Anti-plasmodial Effect of C. limon and C. paradisi extracts on Plasmodium berghei-infected mice

Antiplasmodial effect of Citrus limon and Citrus paradisi extracts on Plasmodium berghei-infected mice was studied. Twenty five albino mice were randomized into five categories of G, L, GL, ACT (positive control) and NC which stand for grape, lemon, grape and lemon combined extracts, artemisinin combined therapy and negative control respectively. The NC group did not receive any intervention. Other treatments were administered orally for 12 days whereas administration of ACT lasted for 3 days. Blood was collected from the tail vein of the mice at a three day interval through venipuncture. Thick blood films were prepared and parasite densities were estimated using standard parasitological techniques. Results were analysed with ANOVA and Duncan multiple range tests. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between parasite densities of the treatment groups and the negative control at baseline levels. However, as the treatment progressed from day 3 through day 9, there were significant reductions (p<0.05) in parasite densities among treatment groups when compared to the negative control. In this study, extracts of C. limon and C. paradisi in both single and combined strengths have been found to have antiplasmodial properties in mice. ACT possessed the highest antiplasmodial effect while C. limon as a single treatment ranked second in possession of antiplasmodial activity but exhibited increased RBC lysis. In combination, C. limoni and C. paradise extracts showed antiplasmodial activity that is slightly less than that exhibited by the lemon extract alone, but maintained normal RBC morphology whereas C. paradisi extract alone exhibited the lowest level of parasite clearance with atrophied red blood cells. Investigation of the effects of the extracts on liver, kidney and gastrointestinal tissues of mice is recommended before they could be prescribed as antimalaria for other animals and humans.

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In-vivo Antiplasmodial Effect of Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine-Nitrofurantoin on Plasmodium berghei- Infected Mice

Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.9734/jamps/2021/v23i930256 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 12-20

Author(s):

Udeme O. Georgewill ◽

Festus Azibanigha Joseph ◽

Elias Adikwu

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Antiplasmodial Activity ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Tract Infections

Nitrofurantoin (NT) used for the treatment of urinary tract infections may have antiplasmodial activity. Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) is an artemisinin based combination therapy used for the treatment of malaria. This study evaluated the antiplasmodial effect of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine-nitrofurantoin (DP-NT) on mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Adult Swiss albino mice (30-35 g) of both sexes were used. The mice were randomly grouped, inoculated with Plasmodium berghei, and treated orally with DP (1.7/13.7 mg/kg), NT (57.1 mg/kg) and DP-NT (1.71/13.7/ 57.1 mg/kg), respectively using curative, prophylactic and suppressive tests. The negative control was orally treated with normal saline (0.3 mL), while the positive control was orally treated with chloroquine CQ (10mg/kg). After treatment, blood samples were collected and evaluated for percentage parasitemia, inhibitions and hematological parameters. Liver samples were evaluated for histological changes. The mice were observed for mean survival time (MST). Treatment with DP-NT decreased parasitemia levels when compared to individual doses of DP and NT with significant difference observed at p<0.05. DP-NT prolonged MST when compared to individual doses of DP and NT with significant difference observed at p<0.05. The decrease in packed cell volume, red blood cells, hemoglobin and increase in white blood cells in parasitized mice were significantly restored by DP-NT when compared to individual doses of DP and NT with difference observed at p<0.05. DP-NT eradicated liver Plasmodium parasite. NT remarkably increased the antiplasmodial activity of DP. DP-NT may be used for the treatment of malaria.

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Effects of Powdered Stem Bark of Terminalia avicennioides Made as Dietary Feed Fed to Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei, on Liver Function

Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ◽

10.9734/ajbgmb/2019/v2i430066 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Afolabi Owoloye ◽

Olusegun Matthew Akanbi ◽

Oluwafemi Shittu Bakare

Keyword(s):

Liver Function ◽

Normal Control ◽

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Antiplasmodial Activity ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the antiplasmodial activity and effect of stem bark of Terminalia avicennioides made as dietary feed fed to mice infected with Plasmodium berghei, on some serum biochemistry. Methodology: Twenty (20) mice were divided into four groups. Group 1 was not infected with Plasmodium berghei (normal control), Group 2 was infected with P. berghei but not treated (negative control). Group 3 was infected and treated with 5.0 mg/kg of Arthemeter-Lumefantrine (positive control). Groups 4 was infected and fed with treated feed (T. avicennioides). Treatments were carried out for five days. Blood was taken daily from the tail of the mice before treatment for the assessment of parasitaemia. The animals were sacrificed on the fifth day and the whole blood was collected into EDTA bottle. Serum obtained was used to assay for biochemical parameters. Results: Parasitaemia count was significantly lower (p<0.05) in all the treated groups when compared with the negative control group. The high-density lipoprotein was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the normal control (123.14±3.19) when compared with the positive control (99.18±2.76), negative control (85.29±0.85) and the group treated with T avicennioides (86.14±3.21). The serum alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase level in the group treated with T. avicennioides (167.90±4.13, 15.87±1.32 and 17.50±1.95) respectively were significantly reduced (p<0.05) when compared with the negative control (197.25±5.44, 20.01±1.32 and 26.71±0.45) respectively. The mean bilirubin and albumin level in the negative control showed no significant difference when compared with the group fed with T. avicennioides. Conclusion: The study concluded that T. avicennioides have antiplasmodial activity with a mild adverse effect on liver function.

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UJI EFEK ANALGESIK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KERSEN (Muntingia calabura L.) PADA MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN (Mus musculus) DENGAN INDUKSI NYERI ASAM ASETAT

Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung ◽

10.51352/jim.v2i2.59 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 147

Author(s):

Triswanto Sentat ◽

Susiyanto Pangestu

Keyword(s):

Analgesic Effect ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Analgesic Effects ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Analgesic Dose ◽

Muntingia Calabura

Kersen leaf (Muntingia calabura L.) contains tannins, flavonoids and polyphenol compounds allegedly have analgesic effect. The objective was to determine the analgesic effect of ethanol extract of kersen leaves and to determine the most effective analgesic dose. This study was an experimental research. Leaves were extracted with ethanol 70% and the analgesic effect test was divided into 5 groups: negative control treatment (distilled water), positive control (mefenamic acid 2.6mg/kg), kersen leaf ethanol extract first dose (100mg/kg), second dose (200mg/kg) and tthird dose (400mg/kg). Giving treatments by oral, after 30 minutes, the mices were given a pain inductor with 0.5% acetic acid by intra peritonial administration. Analgesic power was calculated by counting the number of writhing in mice for 1 hour. The results showed that the ethanol extract of cherry leaf has analgesic effect. From the calculation of the first dose analgesic power (42.9%), second dose (59.4%) and the third dose 69.9%. Statistical test results kruskal wallis value of p=0.011 (p<0.05) showed a significant difference between all analgesic treatment groups. The conclusion of this study is all of the ethanol extract had analgesic effects on male white mice, whereas a dose of 400mg/kg is the most effective analgesic dose.

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Combination of Calotropis gigantea Radix Extract and Artemisin as an Antimalarial Agent Against Plasmodium berghei

Journal of Islamic Pharmacy ◽

10.18860/jip.v1i1.3456 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 12

Author(s):

Roihatul Muti’ah ◽

Elok Kamilah Hayati ◽

Asnal Fatati

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Antimalarial Activity ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Calotropis Gigantea ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Tukey Test ◽

Bioactive Component ◽

Phytochemical Compounds

Calotropis gigantea radix is one of plant which has bioactive component as antimalarial.The purpose of this research are to know antimalarial activity from combination of Calotropis gigantea radix extract and artemisin. The research consist of extraction of Calotropis gigantea radix was done with extraction maseration method. Extraction was performed by maseration with 80% ethanol solvent. Concentrated extract was in vivo antimalarial tested to animal model. Mice were peritoneal infected with 106Plasmodium berghei ANKA and divided into 5 treatment groups: negative control; positive control (artemisin of dose 4 mg/kgBW); combination of artemisin(1/4 dose of artemisin standar) and Calotropis giganteain 3 doses: 0,1 mg/KgBW; 1 mg/KgBWand 10 mg/KgBW. Data of inhibition was analyzed using SPSS program with Two Way ANOVA Test dan continued with Tukey Test.The result shows that combination of Calotropis gigantea radix extract and artemisin with dose 10 mg/KgBB has higher antimalarial activity than control positive (artemisin). The value of parasite inhibition is 55,2% for dose 0.1 mg/KgBW ; 72,8% for dose 1 mg/KgBW ; 87,3% for dose 10 mg/KgBW and 56,06 mg/KgBW for control positive (artemisin). The phytochemical compounds in 80% ethanol solvent extract are tannins and steroids.<div> Keywords: Calotropis gigantea,antimalaria, combination, artemisin, Plasmodium berghei</div>

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2. Anti-Bacterial Activity Of N-Hexane Extract Of Malacca Leave (Phyllanthus emblica) On Mice (Mus musculus) Inoculated By Staphylococcus epidermidis In Vivo

Jurnal Medika Veterinaria ◽

10.21157/j.med.vet..v15i1.19840 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nada Sarah Syahputri ◽

Nuzul Asmilia ◽

Rinidar Rinidar ◽

Amalia Sutriana ◽

Fakhrurrazi Fakhrurrazi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Hexane Extract ◽

Phyllanthus Emblica ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Treatment Data ◽

The Mean

Malacca plant (Phyllanthus emblica) is one of the medicinal plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of n-hexane extract of Malacca (Phyllanthus emblica) leaves on the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria in vivo. All mice were first induced by Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. Negative control (K1) was given aquadest, positive control (K2) was given ciproflaxacin suspension at doses of 20 mg/kg BW, while K3, K4, and K5 were given n-hexane extract of Malacca leave at dose of 100 mg/kg BW, 200 mg/kg BW, and 300 mg/kg BW. Respectively blood sampling was carried out on the 5th day after treatment. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the mean (± SD) number of bacterial colonies in K1 was 656x10² cfu/ml. The average number of bacterial colonies in K2 was 2328x10² cfu/ml. The average number of bacterial colonies given n-hexane extract of malacca leave 100 mg/kg BW on K3 was 359,60x10² cfu/ml. The average number of bacterial colonies given n-hexane extract of malacca leave 200 mg/kg BW at K4 was 200x10² cfu/ml and the average number of bacterial colonies given n-hexane extract of malacca leave 300 mg/kg BW at K5 was 3483x10² cfu/ml. The results showed there were no significant difference among treatment groups (P 0.05). N-hexane extract of malacca leave was unable to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria in vivo

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The enhancement of Arg1 and activated ERβ expression in microglia HMC3 by induction of 96% ethanol extract of Marsilea crenata Presl. leaves

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0284 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Burhan Ma’arif ◽

Mangestuti Agil ◽

Hening Laswati

Keyword(s):

Laser Scanning ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Scanning Microscope ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Arginase 1 ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ifn Γ

AbstractBackgroundPhytoestrogens have a high potential to overcome the neuroinflammation caused by estrogen deficiency. Marsilea crenata Presl. is a plant known to contain phytoestrogens. This research aimed to report the activity of a 96% ethanol extract of M. crenata leaves in inducing activation of microglia HMC3 cell to M2 polarity, which has anti-inflammatory characteristics.MethodsThe study was done by culturing microglia HMC3 cell in 24-well microplate and inducing it with IFN-γ for 24 h to activate the cell to M1 polarity, which has proinflammatory characteristics. The 96% ethanol extract was added with various doses of 62.5, 125, and 250 ppm. Genistein, 50 μM, was used as a positive control. The analysis of the immunofluorescence of Arginase-1 (Arg1) and ERβ as markers was done using a convocal laser scanning microscope.ResultsThe result of Arg1 shows a significant difference in Arg1 expression in the microglia HMC3 cell line between the negative control and all treatment groups at p < 0.05, with the best result at 250 ppm, whereas for ERβ, the results show, at doses of 125 and 250 ppm, that the 96% ethanol extract of M. crenata leaves decrease the activated ERβ expression at p < 0.05, with the best result at 250 ppm. The Arg1 and activated ERβ expression have a weak negative relationship with the Pearson correlation test.ConclusionsThe 96% ethanol extract of M. crenata leaves has an antineuroinflammation activity through the induction of Arg1 and activated ERβ expression in microglia HMC3 cell, with the best dose at 250 ppm.

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14. The Potency of Sernai (Wedelia biflora) Leaf N-hexan Extract as Analgesic Compared to Ibuprofen on Mice (Mus musculus)

Jurnal Medika Veterinaria ◽

10.21157/j.med.vet..v12i2.4144 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 84-90

Author(s):

Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini ◽

Rinidar Rinidar ◽

Rosmaidar Rosmaidar ◽

T. Armansyah TR ◽

Abdul Harris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Male Mice ◽

Hot Plate ◽

Plate Method ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Plot Design ◽

Leaf N

This study aimed to determine the analgesic potential of sernai leaves n-Hexan extract on 24 male mice, aged 2-3 month with 20-25 g weighed. This study used split-plot design consisted of 6 groups. P0 as negative control was given aquades and P1 as positive control was given ibuprofen (10 mg/kg Body Weight). Treatment groups including P2, P3, P4, and P5 were given n-Hexan extract of sernai leaves with dosage of 15, 30, 45, and 60 mg/kgBW, respectively. Pain assessment was conducted using Hot Plate method. Observation of mice behaviour including licking it's front and back leg, or by jumping. This study showed there was significant difference (P0,05) between dosage and time. Duncan’s test showed P1 was significantly different (P0,05) from P2, but P3 and P5 were not significantly different from P1. P3 and P4 were significantly different (P0,05) from P2 and not significantly different from P1, while P5 was not significantly different from P3 and significantly different from P1. We can conclude that dosage of 30 and 45 mg/kgBW of n-Hexan extract of sernai leaves had analgesic potential on mice, and 60 mg/kgBW was comparable to ibuprofen as pain relieve in mice

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A Phase II Pilot Trial to Evaluate CoBaT-Y017 Safety and Efficacy against Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria versus Artemether-Lumefantrine in Benin Subjects

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/8715021 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Adrien N. Noudjiegbe ◽

Femi N. Alikekere ◽

Henri Tchehouenou ◽

Yéman Langa ◽

Daniel S. Ota ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phase Ii ◽

Pilot Trial ◽

Vital Signs ◽

Safety Evaluation ◽

Parasite Clearance ◽

Positive Control ◽

Phase I Clinical Trials ◽

Good Tolerability ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Significant Difference

Background. Considering the promising results of Phase I clinical trials with herbal medicine CoBaT-Y017, a Phase II study was conducted with Plasmodium falciparum malaria-infected patients, for efficacy and safety evaluation of CoBaT-Y017 compared with Artemether-Lumefantrine used as a positive control. Methods. A single-blind randomized trial was conducted on 25 eligible males aged 18–40 years randomly assigned to two treatment groups: CoBaT-Y017 or Artemether-Lumefantrine. The first group received 35 ml of CoBaT-Y017 in 1.5 L mineral water administered daily for four consecutive days; the second group received oral Artemether-Lumefantrine, using WHO-recommended therapeutic dose regimens. For both drugs, efficacy for parasite clearance and safety were evaluated clinically, haematologically, and biochemically on days 1–4, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Clinical- and laboratory-adverse events (AEs) were recorded until day 28. Results. 13 and 12 patients were randomized into CoBaT-Y017 arm and Artemether-Lumefantrine arm, respectively. In all patients, parasitaemia was adequately neutralized with CoBaT-Y017 group patients’ parasite clearance lagging slightly behind that of Artemether-Lumefantrine’s group, but without a statistically significant difference (HR = 1.08, 95% CI 0.47–2.51, P=0.85). Physical and laboratory examinations did not show any significant changes in vital signs, biochemical, and haematological parameters. In the Artemether-Lumefantrine arm, 100% (12/12) of patients experienced, at least, one adverse event versus 61.5% (8/13) in the CoBaT-Y017 arm. Conclusion. CoBaT-Y017 exhibited similar antimalarial efficacy against P. falciparum to that of Artemether-Lumefantrine, with good tolerability and safety.

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Effect of Curcuma Xanthorriza Roxb Extract on Hemozoin Pigment Deposition In The Liver Tissue Of BALB /C Mice Infected With Plasmodium berghei ANKA

Indonesian Journal of Medical Sciences and Public Health ◽

10.11594/ijmp.01.01.05 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 28-33

Author(s):

Prawesty Utami ◽

Irmawati Dikwan ◽

Ali Wibowo

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Liver Tissue ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Plasmodium Berghei Anka ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Hepatocellular Damage ◽

Significant Difference

Hepatocellular damage is one of the histopathologic features of malaria infection. The presence of large amounts of hemozoin pigment in the liver is associated with hepatocellular damage. Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb / curcumin as an anti-inflammatory and natural antioxidant which has a hepatoprotector function. The purpose of these study was to determine the effect of curcuma rhizome (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) extract on hemozoin pigment in the liver tissue of BALB/C mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA/ PbA. Method: using 25 groups of BALB/C mice, divided into 5 groups: negative control group; positive control group and 4 treatment groups infected with PbA with extract dose of 150 mg / KgBW, 100 mg / KgBW, and 50 mg / KgBW for four days. On the fifth day the observation of liver tissue to determine deposition of hemozoin pigments by histopathological examination. Results: Statistical analysis showed that descriptively there was a decrease in hemozoin pigment in the liver tissue of mice (150 mg / KgBW extract dose decreased the most hemozoin pigment compared to other doses), but there was no statistically significant difference between the treatment groups with positive controls (p> 0.05). Conclusions: The administration of curcuma extract (Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb) has the potential to reduce the deposition of hemozoin pigment in liver tissue in BALB/C mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA although statistically it is not significant.

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The Use of Torbangun Leaf Powder (Coleus amboinicus L) in Increasing Prolactin in Breastfeedings Wistar Rats and Bodyweight of the Litters

Journal Of Medicine & Health ◽

10.28932/jmh.v3i1.3145 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 26-33

Author(s):

Stella T Hasianna ◽

July Ivone ◽

Sifa D Shinta ◽

R Zahra Nadhira

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Breast Milk Production ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Leaf Powder ◽

Coleus Amboinicus

Research on local herbs that have the effect of increasing breast milk production isneeded to help mothers with insufficient breastmilk. This research was conducted to determinethe effect of torbangun (Coleus amboinicus L) leaf powder in increasing prolactin inbreastfeeding Wistar rats and the bodyweight of the litters. Thirty breastfeeding Wistar rats weredivided into 5 groups with 5 litters each. The treatments given were 108 mg, 216 mg, and 432 mgtorbangun leaf powder (TLP), with domperidone as the positive control, and CMC 10% as thenegative control. The treatment was given 3 times/day for 14 days. Tukey's HSD means testshowed a significant difference in prolactin levels between the negative control (NC), TLP1, andTLP2 groups and the TLP3 and positive control (PC) groups with all of them having p = 0.000.There was no difference in the increase in body weight of litters between treatment groups (p =0.866). In conclusion, torbangun leaves increase the prolactin levels in breastfeeding rats buthave no difference in the increase in body weight of litters between treatment groups. Keywords: torbangun leaves; prolactin; bodyweight; breastfeeding

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