Testing the correlation between norstictic acid content and species evolution in the Cetraria aculeata group in Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana LUTSAK ◽  
Fernando FERNÁNDEZ-MENDOZA ◽  
Olga NADYEINA ◽  
Ayhan ŞENKARDEŞLER ◽  
Christian PRINTZEN
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Lichenized Ascomycetes ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Status ◽  
Genetic Clusters

AbstractMost lichen-forming fungi are characterized by the production of secondary metabolites. Differences in metabolite patterns have frequently served to distinguish lichen taxa with subsequent controversies about the rank of chemical variants (chemotype, variety, subspecies or species). Using a model system, we investigate whether production of norstictic acid within a group of lichenized ascomycetes is correlated with phylogenetic patterns, population differentiation or single and multi-locus haplotypes. Our study is based on DNA sequences of three gene loci (ITS, GPD, mtLSU) together with HPLC (311) and TLC (594) data from a total of 594 samples of three closely related fruticose lichens: Cetraria aculeata and C. muricata without norstictic acid, and C. steppae with norstictic acid. In nature, C. aculeata and C. steppae often occur together and the status of C. steppae as a separate species has been questioned. Our results show geographical but no phylogenetic structure of norstictic acid production and few significant associations between genetic clusters and the occurrence of norstictic acid. All frequently distributed haplotypes display differences in norstictic acid content. The few associations at the population level are most likely a by-product of spatial genetic structure, because norstictic acid was expressed only in individuals from the Mediterranean-Central Asian part of the study area. We conclude that the production of norstictic acid in the C. aculeata group is most likely triggered by the environment (climate, edaphic factors, associated symbionts). Cetraria steppae might be a different evolutionary lineage restricted to warm temperate regions but it is not uniquely characterized by the presence of norstictic acid.

A preliminary assessment of genetic divergence and distribution of Malagasy cave fish in the genus Typhleotris (Teleostei: Milyeringidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4378 (3) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIGUEL VENCES ◽  
JEAN R. RASOLOARINIAINA ◽  
JANA C. RIEMANN
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Cave Fish ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Southern Group ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
The Status

The genus Typhleotris contains three poorly known blind fish species, inhabiting aquifers in the limestone plateau of south-western Madagascar. Until recently these species were known from only few localities, and their pattern of genetic differentiation remains poorly studied. In this study we analyse 122 Typhleotris tissue samples collected from 12 localities, spanning the entire known range of the genus, and use DNA sequences to assign these samples to the three species known. The phylogeny based on the mitochondrial marker cox1 revealed three main clades corresponding to the three species: Typhleotris madagascariensis, T. mararybe and T. pauliani, differing by uncorrected pairwise sequence divergences of 6.3-9.8%. The distribution ranges of the three species overlapped widely: T. mararybe was collected only in a southern group of localities, T. madagascariensis was found in both the southern and the central group of localities, and T. pauliani occurred from the northernmost site to the southern group of localities; yet the three species did not share haplotypes in two nuclear genes, except for three individuals that we hypothesize are hybrids of T. pauliani with T. madagascariensis and T. mararybe. This pattern of concordant mitochondrial and nuclear divergence despite sympatry strongly supports the status of all three taxa as separate species. Phylogeographic structure was obvious in T. madagascariensis, with two separate shallow mitochondrial clades occupying (1) the central vs. (2) the southern group of populations, and in T. pauliani, with separate mitochondrial clades for (1) the northern vs. (2) the central/southern populations. The widespread occurrence of these three cave fish species suggests that the aquifers in south-western Madagascar have at least in the past allowed episodic dispersal and gene flow of subterraneous organisms, whereas the phylogeographic pattern of T. madagascariensis and T. pauliani provides evidence for isolation and loss of connectivity in the more recent past. 

Taxonomy of rock-wallabies, Petrogale (Marsupialia: Macropodidae). IV. Multifaceted study of the brachyotis group identifies additional taxa

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Potter ◽  
Robert L. Close ◽  
David A. Taggart ◽  
Steven J. B. Cooper ◽  
Mark D. B. Eldridge
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
True Diversity

Defining taxonomic units is an important component of understanding how biodiversity has formed, and in guiding efforts to sustain it. Understanding patterns of biodiversity across the monsoonal tropics of northern Australia is limited, with molecular technology revealing deep phylogenetic structure and complex evolutionary histories. The brachyotis group of rock-wallabies (Petrogale spp.), which currently consists of three species (Petrogale brachyotis, P. burbidgei and P. concinna) distributed across north-western Australia, provides an example where current taxonomy does not reflect the true diversity or phylogenetic relationships within the group. We have used an integrative approach, combining morphological data, together with DNA sequences (~1000 bp mitochondrial DNA; ~3000 bp nuclear DNA) to resolve relationships within P. brachyotis. Phylogenetic and morphological analyses indicated that P. brachyotis (sensu lato) represents at least two separate species: P. brachyotis (sensu stricto) from the Kimberley and western Northern Territory, and P. wilkinsi from the northern and eastern Northern Territory. Petrogale brachyotis (sensu stricto) can be separated on genetic and morphological evidence into two subspecies: P. b. brachyotis and P. b. victoriae (subsp. nov.). Distinct genetic lineages have also been identified within both P. brachyotis and P. wilkinsi, as well as within P. burbidgei and P. concinna.

Lespedeza hengduanshanensis comb. & stat. nov. (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae: Desmodieae) from the Hengduan Mountains of SW China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 202 (2) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Xu ◽  
Xin-Fen Gao ◽  
Libing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Hengduan Mountains ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Sw China ◽  
The Status

Lespedeza fasciculiflora Franchet is currently divided into two varieties, var. fasciculiflora and var. hengduanshanensis C.J. Chen. A detailed comparison of the plants from wild populations and specimens of the two varieties revealed that var. hengduanshanensis was sufficiently distinct from var. fasciculiflora to be recognized as a separate species. Our phylogenetic analysis based on DNA sequences, moreover, showed that the two varieties are not even closely related. We therefore here elevate the status of L. fasciculiflora var. hengduanshanensis to species L. hengduanshanensis (C.J. Chen) B. Xu, X.F. Gao & Li Bing Zhang, comb. & stat. nov..

scholarly journals Metabolomics and DNA-Based Authentication of Two Traditional Asian Medicinal and Aromatic Species of Salvia subg. Perovskia

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Monika Bielecka ◽  
Bartosz Pencakowski ◽  
Marta Stafiniak ◽  
Klemens Jakubowski ◽  
Mehdi Rahimmalek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Carnosic Acid ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Metabolomic Analysis ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Aromatic Species

Subgenus Perovskia of the extended genus of Salvia comprises several Central Asian medicinal and aromatic species, of which S. yangii and S. abrotanoides are the most widespread. These plants are cultivated in Europe as robust ornamentals, and several cultivars are available. However, their medicinal potential remains underutilized because of limited information about their phytochemical and genetic diversity. Thus, we combined an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) based metabolomics with DNA barcoding approach based on trnH-psbA and ITS2 barcodes to clarify the relationships between these two taxa. Metabolomic analysis demonstrated that aerial parts are more similar than roots and none of the major compounds stand out as distinct. Sugiol in S. yangii leaves and carnosic acid quinone in S. abrotanoides were mostly responsible for their chemical differentiation, whereas in roots the distinction was supported by the presence of five norditerpenoids in S. yangii and two flavonoids and one norditerpenoid in S. abrotanoides. To verify the metabolomics-based differentiation, we performed DNA authentication that revealed S. yangii and S. abrotanoides to be very closely related but separate species. We demonstrated that DNA barcoding coupled with parallel LC-MS profiling constitutes a powerful tool in identification of taxonomically close Salvia species.

scholarly journals Bioinvasions of the Medfly Ceratitis capitata: Source Estimation Using DNA Sequences at Multiple Intron Loci

Genetics ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Davies ◽  
Francis X Villablanca ◽  
George K Roderick
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
The Status ◽  
Considerable Controversy ◽  
Source Populations ◽  
Traditional Population

Abstract The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, is a devastating agricultural pest that threatens to become established in vulnerable areas such as California and Florida. Considerable controversy surrounds the status of Californian medfly infestations: Do they represent repeated introductions or the persistence of a resident population? Attempts to resolve this question using traditional population genetic markers and statistical methods are problematic because the most likely source populations in Latin America were themselves only recently colonized and are genetically very similar. Here, significant population structure among several New World medfly populations is demonstrated through the analysis of DNA sequence variation at four intron loci. Surprisingly, in these newly founded populations, estimates of population structure increase when measures of subdivision take into account the relatedness of alleles as well as their frequency. A nonequilibrium, likelihood-based statistical test that utilizes multilocus genotypes suggests that the sole medfly captured in California during 1996 was introduced from Latin America and was less likely to be a remnant of an ancestral Californian population. Many bioinvasions are hierarchical in nature, consisting of several sequential or overlapping invasion events, the totality of which can be termed a metainvasion. Phylogenetic data from multilocus DNA sequences will be vital to understanding the evolutionary and ecological processes that underlie metainvasions and to resolving their constituent levels.

scholarly journals The Influence of a Seedling Recruitment Strategy and a Clonal Architecture on a Spatial Genetic Structure of a Salvia brachyodon (Lamiaceae) Population

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 828
Author(s):  
Ivan Radosavljević ◽  
Oleg Antonić ◽  
Dario Hruševar ◽  
Josip Križan ◽  
Zlatko Satovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Recruitment Strategy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clonal Architecture ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Spatial Genetic Analysis

By performing a high-resolution spatial-genetic analysis of a partially clonal Salvia brachyodon population, we elucidated its clonal architecture and seedling recruitment strategy. The sampling of the entire population was based on a 1 × 1 m grid and each sampled individual was genotyped. Population-genetic statistics were combined with geospatial analyses. On the population level, the presence of both sexual and clonal reproduction and repeated seedling recruitment as the prevailing strategy of new genets establishment were confirmed. On the patch level, a phalanx clonal architecture was detected. A significant negative correlation between patches’ sizes and genotypic richness was observed as young plants were not identified within existing patches of large genets but almost exclusively in surrounding areas. The erosion of the genetic variability of older patches is likely caused by the inter-genet competition and resulting selection or by a random die-off of individual genets accompanied by the absence of new seedlings establishment. This study contributes to our understanding of how clonal architecture and seedling recruitment strategies can shape the spatial-genetic structure of a partially clonal population and lays the foundation for the future research of the influence of the population’s clonal organization on its sexual reproduction.

scholarly journals COMPARING VITAMIN D STATUS IN CENTRAL ASIA AND NORTHERN EUROPE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
William B. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Status ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Tract Infections

Over the past two decades, the understanding of the roles of vitamin D has expanded to include many nonskeletal effects such as reduced risk of acute respiratory tract infections, autoimmune diseases, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, neurological diseases, and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. The role of vitamin D for optimal health is well known in Western developed countries but less so in Central Asian countries. This narrative review compares the status of vitamin D between Central Asian countries and Northern European countries. The analysis also summarizes the evidence for the beneficial effects of vitamin D and recommendations for Central Asian countries.

Species relationships in the dasyurid marsupial genus Pseudantechinus (Marsupialia : Dasyuridae): a re-examination of the taxonomic status of Pseudantechinus roryi

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Umbrello ◽  
P. A. Woolley ◽  
M. Westerman
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Species Relationships ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
The Status

The status of Pseudantechinus roryi relative to its congeners has been determined from DNA sequences obtained from both nuclear and mitochondrial gene loci. Although all other recognised species of Pseudantechinus form reciprocally monophyletic lineages in phylogenetic analyses, individuals identified in museum collections as Ps. roryi (including type specimens) were indistinguishable from those identified as Ps. macdonnellensis. Ps. roryi is thus considered to be a synonym of Ps. macdonnellensis. Neighbour-joining network analyses failed to reveal any clear biogeographic differences between populations of Ps. macdonnellensis other than some evidence of isolation by distance.

The Emerging Markets of the Asian Region

2015 ◽  
pp. 327-349
Author(s):  
Kazem Vafadari
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Medical Tourism ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Status ◽  
Tourism Destinations ◽  
Central Asian Republics ◽  
Selection Of

Medical tourism has become a catchphrase in the early years of the 21st Century for even the most unlikely of destinations. This chapter outlines the issues and practices involved in an assessment of the status of medical tourism in the emerging economies and destinations of the Asian Region. A selection of countries as case studies covers the region from the Central Asian Republics of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, South Asia (Sri Lanka), through to Cambodia, Taiwan, Myanmar, and Japan. The growth of medical tourism in the Asian region, and its various economic and social impact on abovementioned countries is under focus in this chapter. It provides a comprehensive view of how different countries should capitalize on their advantage to increase their share of regional or international medical tourism market. Both technological advances and traditional medicine have provided comparative advantage for medical tourism destinations in the Asian region.

Gender

2019 ◽  
pp. 363-372
Author(s):  
Sheela Jeyaraj ◽  
Evangeline Anderson-Rajkumar
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Christian Women ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Status ◽  
God's Grace ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Central Asian Republics

Gender issues in South and Central Asia involve discriminations in the socio-cultural, political and economic realms. Despite policy initiatives, gender equality is still not available for most women. The condition of Central Asian women is less favourable than that of their counterparts in South Asia. Still, in South Asian countries where certain Hindu or Buddhist fundamentalist norms prevail, the position of women continues to be deplorable. Discrimination of women is justified in Sanskrit scriptures, which do not contain a coherent narrative of the creation of women. Likewise, the scriptures of Jainism and Buddhism present women as inferior to men. The status of Christian women in certain South Asian countries is better than that of their Central Asian republics. The patriarchal societies of South and Central Asia do not educate a sufficient number of women in theology. Today, almost all female Christian theologians in South Asia engage with the pathos of the exploited. Reversal of gender roles among diaspora communities have caused conflicts in the home and in public. Despite their struggles, Christian women in South and Central Asia continue their witness to God’s grace in Christ sustaining them.

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