scholarly journals Vitamin E and infectious diseases in the aged

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 697-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Nim Han ◽  
Simin Nikbin Meydani
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Viral Titre ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Old Mice ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

The incidence of infectious diseases, particularly respiratory diseases, increases with age. Age-associated decline in immune function contributes to the increased susceptibility of the aged to infections. Vitamin E supplementation has been shown to improve some aspects of immune function in aged animals and human subjects. The protective effect of vitamin E against viral or bacterial infections in experimentally-challenged young animals has been reported. We investigated the effects of supplementation with vitamin E and other antioxidants on resistance to influenza infection in young and old animals. While vitamin E-supplemented young mice showed only a modest reduction in lung viral titre, vitamin E-supplemented old mice exhibited a highly significant (P< 0.05) reduction in viral lung titre. In subsequent studies, we focused on the mechanism of vitamin E-induced reduction of influenza viral titre. The results of these studies as well as those reported by other investigators on the relationship between vitamin E and infectious diseases will be reviewed.

Hay fever and the effect of influenza vaccines

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaw Watanabe ◽  
Tetsuro Yamamoto ◽  
Tadao Enomoto ◽  
Muneaki Iizuka ◽  
Hideyo Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Mucosal Immunity ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Hay Fever ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Allergic Condition ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Hay fever is an increasing disease in Japan, and the prevalence of cedar pollinosis exceeds 20% nationwide. More than 50 kinds of pollen have been reported so far in Japan. Pollinosis often complicated other allergic conditions. Since patients with allergic diseases have lower s-IgA levels than healthy subjects, patients with hay fever have less weak mucosal immunity so that it would affect the efficacy of the influenza vaccine. Eight thousand three hundred thirty-seven (3885 men and 4452 women) participated in this survey to clarify the relationship between allergic diseases and the influenza vaccine's efficacy. In the no hay fever group, the effective vaccine rate against influenza disease was 0.2%, and in the hay fever group, it was 0.21%. No effect of the influenza vaccine was present in this population. Rather, vaccination seemed to increase influenza incidence in people with hay fever. The basic presence of allergic condition influenza vaccination increased susceptibility to influenza infection. (12.9% vs. 13.89%) (p<0.001). A tailor-made strategy for these patients should be necessary for preventing influenza.

scholarly journals Gold kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis ‘Hort16A’) for immune support

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margot A. Skinner ◽  
Jacelyn M. S. Loh ◽  
Denise C. Hunter ◽  
Jingli Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Activity Inhibition ◽  
Gene Sets ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Kiwifruit is a good source of several vitamins and minerals and dietary fibre, and contains a number of phytochemicals; so kiwifruit potentially provides health benefits beyond basic nutrition. Consumption of green kiwifruit can have positive effects on cardiovascular health through antioxidant activity, inhibition of platelet aggregation and lowered TAG levels, and gut health through improving laxation, aiding digestion and promoting a healthy gut microflora. The importance of nutrition on immune function is well recognised, with deficiencies in vitamins A, C, E, B6 and B12, folic acid, Zn, Cu, Fe and Se being associated with impaired immune function and increased susceptibility to diseases. Evidence is growing that kiwifruit enhances immunity, with several small murine studies showing enhancement of innate and adaptive immune function. Few studies have examined the effect of kiwifruit on immune function in human subjects, but a recent study has revealed that kiwifruit up-regulates several ‘immune’ and ‘DNA and repair’-related gene sets, and down-regulates one gene set related to Ig secretion. Taken together, the evidence from the literature provides supporting data for designing a human intervention trial to validate the ability of kiwifruit to support immune function in healthy and immunocompromised populations.

scholarly journals The Phylogeny and Biological Function of Gastric Juice—Microbiological Consequences of Removing Gastric Acid

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 6031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martinsen ◽  
Fossmark ◽  
Waldum
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Acid ◽  
Gastric Juice ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Gastric Acidity ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Gastric juice is a unique combination of hydrochloric acid (HCl), lipase, and pepsin. Acidic gastric juice is found in all vertebrates, and its main function is to inactivate microorganisms. The phylogenetic preservation of this energy-consuming and, at times, hazardous function (acid-related diseases) reflects its biological importance. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are one of the most widely used drugs in the world. Due to the reduced prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection as well as the increased use of inhibitors of gastric acid secretion, the latter has become the most important cause of gastric hypoacidity. In the present manuscript, we review the microbiological consequences of removing gastric acidity. The resulting susceptibility to infections has not been studied extensively, and focus has mainly been restricted to bacterial and parasitic agents only. The strongest evidence concerning the relationship between hypochlorhydria and predisposition to infections relates to bacterial infections affecting the gastrointestinal tract. However, several other clinical settings with increased susceptibility to infections due to inhibited gastric acidity are discussed. We also discuss the impact of hypochlorhydria on the gut microbiome.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary supplementation with white button mushrooms on host resistance to influenza infection and immune function in mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 1052-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanmei Xu ◽  
Lixin Na ◽  
Zhihong Ren ◽  
Jianguo Xu ◽  
Changhao Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Nk Cell Activity ◽  
Viral Titre ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Button Mushrooms ◽  
Old Mice ◽  
White Button Mushrooms

Previously, we showed that mice fed white button mushrooms (WBM) had enhanced immune functions known to help the body's antiviral defence. In the present study, we tested whether WBM conferred protection against viral infection. Young (4-month-old) and old (22-month-old) C57BL/6 mice were fed a diet containing 0, 2 or 10 % WBM powder for 8 weeks. Mice were then infected with influenza Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1), and killed at day 0 (uninfected), 2, 5 or 7 post-infection. The primary outcomes of the study were viral titre and body weight. Secondary outcomes were natural killer (NK) cell activity, lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production. The results showed that WBM did not affect viral titre, nor did it prevent infection-induced weight loss. WBM supplementation was found to enhance NK cell activity in old mice and to increase interferon (IFN)-γ production in young and old mice under naive (uninfected) conditions, but it had no such effect after infection. The lack of a mushroom supplementation effect on NK activity and concanavalin A-stimulated IFN-γ production after infection may explain the immune system's failure to reduce viral load and weight loss in mice after influenza infection. WBM supplementation, however, did induce changes in other aspects of the immune response: it significantly increased the production of T-helper type 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 in uninfected mice and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α in infected mice. These mushroom-induced systemic changes, however, were not adequate to confer a protective effect against influenza infection.

The Effect of Vitamin E on Secondary Bacterial Infection after Influenza Infection in Young and Old Mice

2004 ◽  
Vol 1031 (1) ◽  
pp. 418-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAINA GAY ◽  
SUNG NIM HAN ◽  
MELISSA MARKO ◽  
SARAH BELISLE ◽  
RODERICK BRONSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Secondary Bacterial Infection ◽  
Old Mice

scholarly journals Vitamin E as promising adjunct treatment option in the combat of infectious diseases caused by bacterial including multi-drug resistant pathogens – Results from a comprehensive literature survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minnja S. Hartmann ◽  
Soraya Mousavi ◽  
Stefan Bereswill ◽  
Markus M. Heimesaat
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Treatment Option ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Burkholderia Cenocepacia ◽  
Adjunct Treatment ◽  
Pubmed Database

AbstractThe use of antibiotics has provoked an emergence of various multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Infectious diseases that cannot be treated sufficiently with conventional antibiotic intervention strategies anymore constitue serious threats to human health. Therefore, current research focus has shifted to alternative, antibiotic-independent therapeutic approaches. In this context, vitamin E constitutes a promising candidate molecule due to its multi-faceted modes of action. Therefore, we used the PubMed database to perform a comprehensive literature survey reviewing studies addressing the antimicrobial properties of vitamin E against bacterial pathogens including MDR bacteria. The included studies published between 2010 and 2020 revealed that given its potent synergistic antimicrobial effects in combination with distinct antibiotic compounds, vitamin E constitutes a promising adjunct antibiotic treatment option directed against infectious diseases caused by MDR bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cenocepacia and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In conclusion, the therapeutic value of vitamin E for the treatment of bacterial infections should therefore be investigated in future clinical studies.

Nutritional Recommendation for COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 753-757
Author(s):  
Anagha Gulhane ◽  
Shamli Hiware
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
System Quality ◽  
Life Phase ◽  
Global Health Issue ◽  
Nutritional Recommendation

It is the most unreliable truth that anybody can get infected by the COVID-19, and nobody can escape from the danger of getting tainted by the virus. Yet, the line of hope is that anyone and everyone can boost their resistance, thus avoid the risk of getting affected by the illness. The immunity of humans pulls down as they grow older. If their immune system is robust, them falling sick is feeble. If their resistance is weak, them getting ill is sound. Several factors affect the immune system and its ability, including its nourishment. A two-way connection between nutrition, infection and immunity presents. Changes in one part will affect the others part in our body that's the nature's rule. Well defined immune system quality which is present between each life phase may influence the type, generality and the degree of infections. At the same time, low nutrition to the body will decrease the immune function and expose the body to the danger of getting infected by infectious diseases. Different quantity of micronutrients is required for increasing the immunity power of our body. Generally the vitamins A,C,D,E,B2,B6,B12, iron, zinc and selenium.The deficiencies of micronutrients are acknowledged as a global health issue, and also low nutrition makes it prone to establishes the infections in the body.

Study the relationship between various bacterial infections and lipid profile in Samarra hospital patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (06) ◽  
pp. 52-63
Author(s):  
Osama Nadhom Nijris ◽  
Faesal Ghaz Hassen ◽  
Asmaa Easa Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Incidence of Kawasaki disease before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective cohort study in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e001034
Author(s):  
Kyohei Iio ◽  
Kousaku Matsubara ◽  
Chisato Miyakoshi ◽  
Kunitaka Ota ◽  
Rika Yamaoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Difference In Difference

BackgroundEpidemiological studies in Kawasaki disease (KD) have suggested infectious aetiology. During the COVID-19 pandemic, measures for mitigating SARS-CoV-2 transmission also suppress the circulation of other contagious microorganisms. The primary objective is to compare the number and incidence of KD before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan, and the secondary objective is to investigate temporal association between the KD epidemiology and activities of SARS-CoV-2 and other viral and bacterial infections.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted between 2016 and 2020 in Kobe, Japan. We collected information of hospitalised KD children in Kobe. Child population was identified through the resident registry system. Activity of COVID-19 and 11 other infectious diseases was derived from a public health monitoring system. Monthly change of KD incidence was analysed using a difference-in-difference regression model.ResultsThroughout the study period, 1027 KD children were identified. KD had begun to decline in April 2020, coinciding with the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. The number of KD cases (n=66) between April and December 2020 was 40% of the average in the same period in 2016–2019 (165/year). Annual KD incidence was 315, 300, 353, 347 and 188/100 000 children aged 0–4 years in 2016–2020, respectively. The difference-in-difference value of KD incidence was significantly reduced in the fourth quarter in 2020 (−15.8, 95% CI −28.0 to −3.5), compared with that in 2016–2019. Sentinel surveillance showed a marked decrease of all infectious diseases except exanthema subitum after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. There were 86 COVID-19 cases aged <10 years and no KD children associated with COVID-19.ConclusionThis study showed that the number and incidence of KD was dramatically reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. This change was temporally associated with decreased activities of various infectious diseases other than COVID-19, supporting the hypothesis of infection-triggered pathogenesis in KD.

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