Some factors affecting apparent nitrogen digestibility of roughage diets fed to cattle

1972 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Moran ◽  
J. E. Vercoe
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Intake ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen

SUMMARYPublished and unpublished results for apparent nitrogen digestibility from 107 digestibility trials with Zebu (Africander, Brahman and their crosses with British cattle) and British breeds of cattle were analysed by regression analyses to determine its relationship with dry matter intake and dietary nitrogen content.The linear regression of apparent nitrogen digestibility on the reciprocal of dietary nitrogen content was an adequate mathematical description of the relation (r = 0·92) and the addition of the reciprocal of nitrogen intake as an independent variable improved the description (r = 0·95) particularly for diets with a low nitrogen content. Both these equations have a physiological basis.Estimates of the true nitrogen digestibility and metabolic faecal nitrogen from the linear regression of apparent nitrogen digestibility on the reciprocal of dietary nitrogen content were 86·8% and 0·49 g/100 g dry-matter intake. Independent estimates of these parameters from a multiple regression of total faecal nitrogen on dry-matter intake and nitrogen intake were 88·7% and 0·46 g/100 g dry-matter intake. The analyses on the breeds suggested that the Zebu cattle may have a higher true digestibility and a lower metabolic faecal nitrogen than the British cattle, although the differences were small and could not be subjected to statistical tests.

Studies on marsupial nutrition V. the nitrogen requirements of the euro, Macropus robustus

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
GD Brown ◽  
A.R. Main
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

The nitrogen requirements of some female euros (Macropus robustus) were determined by means of nitrogen balance feeding trials. The average minimum dietary nitrogen requirement for the maintenance of nitrogen equilibrium was 1.99 g/day or 309 mg/day per kgW*0.73. The metabolic faecal nitrogen output of the euros, determined indirectly, was estimated to be 0.27 g/100 g dry matter intake. The minimum digestible nitrogen requirements of the euros were 160 mg/day per kgW*0.73, equivalent to approximately 1 g digestible nitrogen per day. The minimum urinary nitrogen excretion of the euros, at dietary nitrogen intakes of approximately 1 g/day, was an average of 34 mg/day per kgW*0.73. Comparison of the results obtained with data for eutherian species reported in the literature indicates that the nitrogen requirements and urinary nitrogen excretion of this species is markedly less than that of eutherian species. The results are briefly discussed in relation to survival of the euro in the arid environment of the Pilbara district of Western Australia.

scholarly journals The Performance of Steers Fed on Sugarcane in natura or Ensiled with Concentrate

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Dheynne Alves Vieira ◽  
Andréia Santos Cezário ◽  
Wallacy Barbacena Rosa dos Santos ◽  
Jeferson Corrêa Ribeiro ◽  
Tiago Neves Pereira Valente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of crossbred Holstein × Zebu steers fed on the diets containing sugarcane in natura or ensiled with two levels of concentrate (30% and 70%). A total of 32 males of 394 kg of body weight were used in a completely randomized experimental design with four treatments and seven repetitions. The animals reported a high dry matter intake (DMI) (P < 0.05) when fed on the high concentrate levels. The increase in concentrate levels resulted in an approximately 25% to 60% higher DMI as compared to the lowest level offered by silage-based diets and sugarcane in natura. The highest apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter were observed in the diets based on sugarcane in natura (P < 0.05). The sugarcane based diets also affected (P > 0.05) the digestibility of organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, crude protein, ether extract, and non-fiber carbohydrates. There were no differences (P > 0.05) between the diets for average daily weight gain, carcass dressing, carcass gain, and feed conversion. The diets based on sugarcane in nature or ensiled with 30% and 70% concentrates do not influence the performance of crossbred Holstein × Zebu cattle.

UTILIZATION OF GRASS SILAGE BY CATTLE: EFFECT OF BARLEY AND FISHMEAL SUPPLEMENTS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 897-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. VEIRA ◽  
M. IVAN ◽  
G. BUTLER ◽  
J. G. PROULX
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Large Reduction ◽  
High Nitrogen Content ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum

Following weaning at 6–7 mo of age, 36 beef steers were used to determine production responses when grass silage was supplemented with barley or fishmeal. The silage was made from direct-cut, formic- acid-treated grass harvested from a mixed sward and had a high nitrogen content but poor fermentation characteristics. The silage was fed ad libitum for 98 days either alone or supplemented with 500 g fishmeal or 500 g barley per day. Both fishmeal and barley increased total dry matter intake (P < 0.01) by an amount equivalent to the quantity of supplement offered but had no effect on silage intake (P > 0.05). Steers fed the fishmeal grew substantially faster than either the barley (0.53 kg/day) or unsupplemented (0.54 kg/day) groups (P < 0.01). Fishmeal supplementation resulted in a large reduction (35%) in the amount of feed required per kilogram of gain. Key words: Cattle, grass silage, fishmeal, growth

scholarly journals Maintenance requirement and deposition efficiency of lysine in pigs

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1269-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Speroni Ceron ◽  
Vladimir de Oliveira ◽  
Paulo Alberto Lovatto ◽  
Marcos Martinez do Vale
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Deposition Efficiency ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Maintenance Requirement ◽  
Nitrogen Intake ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Average Body Weight

The objective of this work was to determine the maintenance requirement and the deposition efficiency of lysine in growing pigs. It was used the incomplete changeover experimental design, with replicates over time. Twelve castrated pigs with average body weight (BW) of 52±2 kg were kept in metabolism crates with a controlled temperature of 22ºC. The diets were formulated to supply 30, 50, 60, and 70% of the expected requirements of standardized lysine, and provided at 2.6 times the energy requirements for maintenance. The trial lasted 24 days and was divided into two periods of 12 days: seven days for animal adaptation to the diet and five days for sample collection. The increasing content of lysine in the diet did not affect dry matter intake of the pigs. The amount of nitrogen excreted was 47% of the nitrogen intake, of which 35% was excreted through feces and 65% through urine. The estimated endogenous losses of lysine were 36.4 mg kg-1 BW0.75. The maintenance requirement of lysine for pigs weighing around 50 kg is 40.4 mg kg-1 BW0.75, and the deposition efficiency of lysine is 90%.

Effects of night enclosure and extensive walking on the productivity of zebu cattle

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Adult Weight ◽  
Poor Nutrition

SummaryThe effects of night enclosure and walking 3000 km on growing and breeding cattle were examined over an 8-month period. Walking consisted of an 8 h walk of 40 km every 3rd day and experimental cattle were enclosed each night for 11 h. In addition, all cattle were allowed water once every 3 days. In cattle which both walked and were enclosed, a reduction of nearly 40% in grazing time was recorded. This was associated with a depression of dry-matter intake of only 12%, suggesting an intensification of eating in response to a restriction of grazing time. The overall effects of walking and enclosing on productivity, as determined by adult weight loss, calf and weaner growth, calving percentage and birth weight, were negligible and masked by the greater effects of poor nutrition during the dry season which affected all the animals. It is concluded that the additional energetic requirements for walking are small and this is attributed to adaptation, fitness and a possible depression of metabolic rate. These factors may explain why the observed costs of walking were lower than those reported in the literature.

Aspects of nitrogen utilization in Asiatic water buffalo and Zebu cattle

1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

SUMMARYThe results of 62 comparative digestibility and nitrogen balance trials of Asiatic water buffalo and Zebu cattle fed the same roughage or mixed diet were analysed to test for species differences in various nitrogen input-output relationships. The influence of dietary metabolizable energy content on the utilization of dietary or apparently digested nitrogen (ADN) was also investigated.There was no difference between buffaloes and Zebus in their ability to digest dietary nitrogen. The true nitrogen digestibility was calculated to be 81% and the metabolic faecal nitrogen excretion to be 0·36 g N/lOOg dry-matter intake. The buffaloes had lower rates of excretion of urinary nitrogen per unit increase in ADN, and at the same intake of ADN (143 mg/kg live weight/day), they had the higher nitrogen balance: 58v.48 mg/kg live weight/day. Dietary metabolizable energy content did not affect the utilization of digested nitrogen.Estimates of metabolic faecal nitrogen and endogenous urinary nitrogen excretions and of maintenance requirements for digested nitrogen were similar to those of tropical large ruminants reported by other workers. On low-quality (0·8% N) or medium-quality (1·6% N) diets, it was calculated that buffaloes would have nitrogen balances.

The value of faecal nitrogen and faecal crude fibre in estimating intake of four subtropical grass species

1957 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Milford
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Common Mean ◽  
Faecal Nitrogen

For each four subtropical grasses there is a significant correlation between daily dry matter intake and total nitrogen in faeces per day. The data have been tested for homogeneity under two hypotheses. In the first a test of the difference in slope between the four regression lines showed that they were not statistically different. It was shown that for a common mean value for total faecal nitrogen, the calculated mean daily dry matter intakes of Paspalum commersonii Lam., Urochloa pullulans Stapf, and Chloris gayana Kunth were similar and the relationship for these three could be expressed by one regression line. However, the calculated mean daily dry matter intake for Panicum maximum var. trichoglume (K. Schum.) Eyles was significantly different from those for the other three grasses and P. maximum var. trichoglume cannot be included in a general regression. In the second hypothesis it was shown that all regression lines could pass through the origin. However, as in the first hypothesis, P. commersonii, U. pullulans, and C. gayana could be represented by a common regression line whllst the regression line for P. maximum differed significantly in slope from those of the other three grasses. The results indicate that species can be grouped for this relationship, and that it could be used to measure intake of the free grazing animal on monospecific swards or on mixed swards of species with similar relationships. Lancaster's technique for determining digestibility is discussed in the light of these relationships. Neither percentage faecal nitrogen nor faecal crude fibre was found to be satisfactorily correlated with dry matter digestibility.

Digestibility by ponies of oat straw treated with anhydrous ammonia

1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Slagsvold ◽  
H. F. Hintz ◽  
H. F. Schryver
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Sugarcane Molasses ◽  
Ammonia Treatment ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
Nitrogen Intake ◽  
Oat Straw

ABSTRACTThe digestibility of oat straw treated with anhydrous ammonia was studied in four Shetland-type ponies in a 4×4 Latin square experiment. The experimental diets which contained soya bean oil meal, corn, sugarcane molasses, and 65% straw were: (1) straw treated with anhydrous ammonia, (2) untreated straw, (3) untreated straw plus urea, (4) untreated straw plus soya bean oil meal. Digestibility of the dry matter was 15% greater (P<0·01) and digestibility of cellulose 28% greater (P<0·01) in diets containing ammonia-treated straw than in those containing untreated straw. Ammonia treatment increased the nitrogen content of the straw by 50%, and nitrogen intake was 18% greater when the ponies were fed diet 1 than when fed diet 2. The nitrogen of the treated straw was utilized as efficiently as the nitrogen of the diet containing untreated straw supplemented with soya bean oil meal. However, the amount of nitrogen provided by the diet of ammonia-treated straw was not sufficient for nitrogen balance in the ponies. Ammonia treatment of oat straw did not affect the utilization of Ca, P, or Mg.

Digesta flow studies in sheep fed two mature annual legumes

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 889
Author(s):  
X Li ◽  
RC Kellaway ◽  
RL Ison ◽  
G Annison
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Total N ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Intake ◽  
Trifolium Resupinatum

Mature subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum cv. Junee) and Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum cv. Kyambro) were fed to cannulated sheep. Flow rates of dry matter and nitrogen in the abomasum and ileum were estimated using a double marker method. Contents of hemicellulosic polysaccharides (xylose and mannose monomers) were higher in Kyambro than in Junee. Although Junee contained higher levels of total N and amino acids, the relative concentrations of cystine and methionine were markedly higher in Kyambro. Dry matter intakes and flow rates in the abomasum, ileum and faeces were similar on Kyambro and Junee. Dietary nitrogen intake was lower and endogenous re-cycled nitrogen higher on Kyambro than on Junee. Ileal flow of nitrogen was similar to nitrogen intake on Kyambro. Apparent nitrogen digestibility was lower in the whole tract and higher in the intestines on Kyambro. The higher apparent digestibility of nitrogen in the intestines of sheep eating Kyambro was associated with a greater proportion of nitrogen leaving the stomach coming from endogenous sources. The lower nitrogen digestibility of Kyambro in the whole tract indicated lower digestibility of dietary nitrogen, which was associated with higher contents of xylose and mannose.

Studies on cattle with oesophageal fistulae. The relation of the chemical composition of feed to that of the extruded bolus

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (55) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA Little
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Contents ◽  
Soluble Material ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Matter Basis

Twelve feeds were given to oesophageally-fistulated cattle, and the chemical composition of each was compared with that of bolus material extruded while eating them. The nitrogen contents of the feeds ranged from 0.55 to 3.19 per cent on a dry matter basis. Feeds and complete boluses were dried and analysed for nitrogen, phosphorus, ash and neutral-detergent-soluble material (NDSM). Both nitrogen and NDSM in ingested feed could be reliably estimated by analysis of extruded bolus material ; the relation between feed and bolus nitrogen was slightly more precise when expressed on an organic matter basis, whereas that for material soluble in neutral detergent was closer on a dry matter basis. The phosphorus and ash contents of feeds were substantially and variably elevated by saliva and could not be estimated from analysis of the bolus. The nitrogen content of saliva secreted during rest was found to be significantly affected by dietary nitrogen concentration, but that of saliva secreted during chewing was not ; it is suggested that this explains the relative absence of an effect of salivary contamination on bolus nitrogen.

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