scholarly journals Radiocarbon Dating of Sediments

Radiocarbon ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (2A) ◽  
pp. 441-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison J Fowler ◽  
Richard Gillespie ◽  
Robert E M Hedges
Keyword(s):  
Hard Water ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Recent Sediment ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Fossil Carbon ◽  
Sources Of Error ◽  
History Of ◽  
Terrestrial Input ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual

In 14C dating of sediment, the date of deposition is associated with its C age. Most sediments are complex mixtures containing little organic material frequently derived from several sources. The most conspicuous sources of error result from 1) the incorporation of “fossil” carbon (eg, graphite, lignite, etc) into a more recent sediment. This is particularly important in low carbon sediments (Olsson, 1972); 2) the incorporation of older, ‘reworked’ sedimentary material, eg, from terrigenous sources into a lacustrine environment (Schoute, Mook & Streuerman, 1983); 3) the dating of mainly autochthonous material which has metabolized carbon from dissolved bicarbonate carbonates originating from dissolution of fossil.To provide more information for the 14C ages of components of a sediment, we have used the small sample capability (ie, > = 1 mg carbon) of the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator to date specific fractions. Within the limitations of the ‘conventional’ method, different fractions in soils have been the subject of two investigations (Scharpenseel, 1979; Sheppard, Syed & Mehringer, 1979). In general the results show that a measurement on undifferentiated sediment may lead to serious errors in the 14C date, that specific fractions do not guarantee a better date for deposition, but nearly always provide valuable information on the particular history of the individual sediment in relation to its specific context. It is usually possible to estimate the occurrence of the first two sources of error listed above, but more difficult to quantify the extent of terrestrial input and “hard water” error.

Educational Software Evaluation

2011 ◽  
pp. 699-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Shaughnessy
Keyword(s):  
Educational Software ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Evaluation Methodologies ◽  
Initial Investigation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Software Methodologies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Evaluation Techniques ◽  
Complete History

From 1980 to 2000, there were many articles written on the subject of software review and evaluation. Upon initial investigation of educational software methodologies, it appears that there are as many evaluation methodologies as there are authors presenting them. Several articles (methodology analyses) have been written describing these evaluation techniques (Bryson & Cullen, 1984; Eraut, 1989; Holznagel, 1983; Jones et al., 1999; McDougall & Squires, 1995; Reiser & Kegelmann, 1994, 1996; Russell & Blake, 1988). Each of these articles describes various methodologies and presents the most current evaluation methodology available, but fails to provide a complete history of the types of evaluation methodologies. These analyses of evaluation methodologies focus on the individual methodology, but refrain from putting individual methodologies into a greater systematic context.

Body and law in late Anglo-Saxon England

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 209-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine O'Brien O'Keeffe
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Manuscript Production ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control ◽  
Point Of Departure

This article explores some textual dimensions of what I argue is a crucial moment in the history of the Anglo-Saxon subject. For purposes of temporal triangulation, I would locate this moment between roughly 970 and 1035, though these dates function merely as crude, if potent, signposts: the years 970×973 mark the adoption of the Regularis concordia, the ecclesiastical agreement on the practice of a reformed (and markedly continental) monasticism, and 1035 marks the death of Cnut, the Danish king of England, whose laws encode a change in the understanding of the individual before the law. These dates bracket a rich and chaotic time in England: the apex of the project of reform, a flourishing monastic culture, efflorescence of both Latin and vernacular literatures, remarkable manuscript production, but also the renewal of the Viking wars that seemed at times to be signs of the apocalypse and that ultimately would put a Dane on the throne of England. These dates point to two powerful and continuing sets of interests in late Anglo-Saxon England, ecclesiastical and secular, monastic and royal, whose relationships were never simple. This exploration of the subject in Anglo-Saxon England as it is illuminated by the law draws on texts associated with each of these interests and argues their interconnection. Its point of departure will be the body – the way it is configured, regarded, regulated and read in late Anglo-Saxon England. It focuses in particular on the use to which the body is put in juridical discourse: both the increasing role of the body in schemes of inquiry and of punishment and the ways in which the body comes to be used to know and control the subject.

scholarly journals Concept “Happiness” in the Autobiographical Prose of Vladimir Nabokov

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
Nadezhda S. Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Vladimir Nabokov ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Personal History ◽  
Artistic Experience ◽  
The Gift ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Artistic Image

«Happiness» is one of the most significant cultural universals, semantically related to the concepts of the spiritual life of a man, the most important element performing meaning-forming and plot-forming role in an artistic work. The study of the reflection of notions about happiness in the autobiographical prose of V. Nabokov in the context of the literary and cultural situation of the first wave of Russian emigration is defined by the specifics of autobiography as a text that is created at the end of life and involves its recognition from the point of view of a person summing up intermediate or final results. The article analyzes the artistic concept «happiness» in the autobiographical prose of V. Nabokov; it determines its individual author’s content that is correlated with the general cultural content of the concept. The article is devoted to the study of the concept «happiness» as a complex emotional and value formation which reflects the universal artistic experience, recorded in the cultural memory, expresses the individual author’s understanding of the essence of objects and phenomena. The conceptual component of the word «happiness» in the creativity of V. Nabokov includes the harmonious fullness of life, freedom, the gift of creativity, the happiness of childhood, family, the hearth, the happiness of love and marriage, the enjoyment of life and its joys, a reflection of the personal history of upbringing and testing. The concept «happiness» implements not only semantic, but also axiological possibilities, reflecting both the own characteristics of the subject of the artistic image and the features of idiostyle of the writer.

Mesmerism, magic, and medicine

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-266
Author(s):  
John E. Schowalter
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual

The appearance of Olness and Gardner's article, "Some Guidelines for Uses of Hypnotherapy in Pediatrics" (p. 228), must strike many readers as something far out, while for some others there is relief that Pediatrics has finally recognized a phenomenon that is a fact of everyday life. Hypnosis is not easy to define. It need not produce a trance, but is a state in which the subject is extremely suggestible to the wishes of the hypnotist and in which there is a heightening of the powers of concentration. The use of the hypnotic state dates back to early in the history of the individual and of medicine.

scholarly journals Foucault’un İktidar Görüşleri Işığında Erdal Öz’ün Yaralısın Romanı / Yaralisin, the Novel by Erdal Oz, in the Light of Foucault’s Power Theory

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 564
Author(s):  
Koray Üstün
Keyword(s):  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Power Structure ◽  
New Order ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Private Space ◽  
Power Theory ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>In the light of the power concepts theorized by Michel Foucault, this article investigates Erdal Oz's novel Yaralisin (You’re Wounded). Foucault’s power structure that systematized in Subject and Power (1961), History of Sexuality (1984), Birth of Prison (1975), The Birth of Biopolitics (2004), has similarities with crime production that the novel reflects. Accordingly, individuals are being standardized in the prison through programs, strategies and technics that the power structure determined. In this process, there is no direct enforcement on the individual. The power structure connects the individual to itself through knowledge and body. In Oz’s novel the subject depending on space changing are being standardized and transformed into the “Nuri” character, as we read in the text. At the base of becoming standard individual through lost of identity, there is crime production. As for crime production, it takes shape in accordance with space. In the novel, space dependent suffering, inflicted on individuals, places the subject on a hierarchical plane, as Foucault has also indicated, and brings an end to existence. The power structure, cutting off the individual from his private space, taking him first into the interrogation room, and then to the prison, has made him a part of the system and has objectified him. The digestive effect of the power structure has become even more concrete with the presence of the second person narrator within the narrative plane; depersonalization has taken place within the new order.</p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>Bu makalede Michel Foucault’un kuramsallaştırdığı iktidar kavramı ışığında Erdal Öz’ün <em>Yaralısın</em> romanı incelenmiştir. Foucault’nun <em>Özne ve İktidar </em>(1961),<em> Cinselliğin Tarihi </em>(1984)<em>, Hapishanenin Doğuşu </em>(1975)<em>, Biyopolitikanın Doğuşu</em> (2004) gibi kitaplarında sistemleştirdiği iktidar, romanda aktarılan suç üretimi ile paralellik taşımaktadır. Bireyler, iktidar tarafından belirlenen program, strateji ve tekniklerle hapishanelerde tek tipleştirilmektedir. Bu süreçte bireyler üzerine doğrudan bir yaptırım uygulanmaz; iktidar, bilgi ve beden yönetimi üzerinden bireyi kendine bağlar. Öz’ün romanında da uzamsal değişimlere bağlı olarak tekil özneler, tek tipleştirilerek metindeki karşılığıyla “Nuri”lere dönüşür. Bireyin kendi kimliğini yitirerek tek tipleşmesinin temelinde suç üretimi vardır. Suç üretimi ise uzama göre şekillenir. Romanda uzama göre değişen çektirilen azaplar, Foucault’un da belirttiği gibi özneyi hiyerarşik düzleme yerleştirir ve varoluşu sona erdirir. İktidar, özneyi kişisel mekânından ayırıp önce sorgu odasına ardından da hapishaneye götürerek onu düzenin bir parçası hâline getirmiş ve nesneleştirmiştir. İktidarın sindirici etkisi, anlatı düzlemindeki ikinci tekil anlatıcının varlığıyla daha da somutlaşmış; kurulan düzen içerisinde özne yitimi gerçekleşmiştir. </p>

scholarly journals Melampaui Kedirian Identitas Batak Melalui Ritual dan Sejarah Masyarakatnya Atas Inspirasi Levinas

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-189
Author(s):  
Maria Anggreini Grace Kelly Habeahan ◽  
Ruth Florescia Simanjuntak ◽  
Rustono Farady Marta
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Original Condition ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Interpretive Paradigm ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual

This study aims to determine the identity and selfhood of each Batak community towards the messages conveyed by their ancestors to be applied in the daily life of the Batak community. The research uses an interpretive paradigm, which views social reality as something dynamic, processed and full of subjective meaning. Social reality is nothing but a social construct. The author describes the Batak community's construction of the philosophy passed down from their ancestors in the life of individual relations with their groups. Qualitative research leads to the original condition the subject is in. The results of this study have revealed that every dialogue that is displayed has the identity of the Batak tribe that has been created due to infinite things that can transcend human beings and continue to be carried out across generations. This belief is repeated from each generation to be applied to their descendants for every ancestral message, traditional rituals, and history of the Batak community to give identity to selfhood as an individual of the Batak tribe. The conclusion is to find things that are not visible, that do not exist in this program to explain the identity of the Batak people. What transcends the individual into what does not exist is an identity for Batak society. The principle of living with the Batak philosophy, and the consequences of not doing it, is the reason every individual is trapped in having to carry out a culture like it or not as Batak society.

scholarly journals Algorithmic love: “Quit playin’ games with my <3”

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 8-25
Author(s):  
Carolina Cambre
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Object Relations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Rich History

Some of the rich history of the <3 is laced with myths and monsters, and reveals this particular cipher is anything but a trivial emoticon: rather, its ambiguous affective weight makes it an ideal interface for the ineffable. This conceptual essay is an exploration through a different approach to the traditional visual essay. Here, the author-composed photo-collages function as a meditation on a theme by pondering and theorizing along with the text, ideas of the heart emoticon in the fractal matrix of sign types, with some of the multiple possibilities and implications associated with its use by both individuals and corporations. Paralleling the subject/object relations figured forth through the Medusa myth, with the idea that not knowing about the algorithmic influences on the <3 of intimate digital messaging may serve to turn the subject into an object. This paper thus calls for algorithmic literacies, broadly conceived as agility in critically discerning how decision-making is presented to the individual in matters of the <3.

scholarly journals THE POETIC WORLD OF I. A. KURATOV

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-642
Author(s):  
Lidiya Egorovna Surnina
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Objective World ◽  
Research Opportunities ◽  
The Real ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Subjective Level

I. A. Kuratov’s creative activity has been an outstanding phenomenon in the history of Komi and Finno-Ugrian literatures. In the period of the democratic enlightenment the incipient Komi literature which was written by I. A. Kuratov in terms of the real illustration of the nation’s life was in line with literatures with old traditions. It is known, that I. A. Kuratov was not the sole writer of the 19th century, such names as G. Lytkin, P. Rasputin, P. Klochkov, M. Istomin and others are also well known. I. Kuratov knew about literary experiments by the Komi writers of the beginning of the 19th century. The critical perception of the works by these authors helped him to a certain degree to comprehend which targets must the poet solve, who represents a small nation of Russia. This article deals with the study of I. Kuratov’s lyric system, which is multi-subject, containing different ways of expressing the author’s consciousness. The relevance of the work is due to research opportunities that open up the study of the subjective system of works to reveal the individual author's system of the Komi poet. Poems of peasant themes by I. Kuratov are analyzed. The subject of the research is the subject organization as one of the most important ways of expressing the author's consciousness. I. Kuratov strives to embody the idea of the internal unity of the rural collective both at the heroic and at the structural and subjective level. Such a task materializes both in the sphere of subject organization and in the structure of the text itself, each element of which (artistic space, imagery series, motive complex, objective world, composition, plot) somehow becomes a means of representing the author's discourse.

scholarly journals ANALIZA FLEKSYJNA TEKSTÓW HISTORYCZNYCH I ZMIENNOŚĆ FLEKSJI POLSKIEJ Z PERSPEKTYWY DANYCH KORPUSOWYCH

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-80
Author(s):  
Marcin Woliński ◽  
Witold Kieraś
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Electronic Text ◽  
Modern Language ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Historical Periods ◽  
Over Time

The subject matter of this paper is Chronofl eks, a computer system (http:// chronofl eks.nlp.ipipan.waw.pl/) modelling Polish infl ection based on a corpus material. The system visualises changes of infl ectional paradigms of individual lexemes over time and enables examination of the variability of the frequency of infl ected form groups distinguished based on various criteria. Feeding Chronofl eks with corpus data required development of IT tools to ensure an infl ectional processing sequence of texts analogous to the ones used for modern language; they comprise a transcriber, a morphological analyser, and a tagger. The work was performed on data from three historical periods (1601–1772, 1830–1918, and modern ones) elaborated in independent projects. Therefore, fi nding a common manner of describing data from the individual periods was a signifi cant element of the work. Keywords: electronic text corpus – natural language processing – infl ection of Polish – history of language

scholarly journals The justification of the subject planning history

2017 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-85
Author(s):  
Dejan Djordjevic ◽  
Tijana Dabovic ◽  
Bojana Poledica
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Practical Purpose ◽  
Professional Organization ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Planning History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

Over the last decade of the 20th century the history of the spatial planning was accredited as a subject at schools worldwide, gained its special periodical and accompanying professional organization. When it comes to the Belgrade school of planning, the subject called spatial planning was introduced by the accreditation of the new curriculum at the Department of Spatial Planning of the Faculty of Geography in Belgrade in 2007. Nowadays at the international level and in our country, a serious theoretical discussion on the reach, direction and practical purpose of this subject is underway, and the questions which are posed thereby are sometimes provocative, controversial and far-reaching. These are the most common questions: What is the definition of the planning history? Why teach it? Who can teach it? How to teach it? What is the suitable content of the curriculum of the planning history? Although, this paper aims at the consolidation of the topics and providing the logical connections between the answers to the above questions, it, at same time, reflects the diversity of the individual approaches to planning history, which are the result of the peculiar circumstances in which spatial planning is taught in some countries, with different traditions of planning and different value systems. Nevertheless, the aim of the paper is the definition of something which can be called "intellectual nucleus" of a great topic called history (of spatial and urban) planning and which should be based on the logical theoretical and methodological premises, and, at the same time, should be comprehensible to students, through the flexible curriculum, and it should be applicable in practice.

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