Capsicum frutescens and Citrus limon: a new take on therapy against experimental trichinellosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa Ahmed Mohamed Salama ◽  
Nahed E. Mostafa ◽  
Naglaa Fathy Abd El-Aal ◽  
Eman M. Mostafa ◽  
Samar Kamel Hammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Capsicum Frutescens ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Natural Remedies ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Antiparasitic Agents ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Abstract Trichinellosis is a zoonotic disease that endangers human health and can lead to death. Restricted absorption and poor results of conventional therapies demand new effective natural remedies to treat both enteral and parenteral trichinellosis. This study assessed the antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory effects of Citrus limon and Capsicum frutescens on murine trichinellosis and compared them with those of albendazole and prednisolone, which are conventionally used to treat trichinellosis. Overall, 50 Swiss albino male mice were divided into five groups, with ten mice in each group: negative control, positive control, albendazole combined with prednisolone, C. limon, and C. frutescens. Mice were sacrificed 7 and 35 days after infection, for intestinal and muscular phase analyses. Drug efficacies were parasitologically, biochemically, histopathologically and ultrastructurally assessed. Our results demonstrated the efficacy of C. frutescens and C. limon extracts as antiparasitic agents, showing a substantial decrease in adult and larval counts. Moreover, both extracts had the ability to decrease serum tumour necrosis factor-α levels during the intestinal and muscular phases. In addition to the improved histopathological changes in the small intestine and muscles, the destructive effects on adults and larvae were ultrastructurally evident on transmission electron microscopy. In conclusion, C. frutescens and C. limon extracts are promising remedies for the treatment of experimental trichinellosis, particularly, the C. frutescens extract.

Natural limonoids protect mice from alcohol-induced liver injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abacuc Valansa ◽  
Borris Rosnay Tietcheu Galani ◽  
Pascal Dieudonne Djamen Chuisseu ◽  
Armelle Tontsa Tsamo ◽  
Vincent Brice Ayissi Owona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Better Than

AbstractBackgroundAlcoholic liver disease (ALD) is regarded as a global health problem with limited therapeutic options. Previous studies highlighted some anticancer, antiviral, and hepatoprotective activities of limonoids, but the effects of these compounds on ALD remain unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of some natural limonoids on ethanol-induced liver injury.MethodsThirty-five albino mice (Mus musculus) were administered with 40% ethanol in the presence or absence of the different limonoids [including three havanensin-type limonoids, TS1, TS3, Rubescin D isolated from an African medicinal plant, Trichilia rubescens Oliv. (Meliaceae), and one limonin], or silymarin at 50 mg/kg for 3 days. Thereafter, the effect of the most active compound was evaluated in a chronic model of ALD. For this purpose, 24 mice with each group consisting of six mice were administered orally with 40% ethanol and limonoid at different doses (50, 75, and 100 mg/kg) for 28 days. Finally, biochemical parameters such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), triglyceride (TG), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels were quantified in liver homogenates.ResultsAll tested limonoids significantly (p < 0.01) reduced ALT levels relative to the negative control in the acute model. However, in comparison to other limonoids, limonin at 50 and 75 mg/kg significantly reduced TG, MDA, and TNF-α levels (1.8-fold); alleviated leukocyte infiltration in liver tissue; significantly increased the activity of SOD; and decreased those of CAT better than silymarin used as a positive control at 50 mg/kg.ConclusionsThese data suggest that limonin possesses protective effects on long-term alcohol poisoning partially due to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.

scholarly journals EKSPRESI Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) DAN Transforming growth factors beta (TGF-β) PADA PERIODONTITIS APIKALIS KRONIS AKIBAT INDUKSI Enterococcus faecalis PADA TIKUS WISTAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Richard Fritzgerald ◽  
Cecilia Lunardhi ◽  
Ruslan Effendy ◽  
Tamara Yuanita
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Transforming Growth Factors ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Background. Root canal treatment is a main role in decreasing infection from root canal and pulp. The main cause of periapical damage mostly are bacteries. E.faecalis is a bactery that is found as an etiology of endodontic treatment failure. Cell wall of this bacteria is containing Lipoteichoic acid (LTA). LTA can penetrate into the periradicular tissue, act as endotoxin in host and cause periradicular inflammation then lead to bone destruction. LTA stimulates immunology reaction that produce Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) and Transforming growth factors beta (TGF-ß). TNF-α is a main mediator and also have an important role in inflamation response otherwise TGF-ß is working as a multifunction  regulator of cell growth and differentiation during reforming and remodelling.  Purpose. The aim of this study is to know about the expression of TNF-α and TGF-ß during the periapical tissue damage due to induction of E.faecalis. Method. This study used laboratory experimental with the post test only control group design. A total of 30 male rats were randomly divided into 3 main groups, Group A (control negative) : normal tooth. Group B (control positive) : every tooth was induced only by sterile BHI-b. Group C (treated group) : every tooth  was induced by 10 μl BHI-b E.faecalis ATCC212(106 CFU). The animals were sacrificed 21 days later and prepared for histological examination of tissue damage, then we did the immunohistochemistry  followed by calculation on the light microscope. Result. The analysis revealed that the expression of TNF-α at treated group are higher than negative control and positive control but the expression of  TGF-ß at treated group are higher than the negative control group but lower than positive control. Conclusion. From this study we know that the expression of TNF-α and TGF-ß are changing during the periapical tissue damage that induced by E.faecalis.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK AKAR PASAK BUMI (EURYCOMA LONGIFORA JACK) TERSTANDAR TERHADAP GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGIK TESTIS TIKUS WISTAR

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Condro Suro Miyarso ◽  
Tri Cahyani Widiastuti ◽  
Naelaz Zukhruf Wakhidatul Kiromah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Testosterone Level ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia ◽  
Group I ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia Jack

The root of pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia, Jack) is one of plant from Indonesia known as aphrodisiac. The study about its standardized extract as aphrodisiac was show increasing libido, testosterone level, FSH and LH on male rats. This study was conducted to evaluate testosterone level and histopathological changes of the testes of male rats of standardized extract of pasak bumi root. There are 50 old male rats which ages 3-4 months old divided to five groups. Group I as negative control was administered aquadestilata. Group II as positive control was administered testosterone (Andriol®). Group III, IV and V ware given standardized extract of pasak bumi root at the dose 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight Respectively. The extract was given orally twice a day for six days and forty nine days and then the testes was taken out on 7th and 50th day. The histopathological of the testes was evaluated using quantitative parameter by the presence of testes weight, number and diameter of Leydig cells. Testosterone level was taken on 7th and 50th day used ELISA method. The results were analyzed using parametric test, one way ANOVA (P<0,05), post hoc Dunnet (2-sided) (P < 0,05). The result of this study shows that the standardized extract of pasak bumi root was not effect on histopathological changes of the testes but it could increased the level of testosterone m at the dose 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight.  Key word : Eurycoma longifolia, Jack, aphrodisiac, histopathological testes testosteron

Effect of sweet almond suspension as anti-inflammatory in experimental infected mice with arthritis

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-105
Author(s):  
Lubna A. Kafi
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
The Third ◽  
Incomplete Freund’S Adjuvant ◽  
Test Level ◽  
Sweet Almond

The current study was conduct to determine the effects of oral treatment of sweet Almond Suspension (SAS) on induced arthritis by Incomplete Freund’s Adjuvant (IFA).Seventy mice, with close age and weight were used; they were equally divided in to 7 groups (10 mice per group). The first group served as negative control (non infected – non treated (NINTC). The second group was the positive control (infected non treated, (NINTC) the third and fourth groups were those treated with 1.42 or 2.84 g/kg of SAS respectively. The fifth group was treated with voltarin (ITV), while the sixth and seventh groups were treated with the same closes of SAS but before infection (Prophylactic infected groups, PI1, PI2).The size of knee joint, carrageenan test, level of alkaline phosphatase and histopathological changes in the knee joint used as parameters to compare between groups. The results showed that SAS was able to subside signs of arthritis by decreasing the size of knee and decrease the formation of edema which was induced by injection of carrageenan in the paw of the animal, Histopathological study showed that joints of treated groups by SAS had no signs of arthritis. However, there was slight infiltration of netrophile in treatment and prophylactic group.

scholarly journals Infection withToxoplasma gondiidoes not Alter TNFα and IL-6 Secretion by A human Astrocytoma Cell Line

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Pelloux ◽  
J. Ricard ◽  
M.-F. Nissou ◽  
J.-C. Renversez ◽  
J.-P. Vuillez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phorbol Esters ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Astrocytoma Cell ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Human Astrocytoma ◽  
Interleukin 1Α ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Human Astrocytoma Cell Line ◽  
Human Astrocytoma Cell

The secretion of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin-1α (IL-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by a human astrocytoma cell fine was studied 1 h, 3 h, 6 h and 24 h after infection with tachyzoites from threeToxoplasma gondiistrains (virulent, RH; cystogentc, 76K and Prugniaud strains). The astrocytoma cell fine constitutively secreted TNFα and IL-6, but no IL-1α. A positive control was obtained by stimulation with phorbol esters inducing a significant increase (p<0.05) in TNFα and IL- 6 secretion but not in IL-1α, while lipopolysaccharide (alone and after priming), interferon gamma, ionophore A 23187 and sera positive toT. gondiidid not induce any increase in cytokine levels. None of the tachyzoites, whatever their virulence, induced a significant increase in cytokine production at any time in the study. Tachyzoites did not inhibit the secretion induced by phorbol esters.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS ANTIFUNGI ASAP CAIR DARI TANDAN KOSONG Elaeis guineensis Jacq.TERHADAP Colletotrichum sp. (WA2)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-279
Author(s):  
Elvi Rusmiyanto Pancaning Wardoyo ◽  
Widya Anggraeni ◽  
. Rahmawati ◽  
Hasan Ashari Oramahi
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Capsicum Frutescens ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Wood Vinegar ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis Jacq

Antifungal Activity of Wood Vinegar derived from Oil Palm Empty Bunches against Colletotrichum sp. (WA2) Colletotrichum sp. is a fungus that causes anthracnose in cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.).  An alternative natural control for this fungus is using wood vinegar. The aim of this study was to evaluate antifungal properties of wood vinegar from oil palm empty bunches (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) against Colletotrichum sp. The antifungal test was carried out using the solid dilution method by poisoning food in potato dextrose agar (PDA) media. Colletotrichum sp. used was isolated from red chili which had anthracnose symptoms. This experimental research method used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 9 treatments, namely, negative control (non-liquid smoke), positive control (Dithane M45 at 0.20%), liquid smoke concentration of 0.40; 0.42; 0.44; 0.46; 0.48; 0.50; and 0.52%. Anova test results showed wood vinegar from empty fruit bunches of E. guineensis at concentrations of 0.40; 0.42; 0.44; 0.46 and 0.48% differed significantly from negative control, positive control, and concentrations of 0.50 and 0.52%. The concentration of 0.42% was the minimum inhibitory concentration with an average value of 87.98% inhibition and a very strong activity level. In conclusion, the wood vinegar from E. guineensis can be used to control Colletotrichum sp fungus at an effective concentration of 0.42%. Colletotrichum sp. merupakan jamur penyebab penyakit antraknosa pada tanaman cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.). Salah satu alternatif pengendalian secara alami terhadap jamur tersebut adalah dengan menggunakan asap cair. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi sifat antijamur asap cair dari tandan kosong Elaeis guineensis Jacq (kelapa sawit) terhadap Colletotrichum sp. Uji antijamur dilakukan dengan metode dilusi padat melalui cara poisoning food dalam media potato dextrose agar (PDA). Isolat jamur Colletotrichum sp. yang digunakan merupakan hasil isolasi dari tanaman cabe merah yang bergejala antraknosa. Metode penelitian ini mengunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 9 perlakuan, yaitu kontrol negatif (tanpa asap cair), kontrol positif (Dithane M45 sebesar 0,20%), konsentrasi asap cair sebesar 0,40; 0,42; 0,44; 0,46; 0,48; 0,50; dan 0,52%. Hasil uji Anova menunjukkan asap cair dari tandan kosong E. guineensis pada konsentrasi 0,40; 0,42; 0,44; 0,46; dan 0,48% berbeda secara signifikan dengan kontrol negatif, kontrol positif dan konsentrasi 0,50 dan 0,52%. Konsentrasi 0,42% merupakan konsentrasi hambat minimum dengan nilai rata-rata penghambatan sebesar 87,98% dan tingkat aktivitas sangat kuat. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa asap cair dari tandan kosong E. guineensis dapat digunakan untuk mengendalikan jamur Colletotrichum sp. pada konsentrasi efektif 0,42%.

scholarly journals Assessment of Nephroprotective Potential of Ethanolic Extract Premna Tomentosa (Ept) in Alcohol Toxicity in Male Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 3099-3103
Author(s):  
Gomathi Priyadharsini T ◽  
Kavimani M ◽  
Sathiya Narayana Murthy S ◽  
Prabhu K ◽  
Arudyuti Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Histopathological Changes

The nephroprotective prospective of Premna tomentosa extract against Alcohol induced nephrotoxicity in rats was investigated in the present study. The characterization of ethanol extract of Premna tomentosa (EPT) was performed using standard phytochemical analysis. Male albino wistar rats 36 in numbers were divided into 6 groups including control, negative control, positive control and various doses of EPT Treated groups; Nephrotoxicity was induced by alcohol (1ml/100gm b.wt) in animals. Rats intoxicated with Alcohol were fed with 500, 750 mg/kg dose of EPT and Liv 52 (1ml/100gm b.wt) for 60 days. Results show that EPT (500mg/kg b.wt) had a significant effect against alcohol induced nephrotoxicity in rats than EPT (750mg/kg b.wt) in blood parameters and consonantly good histopathological changes in kidney. The deleterious histopathological alterations in kidney associated with glomerular and tubular changes in alcohol intoxicated rats was evident. This result shows Premna tomentosa may be used as supplementary drug for alcoholics.

scholarly journals In Vitro Test on the Effectiveness of Citrus limon and Allium sativum as Pediculicides

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Elva Susanty ◽  
Suri Dwi Lesmana ◽  
Dedi Afandi ◽  
Ragil Yulianto ◽  
Kevin Rovi Andhika
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Pediculus Humanus ◽  
The One ◽  
One Way Anova

<p>Excessive usage of synthetic pediculicides, such as permethrin, lindane, and malathion, can induce resistance, environmental pollution, health problems, and even death. Efforts to prevent the side-effects of synthetic pediculicides are needed, one of which is by shifting to powerful yet safe natural pediculicides, such as Citrus limon (lemon) and Allium sativum (garlic). This study aimed to observe the effective concentration of Citrus limon and Allium sativum in vitro on the mortality of Pediculus humanus capitis (P. h. capitis). This research was an experimental laboratory study conducted in July to September 2019 in the Laboratory of Parasitology at Faculty of Medicine, University of Riau, while the making of Allium sativum extract was done at the Faculty of Mathematics and Science, University of Riau. A total of 288 samples of adult P. h. capitis was taken from children in two orphanages in Pekanbaru. Citrus limon juice and Allium sativum extract of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations, permethrin 1% as the positive control, and distilled water as the negative control were used in this study, and repetition was done three times. P. h. capitis mortality was observed every 10 - 120 minutes, characterized by the absence of movement of the legs and antenna. Data analysis was performed after 120 minutes with the one-way ANOVA test, LSD (=0.05), and Lethal Concentration 50 test (LC50). The one-way ANOVA test results of this study showed that statistically Citrus limon juice and Allium sativum extracts showed differences in each treatment formulation of juice on P. h. capitis mortality (Sig 0.017&lt;0.05 and Sig 0.000&lt;0.05) and LC50 juice of Citrus limon and Allium sativum extract by 51.999% and 72.426%. In this study, Citrus limon juice and Allium sativum extract had effect as pediculicides.</p>

scholarly journals Anti-plasmodial Effect of C. limon and C. paradisi extracts on Plasmodium berghei-infected mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 026-033
Author(s):  
Michael Okpara Elom ◽  
Anthony Gideon Uche ◽  
Boniface Nwofoke Ukwah ◽  
Victor Udoh Usanga ◽  
Anthonia Ifeoma Okpara-Elom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Parasite Clearance ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference

Antiplasmodial effect of Citrus limon and Citrus paradisi extracts on Plasmodium berghei-infected mice was studied. Twenty five albino mice were randomized into five categories of G, L, GL, ACT (positive control) and NC which stand for grape, lemon, grape and lemon combined extracts, artemisinin combined therapy and negative control respectively. The NC group did not receive any intervention. Other treatments were administered orally for 12 days whereas administration of ACT lasted for 3 days. Blood was collected from the tail vein of the mice at a three day interval through venipuncture. Thick blood films were prepared and parasite densities were estimated using standard parasitological techniques. Results were analysed with ANOVA and Duncan multiple range tests. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between parasite densities of the treatment groups and the negative control at baseline levels. However, as the treatment progressed from day 3 through day 9, there were significant reductions (p<0.05) in parasite densities among treatment groups when compared to the negative control. In this study, extracts of C. limon and C. paradisi in both single and combined strengths have been found to have antiplasmodial properties in mice. ACT possessed the highest antiplasmodial effect while C. limon as a single treatment ranked second in possession of antiplasmodial activity but exhibited increased RBC lysis. In combination, C. limoni and C. paradise extracts showed antiplasmodial activity that is slightly less than that exhibited by the lemon extract alone, but maintained normal RBC morphology whereas C. paradisi extract alone exhibited the lowest level of parasite clearance with atrophied red blood cells. Investigation of the effects of the extracts on liver, kidney and gastrointestinal tissues of mice is recommended before they could be prescribed as antimalaria for other animals and humans.

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