scholarly journals Racial/ethnic disparities in cortisol diurnal patterns and affect in adolescence

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1977-1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lillybelle K. Deer ◽  
Grant S. Shields ◽  
Susannah L. Ivory ◽  
Camelia E. Hostinar ◽  
Eva H. Telzer
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
White Youth ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
Diurnal Cortisol ◽  
Diurnal Patterns ◽  
Racial Ethnic

AbstractRacial/ethnic minorities are more vulnerable to mental and physical health problems, but we know little about the psychobiological underpinnings of these disparities. In this study, we examined racial/ethnic differences in cortisol diurnal patterns and affect as initial steps toward elucidating long-term health disparities. A racially/ethnically diverse (39.5% White, 60.5% minority) sample of 370 adolescents (57.3% female) between the ages of 11.9 and 18 years (M = 14.65 years, SD = 1.39) participated in this study. These adolescents provided 16 cortisol samples (4 samples per day across 4 days), allowing the computation of diurnal cortisol slopes, the cortisol awakening response, and diurnal cortisol output (area under the curve), as well as daily diary ratings of high-arousal and low-arousal positive and negative affect. Consistent with prior research, we found that racial/ethnic minorities (particularly African American and Latino youth) exhibited flatter diurnal cortisol slopes compared to White youth, F (1, 344.7) = 5.26, p = .02, effect size g = 0.25. Furthermore, African American and Asian American youth reported lower levels of positive affect (both high arousal and low arousal) compared to White youth. Racial/ethnic differences in affect did not explain differences in cortisol patterns, suggesting a need to refine our models of relations between affect and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical activity. We conclude by proposing that a deeper understanding of cultural development may help elucidate the complex associations between affect and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical functioning and how they explain racial/ethnic differences in both affect and stress biology.

Does the Tea Party Really Want Their Country Back?

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Parker ◽  
Matt A. Barreto
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Asian American ◽  
American History ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Tea Party ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Racial Ethnic

This chapter analyzes claims made by the Tea Party's critics, who argue that the movement is one rooted in bigotry. The minority and immigrant population in America has grown dramatically, eventually leading to the election of many prominent African American, Latino, and Asian American candidates to office. At the same time, minority groups have continued to promote equal rights, especially civil rights for a range of groups, including racial/ethnic minorities, women, and sexual minorities. Yet, American history is filled with periods during which increasing visibility and calls for equal treatment among out-groups has been repeatedly met with opposition from dominant groups. The chapter calls into question whether or not Tea Party supporters see all Americans as equal members of society entitled to the same access to the American dream.

The State of Asian American Businesses

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Diem Tran ◽  
OiYan Poon
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Asian American ◽  
The State ◽  
Business Success ◽  
American Business ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Business Ownership ◽  
Careful Scrutiny ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Business success is a dominant theme in the Asian American narrative. However, Asian American entrepreneurship is more complex and multilayered than commonly believed and requires careful scrutiny. This brief examines the state of Asian American business ownership between 2005 and 2007. Findings suggest that although Asian Americans form businesses at higher rates than other racial/ethnic minorities, Asian American business ownership and outcomes continue to trail those of non-Hispanic whites. Potential factors contributing to racial/ethnic gaps and policy recommendations are discussed.

scholarly journals Differences in Subjective Memory Impairment, Depressive Symptoms, Sleep, and Physical Activity in African American and Asian American Elderly

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1155
Author(s):  
Minsun Lee ◽  
Jin-Hyeok Nam ◽  
Elizabeth Yi ◽  
Aisha Bhimla ◽  
Julie Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Subjective Memory Impairment ◽  
Negative Health Outcomes ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Background: Subjective memory impairment (SMI) is associated with negative health outcomes including mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. However, ethnic differences in SMI and disparities in risk factors associated with SMI among minority populations are understudied. The study examined the ethnic differences in SMI, whether SMI was associated with depressive symptoms, sleep, and physical activity (PA), and whether the associations vary across racial/ethnic groups. Methods: Participants included 243 African and Asian Americans (including Chinese, Vietnamese, and Korean Americans) aged 50 or older. Demographic information, SMI, depressive symptoms, daily sleeping hours, and PA levels were assessed. Results: Vietnamese Americans reported the highest SMI score. Depressive symptoms, sleeping hours, and PA levels were significantly associated with SMI. Depressive symptoms were the only significant factor across all ethnic groups. Significant interaction effects were found between ethnicity and health behaviors in predicting SMI. In particular, Vietnamese American participants with greater depressive symptoms and physical inactivity were significantly more likely to experience SMI compared to other ethnic groups Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate ethnic differences in SMI and its association with depressive symptoms, sleep, and PA, which highlight the importance of considering the unique cultural and historical backgrounds across different racial/ethnic groups when examining cognitive functioning in elderly.

Show Don’t Tell: Diversity Dishonesty Harms Racial/Ethnic Minorities at Work

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1171-1185
Author(s):  
Leigh S. Wilton ◽  
Ariana N. Bell ◽  
Mariam Vahradyan ◽  
Cheryl R. Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Recruitment Strategy ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Diversity Climate ◽  
Total N ◽  
Fitting In ◽  
Workplace Setting ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Organizations aim to convey that they are diverse and inclusive, in part, to recruit racial minorities. We investigate a previously unexamined downside of this recruitment strategy: diversity dishonesty, that is, belief that an organization is falsely or incorrectly inflating its actual diversity. In four studies (total N = 871), we found that diversity dishonesty heightened minorities’ concerns about fitting in, being authentic, and performing well at the organization. We also found that evidence-based cues (which “show” observers whether the organization has a positive or negative diversity climate), but not expressed cues (which “tell” observers about the organization’s diversity), affect these expectations. Using correlational methodologies, Study 1 found these effects were pertinent to African American and Latinx participants’ beliefs about their current workplaces, holding other diversity-related measures constant. Studies 2 to 4 used experimental methods to replicate these findings with African American participants, using a hypothetical workplace setting.

scholarly journals A Longitudinal Study of IPV Victimization Among Sexual Minority Youth

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 912-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah W. Whitton ◽  
Michael E. Newcomb ◽  
Adam M. Messinger ◽  
Gayle Byck ◽  
Brian Mustanski
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Lgbt Youth ◽  
White Youth ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Physically Abused ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Although intimate partner violence (IPV) is highly prevalent among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth, little is known regarding its developmental patterns, risk factors, or health-related consequences. We examined IPV victimization in an ethnically diverse community-based convenience sample of 248 LGBT youth (aged 16-20 at study outset) who provided six waves of data across a 5-year period. Results from multilevel models indicated high, stable rates of IPV victimization across this developmental period (ages 16-25 years) that differed between demographic groups. Overall, 45.2% of LGBT youth were physically abused and 16.9% were sexually victimized by a dating partner during the study. Odds of physical victimization were 76% higher for female than for male LGBT youth, 2.46 times higher for transgender than for cisgender youth, and 2 to 4 times higher for racial-ethnic minorities than for White youth. The prevalence of physical IPV declined with age for White youth but remained stable for racial-ethnic minorities. Odds of sexual victimization were 3.42 times higher for transgender than for cisgender youth, 75% higher for bisexual or questioning than for gay or lesbian youth, and increased more with age for male than female participants. Within-person analyses indicated that odds of physical IPV were higher at times when youth reported more sexual partners, more marijuana use, and lower social support; odds of sexual IPV were higher at times when youth reported more sexual partners and more LGBT-related victimization. In prospective analyses, sexual IPV predicted increased psychological distress; both IPV types marginally predicted increased marijuana use.

Racial/Ethnic Diversity in Applied Sport Psychology: A Multicultural Introduction to Working with Athletes of Color

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Kontos ◽  
Alfiee M. Breland-Noble
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Integrative Theory ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Applied Sport Psychology

This article examines from a theoretical perspective the most pertinent issues related to providing sport psychology consulting to athletes of color. A review of multicultural concepts including identity, acculturation/enculturation, generalizations, and stereotyping is presented. These concepts provide a framework within which to address issues and examples pertinent to African American, Latino, Asian American, and American Indian athletes. A multicultural sport psychology approach incorporating worldview and integrative theory is examined. Finally, future issues in multicultural sport psychology including changes in the population, female athletes of color, and the need for sport psychologists of color are discussed.

Racial/ethnic differences in end-of-life (EoL) treatment preferences: The role of religious beliefs about care.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6529-6529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy A. Balboni ◽  
Paul K Maciejewski ◽  
Michael J. Balboni ◽  
Andrea Catherine Enzinger ◽  
M. Elizabeth Paulk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Treatment Preferences ◽  
Advanced Cancer Patients ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Aggressive Care ◽  
Eol Care ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Racial Ethnic

6529 Background: Racial/ethnic minorities and patients who turn to religion to cope receive more aggressive EOL care. Beliefs underlying these associations are unknown. Methods: Coping with Cancer is an ongoing, multi-site, NCI-funded study examining factors influencing racial/ethnic EoL disparities. From 11/2010-10/2012, 133 advanced cancer patients underwent baseline interviews, including 7 items assessing religious beliefs about EoL care (RBEC). Univariate analyses assessed racial/ethnic differences in RBEC and EoL treatment preferences. Multivariable analyses (MVA) modeled mean RBEC score as a function of race/ethnicity, controlling for confounders, and assessed the relationship of race/ethnicity and RBEC to treatment preferences. Results: Religious beliefs about EoL care are common and more often held by racial/ethnic minorities (Table); racial/ethnic differences persisted in MVA (p<.0001). Black patients were more likely than Whites to prefer aggressive EOL care (OR=5.03, p=.02), whereas Latino’s EOL preferences did not differ from Whites (p=.87). In MVA including race and RBEC score, Black race was not related to EOL care preferences (OR 1.61, p=0.55), whereas greater RBEC score was associated with greater preference for aggressive care (OR 2.48, p=0.003). Conclusions: Religious beliefs about EoL care are common and significantly more so among racial/ethnic minorities. Preliminary data suggest these beliefs mediate the relationship between race/ethnicity and EoL treatment preferences. [Table: see text]

Gender and the Civil Rights Curricula

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda Robnett
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Native American ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
The United States ◽  
Feminist Movement ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Racial Ethnic

For decades, women in the United States have fought for civil rights. Other than the fight for women’s civil rights, women’s activism in other types of social movements has been largely ignored in textbooks and in the media. Two factors contribute to this neglect. First, historically, women have held differential access to structural and institutional power. Second, with a narrow definition of leadership, researchers focused exclusively on charismatic and formal social movement leaders. However, women served as leaders and participants not only in the Suffrage movement and the second-wave feminist movement but also in the U.S. civil rights movement, the Chican@ movement, the Asian American movement, and the Native American movement. Among the causes, women have fought on the front lines for voting rights; equal employment opportunities; equal pay; desegregated housing, schools, and public facilities; reproductive rights; tribal land rights; cultural and religious preservation; LGBTQ+ rights; criminal justice; welfare rights; universal healthcare; parental leave; environmental justice; and subsidized child care. Women served as formal leaders in women’s movement organizations, and as bridge leaders in mixed-gender groups. As bridge leaders, they fostered ties between the social movement and the community, between strategies (aimed at individual change, identity, and consciousness) and political strategies (aimed at organizational tactics designed to challenge existing relationships with the state and other societal institutions). The African American, Asian American, Native American, and Chicana women’s movements did not emerge after the second-wave feminist movement, which mainly comprised white middle-class women, but simultaneously. In the case of women of color, African American, Latinx, Asian American, and Native American women have struggled for justice and equality on behalf of their specific racial–ethnic groups. Born out of gender inequality within their respective racial–ethnic movement, the activists formulated a multicultural/womanist feminism/womanism that addressed the intersectionality, race–ethnicity, gender, and class dimensions of their lived experiences.

scholarly journals Racial/ethnic variation in trauma-related psychopathology in the United States: a population-based study

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (13) ◽  
pp. 2215-2226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie A. McLaughlin ◽  
Kiara Alvarez ◽  
Mirko Fillbrunn ◽  
Jennifer Greif Green ◽  
James S. Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Organized Violence ◽  
Racial Ethnic

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of mental disorders among Black, Latino, and Asian adults is lower than among Whites. Factors that explain these differences are largely unknown. We examined whether racial/ethnic differences in exposure to traumatic events (TEs) or vulnerability to trauma-related psychopathology explained the lower rates of psychopathology among racial/ethnic minorities.MethodsWe estimated the prevalence of TE exposure and associations with onset of DSM-IV depression, anxiety and substance disorders and with lifetime post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys, a national sample (N = 13 775) with substantial proportions of Black (35.9%), Latino (18.9%), and Asian Americans (14.9%).ResultsTE exposure varied across racial/ethnic groups. Asians were most likely to experience organized violence – particularly being a refugee – but had the lowest exposure to all other TEs. Blacks had the greatest exposure to participation in organized violence, sexual violence, and other TEs, Latinos had the highest exposure to physical violence, and Whites were most likely to experience accidents/injuries. Racial/ethnic minorities had lower odds ratios of depression, anxiety, and substance disorder onset relative to Whites. Neither variation in TE exposure nor vulnerability to psychopathology following TEs across racial/ethnic groups explained these differences. Vulnerability to PTSD did vary across groups, however, such that Asians were less likely and Blacks more likely to develop PTSD following TEs than Whites.ConclusionsLower prevalence of mental disorders among racial/ethnic minorities does not appear to reflect reduced vulnerability to TEs, with the exception of PTSD among Asians. This highlights the importance of investigating other potential mechanisms underlying racial/ethnic differences in psychopathology.

scholarly journals Recruitment and Retention in Diverse Cohorts: Lessons From Community-Engaged Efforts

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 473-473
Author(s):  
Carrie Nieman ◽  
Haera Han ◽  
George Rebok
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
African American ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Behavioral Intervention ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
Intervention Research ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Recruitment And Retention ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Effective behavioral interventions and associated trials reflect the complexity and context of the communities with which they are tailored and the behaviors they seek to address. Community-engaged methodology can serve to capture these complexities, particularly when focusing on health inequities. Significant health and healthcare disparities persist among racial/ethnic minorities and representation of racial/ethnic minorities is lacking within trials that reflects the diversity of the U.S. population. Novel approaches are needed to increase the diversity of participants within behavioral intervention research. This symposium covers the unique barriers and facilitators related to recruitment and retention across a range of populations, including African American and Hispanic/LatinX older adults with hearing loss to diverse dementia family caregivers and community-dwelling Korean American older adults. Beyond the challenges and opportunities, the symposium will focus on effective recruitment strategies. The discussion will include 1) findings from 10 years of recruiting older Korean Americans into community-based trials, 2) lessons in tailoring recruitment efforts to dementia family caregivers, 3) the integration of human-centered design into a community-engaged hearing care intervention targeting low-income and African American older adults, 4) successful recruitment and retention efforts in a community-based participatory research trial in a borderlands community, and 5) the deployment of strategies to recruit Latino, Asian, and African American older adults with depression and anxiety in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. This symposium seeks to build the evidence related to recruitment of older racial/ethnic minorities in diverse settings, which is fundamental to addressing health inequities through behavioral intervention research.

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