Microbial production of essential and toxic compounds among oat-using CeD and NCGS patients

AbstractThe recent development of diagnostic methods and current well-being trend have increased the awareness of gluten-related diseases, such as celiac disease (CeD) and non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS), 1% and 6 % of general population, respectively. Currently for both CeD and NCGS, the only effective treatment is a life-long gluten-free diet, which makes adequate intake of fiber challenging. Despite of improving gut function, dietary fibers promote the growth of gut beneficial microbes. They are in charge of production of numerous compounds, which are essential for human health, such as enzymes and short chain fatty acids (SCFA). Moreover, dietary fiber has an effect on ammoniacal nitrogen levels and beta-glucuronidase activity, which are harmful for human in high concentrations. Gluten-free oats are an excellent source of dietary fiber and they have exceptionally good nutritional properties.In this observational study, SCFA production, ammoniacal nitrogen levels and beta-glucuronidase activity of oat-using CeD patients, NCGS patients and healthy controls were compared. SPME-GC-MS method was developed for SCFA analysis and the other biomarkers were analyzed by spectrophotometer.There were no significant differences between groups on propionic acid and butyric acid production, only the percentage of acetic acid of total SCFAs was higher in control group compared to NCGS group, (p = 0,03). Neither was there significant differences between groups in ammonia production or beta-glucuronidase activity.It has been scientifically proven that pure oats are suitable for celiac disease and gluten-sensitive patients, but they are not commonly used outside of Scandinavia. Our results stated that oat-using CeD and NCGS patients, whose disease is in balance, have gut microbiota capable of healthy production of essential SCFAs and normal levels of harmful compounds.

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Diet, Perceived Intestinal Well-Being and Compositions of Fecal Microbiota and Short Chain Fatty Acids in Oat-Using Subjects with Celiac Disease or Gluten Sensitivity

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12092570 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 2570

Author(s):

Lotta Nylund ◽

Salla Hakkola ◽

Leo Lahti ◽

Seppo Salminen ◽

Marko Kalliomäki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Celiac Disease ◽

Well Being ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Study Groups ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Gluten Free Diet ◽

Control Group ◽

Gluten Sensitivity ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Fiber Intake

A gluten-free diet may result in high fat and low fiber intake and thus lead to unbalanced microbiota. This study characterized fecal microbiota profiles by 16S MiSeq sequencing among oat-using healthy adult subjects (n = 14) or adult subjects with celiac disease (CeD) (n = 19) or non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) (n = 10). Selected microbial metabolites, self-reported 4d food diaries and perceived gut symptoms were compared. Subjects with NCGS experienced the highest amount of gut symptoms and received more energy from fat and less from carbohydrates than healthy and CeD subjects. Oat consumption resulted in reaching the lower limit of the recommended fiber intake. Frequent consumption of gluten-free pure oats did not result in microbiota dysbiosis in subjects with CeD or NCGS. Thus, the high number of gut symptoms in NCGS subjects was not linked to the microbiota. The proportion of fecal acetate was higher in healthy when compared to NCGS subjects, which may be linked to a higher abundance of Bifidobacterium in the control group compared to NCGS and CeD subjects. Propionate, butyrate and ammonia production and β-glucuronidase activity were comparable among the study groups. The results suggest that pure oats have great potential as the basis of a gluten-free diet and warrant further studies in minor microbiota disorders.

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NOSOGENIC DEPRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH PATHOLOGY OF THE MUCOUS ORAL CAVITY

The actual problems in dentistry ◽

10.18481/2077-7566-2019-15-4-50-54 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 50-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Karen Karakov ◽

Tatyana Vlasova ◽

Artur Oganyan ◽

Araksia Khachaturyan ◽

Svetlana Karakova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Treatment Regimen ◽

Oral Mucosa ◽

New Technologies ◽

Well Being ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Control Group ◽

Traditional Treatment ◽

And Control

Importance. Despite the improvement of diagnostic methods and the introduction of new technologies in the treatment of pathology of the oral mucosa, it is difficult to achieve stable remission, since 70 % of cases are based on somatic and bodily suffering factors. The article presents data from a comparative analysis of the use of the traditional treatment regimen for patients with pathology of the oral cavity and the inclusion of the latest generation of antipsychotics in the treatment regimen. It was established that, when applied, a tendency towards normalization of psychological and autonomic status was observed. The inclusion of anxiolytics and antioxidants in the complex of general therapy for patients with pathology of the oral mucosa contributed to a more pronounced positive dynamics of achieving and prolonging the phase of remission. Objectives — to evaluate the effectiveness of introducing drugs of the latest generation of antipsychotics into the traditional treatment regimen for patients with pathology of the oral cavity. Methodology. Under our supervision, there were 30 patients aged 40 to 60 years with a diagnosis of pathology of the oral mucosa and pathology of the periodontium. All examined were divided into 2 groups: the main (15 people) and control (15 people). Results. Clinical well-being, manifested in a subjective decrease in pain in the tongue, feelings of rawness, tingling, numbness, awkwardness, in the tongue, was noted already at the 5th visit in 67 % of patients of the main group, while in the control group in 17 % of patients. Conclusions. The inclusion of anxiolytics and antioxidants in the complex of general therapy for patients with pathology of the oral mucosa contributed to a more pronounced positive dynamics of achieving and prolonging the phase of remission. Our data allow us to implement this treatment regimen in practical healthcare.

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Anthropometric Parameters in Celiac Disease: A Review on the Different Evaluation Methods and Disease Effects

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2019/4586963 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Allysson Costa ◽

Gleisson A. P. Brito

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Celiac Disease ◽

Body Mass ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Gluten Free Diet ◽

Control Group ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Anthropometric Parameters

This review compiled anthropometric data from 29 original articles, published between 1995 and 2015, corresponding to a total sample of 6368 celiac disease subjects. Body mass index was the main parameter for measuring anthropometry (82.1%), followed by body mass (78.6%), body fat (51.7%), bone mineral density and bone mineral content (46.4%), and fat-free mass (44.8%). The main evaluation method was dual x-ray absorptiometry (83.3%), followed by bioimpedance (16.6%), skinfold thickness (16.6%), and isotope dilution (5.5%). This compilation suggests that celiac disease patients without a gluten-free diet (WGFD) and celiac disease patients with a gluten-free diet (GFD) show a lower body mass than the control group, with inconclusive data about WGFD versus GFD. Body mass index is lower in WGFD and GFD compared to control group, and is lower in WGFD compared to GFD. We observed lower values of FM and FFM in WGFD and GFD versus the control group. No difference was found between WGFD versus GFD. BMD and BMC are lower in WGFD versus GFD and GFD versus the control group, with inconclusive data about WGFD versus GFD. The findings of this review suggest that celiac disease patients must be periodically evaluated through anthropometric parameters, since the pathology has the potential to modulate such values even in a gluten-free diet, with these variables reflecting their healthy status. In parallel, the screening of different anthropometric assessment methodologies can provide support for more accurate evaluations by scientists and clinical professionals who work with celiac disease patients.

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NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND MICRONUTRIENT LEVELS OF CHILDREN WITH CELIAC DISEASE BEFORE AND AFTER GLUTEN FREE DIET

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2006.13.01.5075 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 13 (01) ◽

pp. 145-150

Author(s):

HINA AYESHA ◽

Muhammed Asghar Butt ◽

MUHAMMED SHAMOON ◽

Maqbool Ahmed ◽

BUSHRA NAZIR ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Celiac Disease ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Serum Zinc ◽

Gluten Free Diet ◽

Control Group ◽

Inflammatory Disorder ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Trace Mineral ◽

Before And After

Introduction: Celiac disease is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder ofsmall intestine precipitated by ingestion of gluten. Clinical and histological improvement occurs on withdrawal of glutenfrom the diet. Objectives: The present study were to identify the trace mineral deficiency in newly diagnosed celiacchildren and to assess how far these deficiencies are corrected after strict gluten free diet. The study also assessedthe nutritional status of celiac children compared to the healthy controls before and after Gluten Free Diet. Setting:Department of Pediatrics Punjab Medical College Faisalabad. Duration: January 2004 to March 2005. Study Design:Interventional case control study. Patients and Methods: 22 children aged 2 to 14 years diagnosed as Celiac diseaseon the basis of typical intestinal biopsy findings were included. 15 healthy children served as controls. Anthropometricmeasurements and serum Zinc Copper Magnesium and Iron along with albumin were done for both patients andcontrols initially and repeated after 6 months while patients were receiving strict GFD and controls receiving normaldiet. The general linear model was used for the analysis of variance using SPSS (2004). Results: Serum Zinc wasbelow the reference range in 68%. Serum copper and Magnesium in 31%, Iron in 95%and albumin in 59% of thepatients. There was a statistically significant increase in serum zinc, iron and magnesium levels (p value, < 0 05) whileserum copper and albumin did not show any significant rise after Gluten free diet. Control group did not show any significant change in their trace mineral levels .Celiac patients gained more weight (mean 4.47 versus 2.91 cm) andheight (3.34cm versus 1.022 cm) as compared to the control group. Conclusion: Celiac children receiving strict Glutenfree diet and showing good clinical response probably do not need mineral supplementation.

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CELIAC DISEASE

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2016.23.07.1643 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (07) ◽

pp. 807-811

Author(s):

Nagina Shahzadi ◽

Muhammad Almas Hashmi ◽

Sadida Bahawal

Keyword(s):

Celiac Disease ◽

Health Benefit ◽

Gluten Free Diet ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

And Gender ◽

Disease Study ◽

Trial Setting

Objectives: Probiotics are alive organisms which confer health benefit whentaken at an appropriate dosage. This study was done to determine the efficacy of probiotics indecreasing the frequency of diarrhea in children with celiac disease. Study Design: Randomizedcontrolled trial. Setting: Department of Pediatrics/DHQ Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. Period:November 2011 to October 2012. Methods: Newly diagnosed patients with CD having diarrheawere included by consecutive non-probability sampling. Patients were randomized in twogroups using computer generated numbers. One group was given probiotic along with glutenfree diet while other was only prescribed gluten free diet. Reduction in frequency of diarrhea intwo groups was compared after a period of 28 days. Results: A total of 116 cases (58 in eachgroup) were enrolled. Mean age was 9.11 years. The groups were similar in age and gender ofpatients. Comparison of efficacy of probiotics in children with CD was done with control groupwhich revealed reduction in stools frequency to less than half in 86.21% (n=50) in probioticgroup but only 62.07% (n=36) in control group. P-value was 0.00015 which shows a highlysignificant difference in both groups. Conclusion: Probiotics in addition to gluten free diet arehighly effective in reducing the frequency of diarrhea in newly diagnosed patients with CD, incomparison with gluten free diet alone.

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Is a Gluten-Free Diet Enough to Maintain Correct Micronutrients Status in Young Patients with Celiac Disease?

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12030844 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 844 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Teresa Nestares ◽

Rafael Martín-Masot ◽

Ana Labella ◽

Virginia A. Aparicio ◽

Marta Flor-Alemany ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Celiac Disease ◽

Iron Status ◽

Dietary Assessment ◽

Young Patients ◽

Gluten Free Diet ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Iron Intake ◽

Food Record

The current study assesses whether the use of a gluten-free diet (GFD) is sufficient for maintaining correct iron status in children with celiac disease (CD). The study included 101 children. The celiac group (n = 68) included children with CD, with long (> 6 months) (n = 47) or recent (< 6 months) (n = 21) adherence to a GFD. The control group (n = 43) included healthy children. Dietary assessment was performed by a food frequency questionnaire and a 3-day food record. Celiac children had lower iron intake than controls, especially at the beginning of GFD (p < 0.01). The group CD-GFD >6 months showed a higher intake of cobalamin, meat derivatives and fish compared to that of CD-GFD <6 months (all, p < 0.05). The control group showed a higher consumption of folate, iron, magnesium, selenium and meat derivatives than that of children CD-GFD >6 months (all, p < 0.05). Control children also showed a higher consumption of folate and iron compared to that of children CD-GFD <6 months (both, p < 0.05). The diet of celiac children was nutritionally less balanced than that of the control. Participation of dietitians is necessary in the management of CD to guide the GFD as well as assess the inclusion of iron supplementation and other micronutrients that may be deficient.

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Illness Identity and the Relationship With Participation and Quality of Life Among Adolescents With Celiac Disease

American Journal of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.5014/ajot.2021.75s2-rp195 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 75 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 7512505195p1-7512505195p1

Author(s):

Sonya Meyer ◽

Liron Lamash

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Celiac Disease ◽

Health Management ◽

Well Being ◽

Developmental Tasks ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Daily Food ◽

Illness Identity ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Date Presented Accepted for AOTA INSPIRE 2021 but unable to be presented due to online event limitations. Celiac disease is a chronic condition, treated by a strict lifelong gluten-free diet. Adolescents need to gain independence and assume responsibility for self-managing their diet while participating in daily food-related activities. Maintaining health, well-being, and quality of life and developing self- and illness identity are central developmental tasks during adolescence. OTs have an important role in addressing and promoting health management needs. Primary Author and Speaker: Sonya Meyer Additional Authors and Speakers: Liron Lamash

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PNPLA3 rs738409 Polymorphism Predicts Development and Severity of Hepatic Steatosis but Not Metabolic Syndrome in Celiac Disease

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10091239 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1239 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Raffaella Tortora ◽

Antonio Rispo ◽

Anna Alisi ◽

Nicola Imperatore ◽

Annalisa Crudele ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Celiac Disease ◽

Hepatic Steatosis ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Control Group ◽

Gluten Free ◽

Key Factor ◽

Severe Grade

Metabolic syndrome (MS) and hepatic steatosis (HS) have been described in patients with celiac disease (CD) after starting a gluten-free diet (GFD), but data on predictive factors for these conditions are scarce. Recently, the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) rs738409 has been identified as a key factor for HS development in the general population. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of PNPLA3 rs738409 in the development of MS and HS in CD patients after starting GFD. Between June 2014 and September 2016, we consecutively enrolled CD patients with HS, while those without steatosis served as a control group. All patients underwent anthropometric and serologic investigations, ultrasonography (US) to assess the degree and severity of HS, and genotyping of the PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism. Finally, 370 subjects were enrolled (136 with and 234 without HS). At genotyping assays, the CC genotype was found in 194 subjects (52.4%), the CG genotype in 138 subjects (37.3%), and the GG genotype in 38 subjects (10.2%). At binary logistic regression, only CG and GG alleles were predictive for the development of HS (odds ratio (OR) 1.97; p < 0.01 for CG and OR 6.9; p < 0.001 for GG). Body mass index (BMI) (OR 3.8; p < 0.001) and waist circumference (OR 2.8; p = 0.03) at CD diagnosis were the only independent factors for the development of MS. Intergroup comparisons showed that the severe grade of HS was more frequently observed in GG than in CC carriers (74% vs. 11.3%, p < 0.001, OR 21.8). PNPLA3 CG and GG carriers with CD have a higher susceptibility to hepatic steatosis, but not to metabolic syndrome. Moreover, patients with GG alleles display more severe forms of HS based on ultrasound.

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EFFECTS OF DIETARY FIBER INTAKE IN CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED MUCOSITIS IN MURINE MODEL

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114520004924 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-34

Author(s):

B Gallotti ◽

I Galvao ◽

G Leles ◽

MF Quintanilha ◽

RO Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Fiber ◽

Murine Model ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Control Group ◽

Fiber Intake ◽

Gut Permeability ◽

High Fiber ◽

Dietary Fiber Intake ◽

High Doses

Abstract Mucositis is an inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa resulting from high-doses of radio/chemotherapy treatment and may lead to interruption of antineoplasic therapy. Soluble fibers, like pectin, increase short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production that play a role in gut homeostasis and inflammation suppression. Due to the properties of pectin, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a high-fiber diet on chemotherapy-induced mucositis in a murine model. C57/BL6 mice received control (AIN93M), high-fiber (HF), low/zero fiber (LF) diets for 10 days prior the mucositis challenging with irinotecan (75 mg/kg); or, they were treated with acetate added to drinking water 5 days prior and during the mucositis induction. Mice that received HF diet showed decreased immune cells influx and improved histopathological parameters in the intestine, compared to mice that received normal diet. Furthermore, HF diet decreased intestinal permeability induced in the mucositis model when compared to the control group. This effect was not observed in the acetate alone, which did not improve gut permeability. For instance, mice that received LF diet worsened gut permeability, compared with mice that received normal diet and mucositis. The effects of the HF and LF diets were shown to modulate the intestinal microbiota, in which the LF diet increased the levels of Enterobacteriaceae, a group associated with gut inflammation, whereas the HF diet decreased this group and increased Lactobacillus and Bifidobaterium (SCFA producers) levels. In conclusion, the results demonstrated the importance of dietary fiber intake in the modulation of gut microbiota composition and homeostasis maintenance during mucositis in this model.

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Inulin and isomalto-oligosaccharide alleviate constipation and improve reproductive performance by modulating motility-related hormones, short-chain fatty acids, and feces microflora in pregnant sows

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab257 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Xiaorong Yu ◽

Chunsheng Fu ◽

Zhenchuan Cui ◽

Guangyong Chen ◽

Yinglei Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Gastrointestinal Motility ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Control Group ◽

Fecal Microflora ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Constipation in gestating and lactating sows is common and the inclusion of dietary fiber may help to alleviate this problem. We investigated the effects of inulin (INU) and isomalto-oligosaccharide (IMO), two sources of soluble dietary fiber, on gastrointestinal motility-related hormones, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), fecal microflora, and reproductive performance in pregnant sows. On day 64 of gestation, 30 sows were randomly divided into three groups and fed as follows: a basal diet, a basal diet with 0.5% INU, and a basal diet with 0.5% IMO. We found that INU and IMO significantly modulated the levels of gastrointestinal motility-related hormones, as evidenced by an increase in substance P (P < 0.05), and a decrease in the vasoactive intestinal peptide concentrations (P < 0.05), indicating the capacity of INU and IMO to alleviate constipation. Furthermore, IMO enhanced the concentrations of acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, and valeric acids in the feces (P < 0.05). High-throughput sequencing showed that IMO and INU increased the fecal microflora α- and β-diversity (P < 0.05). Methanobrevibacter was more abundant (P < 0.05), whereas the richness of Turicibacter was lower in the INU and IMO groups than in the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, IMO significantly increased litter size (P < 0.05). Overall, our findings indicate that INU and IMO can relieve constipation, optimize intestinal flora, and promote reproductive performance in pregnant sows.

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