. In a low-resource setting, urban diets may promote body fat storage and blood Hb concentrations but compromise serum folate concentration. It is important to continue valuing the traditional, rural foods that are high in folate.

scholarly journals Interaction of the CMTM7 rs347134 Polymorphism with Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Obesity in Han Chinese Male Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zhu ◽  
Kun Xue ◽  
Hong Wei Guo ◽  
Fei Fei Deng ◽  
Yu Huan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
Principal Component Factor Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Chinese Male

A genome-wide association study (GWAS) in the Han Chinese population had found that single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on the CMTM7 gene rs347134 was significantly associated with Body Mass Index (BMI). In the present study, the association of the rs347134 SNP with obesity and its interaction with dietary patterns (DPs) were explored in Han Chinese children. This cross-sectional study group included 1292 children, in whom obesity-related indicators were evaluated, the rs347134 SNP was genotyped by improved Multiple Ligase Detection Reaction (iMLDR), and the DPs were identified by principal component factor analysis. The GG genotype exhibited higher odds of general overweight/obesity (P = 0.038) and central obesity (P = 0.039) than AA + GA genotypes in boys. Four DPs of boys were identified: healthy balanced (HBDP), nuts and sweets-based (NSDP), animal food-based (AFDP), and wheaten and dairy-based (WDDP). Boys with the GG genotype were significantly more inclined to AFDP (P = 0.028) and had a shorter sleep duration (P = 0.031). Significant interactions were observed; boys with the GG genotype displayed a higher LDL in AFDP (P = 0.031) and higher FBG in NSDP (P = 0.038), respectively. Our findings indicate for the first time that the GG genotype of CMTM7 rs347134 is potentially a novel obesity risk factor for Han Chinese male children and is associated with dietary patterns more or less.

The association between lunch composition and obesity in Iranian adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Zahra Akbarzade ◽  
Kurosh Djafarian ◽  
Nasim Saeidifard ◽  
Shabnam Aliakbari Majd ◽  
Nazila Garousi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Principal Component Factor Analysis ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio

Abstract We aimed to assess the dietary composition of lunch meal using a posteriori derived dietary patterns and to determine the association of lunch composition with obesity in a sample of Iranian adults. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 850 men and women in Tehran (aged 20-59 y). Dietary intakes were assessed using three 24-h dietary recalls, and dietary patterns were identified via principal component factor analysis. For each identified pattern, scores were calculated for each participant and then classified into tertiles. Central obesity was defined WHO criteria. General obesity was defined as a body mass index of more than 30 kg/m2. Three major dietary patterns were identified at lunch meal using 12 food groups: “Bread, grains and fat”, “Western”, and “Potato and eggs”. After adjustment for potential confounders, participants at the top tertile of the “Bread, grains and fat” dietary pattern had greater odds for a higher waist to hip ratio, compared with those in the lowest tertile (OR, 1.44; 95% CI: 1.01 to 2.07). However, we found no association between ‘Western or ‘“potato and eggs” patterns and waist to hip ratio (OR 0.89, 95% CI: 0.62 to 1.28 and OR 1.16, 95% CI: 0.69 to 1.42, respectively). None of the identified dietary patterns was associated when defining obesity with waist circumference or body mass index. In conclusion, participants had a greater chance of central obesity defined based on waist to hip ratio following a lunchtime pattern with a higher and positive loading factor for “Bread, grains and fat”.

Dietary Flavonoid Patterns and Prostate Cancer: Evidence from a Mexican Population-Based Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Marcia V Galván-Portillo ◽  
Ruth A Vázquez-Salas ◽  
Jesús Gibran Hernández-Pérez ◽  
Julia Blanco-Muñoz ◽  
Lizbeth López-Carrillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Mixed Pattern ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Flavonoids are a broad group of bioactive compounds with anticarcinogenic effects on the prostate that have been scarcely evaluated in Latin American populations. Our objective was to evaluate the association between dietary patterns of flavonoid intake and prostate cancer (PC) in a population-based case-control study carried out in Mexico City. Based on a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire with a frame reference of 3 y before diagnosis or interview, we used an updated database for estimating the daily intake (mg/d) of flavones, flavonols, and flavanols for 395 confirmed incident PC cases and 797 population controls matched by age (±5 years). Histological PC differentiation was evaluated using the Gleason score at diagnosis. Flavonoid dietary intake patterns (FDIPs) were determined through principal component analysis, and their association with PC was estimated using logistic regression models. Three FDIPs were identified: gallate pattern (GP) characterized by (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate and (+)-gallocatechin; luteolin pattern (LP) characterized by luteolin and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate; and a mixed pattern (MP) that included (+)-catechin, (-) -epicatechin, and quercetin. A higher GP (OR T3 vs.T1=0.47; 95% CI 0.33-0.66) and LP intake (OR T3 vs. T1=0.39; 95% CI 0.27-0.59) were associated with a decreased PC likelihood. In contrast, a higher MP intake (OR T3 vs. T1=2.32; 95% CI 1.67-3.23) increased PC likelihood. The possible differential and synergistic anticarcinogenic role of flavonoid compounds in PC deserves further study.

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