Effects of high fat rapeseed press cake on growth, carcass, meat quality and body fat composition of leaner and fatter pig crossbreeds

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Schönet ◽  
F. Tischendorf ◽  
U. Kirchheim ◽  
W. Reichardt ◽  
J. Bargholz
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Press Cake ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Large White ◽  
The Press ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
Lower Impedance ◽  
Rape Oil

AbstractA 3 ✕ 2 factorial experiment with a total of 60 male castrated pigs, live-weight range 24 to 104 kg, was carried out to test three dietary levels of high fat rapeseed press cake in two crossbreeds differing in carcass lean. The six groups with 10 pigs each representing either crossbreeds of Landrace (LR) ✕ (LR ✕ Large White (LW)) (groups 1, 3 and 5) or Pietrain (Pi) ✕ (LR ✕ LW) (groups 2, 4 and 6) were each offered, ad libitum, diets without rapeseed press cake (groups 1 and 2), or with rapeseed press cake: 75 g/kg diet (groups 3 and 4) or 150 g/kg diet (groups 5 and 6). The press cake produced in a small oil press contained 341 g crude protein per kg dry matter (DM), 181 g ether extract per kg DM and 23·3 mmol glucosinolates per kg DM. Rapeseed press cake, particularly at 150 g (3·2 mmol glucosinolates) per kg diet, lowered food intake and weight gain, though only significantly in the Pi-sired hybrids. There were no effects of the diets on leanness, whereas the 550 g/kg of carcass lean of Pi-sired pigs was significantly higher than the 510 g/kg of LR-sired hybrids. Meat of the Pi-sired crossbreeds showed a lower pH (tendency), higher conductivity, lower impedance and higher drip loss. At 150 g/kg diet rapeseed press cake LR-sired crossbreeds showed the darkest meat and the Pi ✕ LR, LW hybrids the lowest sensory evaluation score. In LR-sired hybrids the rapeseed press cake diets increased the backfat polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to a lower degree (1·3% per 10 g rape oil increase in 1 kg diet) than in Pi-sired hybrids (2·6% per 10 g rapeseed increase in 1 kg diet). Using simple correlation coefficients, the sensory evaluation results were negatively correlated with carcass lean and tended to be so with meat fat PUFA content. Pigs should receive less than 2 mmol glucosinolates per kg diet corresponding to 50 to 100 g double zero rapeseed products per kg diet. Rape oil should be recommended according to the animals lean and fat status, respectively. Fatter pigs may receive a maximum of 40 g, leaner pigs a maximum of 20 g rape oil per kg diet.

scholarly journals Оцінка свиней blup методом у племінних господарствах Черкаської області

2013 ◽  
pp. 110-113
Author(s):  
М. С. Небилиця
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Large White ◽  
Energy Growth ◽  
Large White Breed ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Pork Fat ◽  
Assessment Results

Наведено перші результати оцінки молодняку сви-ней великої білої породи племінних господарств об-ластіBLUPметодом. Визначено коефіцієнти коре-ляції між показниками різних методів оцінки та основними селекційними ознаками у ході зняття тварин із контрольного вирощування. Встановлено, що показник оцінки молодняку свиней вітчизняної селекції BLUP методом вірогідно корелює з показ-никами індексної, рангової, а також оцінки за неза-лежними рівнями. Однак найвищі коефіцієнти коре-ляції встановлено з оціночними індексами за серед-ньодобовим приростом і товщиною шпику (r = 0,52) та енерґією росту й товщиною шпику (r = 0,40). The first assessment results of young pigs of large white breed of pedigree farms of the region by BLUP method are presented.  The correlation coefficients between indicators of   different methods of assessment and core breeding signs, when   animals are removed from the   control of cultivationare defined.  It is  found that the rate of assessment of pigs by BLUP method is strongly correlated with the indicators  of  the  index,  the  rank  and  evaluation by  independent  levels.  However,    higher correlation coefficients with estimated indices of the daily increase  of live weight of pigs and thickness of pork fat (r = 0,52) and energy growth and thickness of pork fat (r = 0,40) is installed.

Milk productivity of the cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds in environment of the Novosibirsk region

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zheltikov ◽  
N. Kostomakhin ◽  
D. Adushinov ◽  
O. Zaiko ◽  
V. Dementev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

The characteristic of milk productivity of cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds in LLC “Sibirskaya Niva” in the Maslyaninsky district in the Novosibirsk region has been given. It has been revealed that under the natural and climatic environments of the Western Siberia, when creating favorable conditions for feeding and housing for cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds have sufficiently high milk productivity. It has been found that Holstein first-calf heifers surpassed their Simmental herdmates by 959 kg in milk yield for the first 305 days of lactation under the same conditions of housing and feeding, by 3,1 kg in daily milk yield, by 38,2 kg in milk fat yield, and by 28,3 kg in milk protein yield (P < 0,001). There were no statistically significant differences between animals of Holstein and Simmental breeds in terms of fat and protein content in milk, which amounted to 3,94 and 2,96 % in Holstein breed and 3,97 and 2,98 % in Simmental breed, respectively. Both breeds have shown high milk productivity during the first 3 lactations. Thus, the milk yield of Holstein cows for the first 3 lactation was 6475–9290 kg, Simmental cows it was 5516–7680 kg, fat content was 3,93–3,99 and 3,96–3,97 %, respectively. The protein content in the milk of cows of both breeds did not exceed 3,0 %. High variability has been found in milk yield, yield of milk fat and protein, the coefficient of milk content and duration of lactation, the lowest in the content of protein and fat in milk and live weight. The correlation coefficients between the fat and protein content in milk were generally positive, but did not exceed 0,28. Therefore, breeding in the herd of cows in LLC “Sibirskaya Niva” have to be conducted not only by fat content, but also by protein content in milk.

Indexes of reproductive ability and their repeatability in sows of different genotypes, taking into account the polymorphism g.1426g> a of the Mc4r gene

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Khalak ◽  
Vasyl Voloshchuk ◽  
Konstiantyn Pochernyaev ◽  
Serhii Smyslov ◽  
Maria Ilchenko
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Large White ◽  
Mc4r Gene ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Large White Breed ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Consolidation Coefficient

The results of studies of the reproductive ability of sows of different genotypes are given taking into account the polymorphism g.1426G> A of the MC4R gene, the factor of repeatability of characters is determined, and the economic efficiency of the research results is calculated. The experimental part of the research was carried out in the conditions of the «Druzhba-Kaznacheevka» LTD in Dnipropetrovsk region. The objects of research were sows of the Large White breed. It was determined that sows of the main herd, according to signs of reproductive ability, belong to class I and class elite. The experiment showed that sows of genotype AG exceeded their peers of others (GG and AA) in terms of “born piglets total, heads” by 1.6 and 0.7 heads, “Live piglets born (multiple births), heads - by 1 6 and 0.9 heads, “the mass of the litter at the time of birth, kg” - by 2.7 - 1.3 kg., “the mass of the litter at the time of weaning at the age of 28-35 days, kg” - by 5, 1 - 3.9 kg. The difference between animals of the indicated genotypes is: for large-foetus - 0.06-0.01 kg, the index "evenness of the sow’s litter in live weight of piglets at birth, points" - 1.05-1.84 points, index of N. D. Berezovsky - 3.75 -2.36 points. The index of the safety of piglets before weaning ranged from 84.4 to 93.0 %. It was proved that the minimum value of the index “evenness of the sow’s littar in live weight of piglets at the time of birth, points (7.76 ± 1,082 points) are characterized by sows of genotype AA, in which the rate of multiple pregnancy ranged from 8 to 14 pigs, and the value of the sign“ large-foetus, kg "equaled 1.37 kg. The repeatability coefficient for sows of the main herd and sows of the Large White breed of different genotypes for the melanocortin 4 (MC4R) receptor gene ranges from -0.916 ± 0.1418 (І-IV farrow, genotype - GG, sign - “piglet safety before weaning, %) to 0.978 ± 0.0738 (I-V farrow, genotype - GG, sign - “large foetus”, kg ”). The maximum value of the phenotypic consolidation coefficient was found in sows of genotype AA according to the following quantitative characteristics: “live piglets (multiple births), heads.”, “litter weight at the time of birth, kg”, “litter weight at weaning age of 28-35 days, kg "," the safety of piglets before weaning ,% ". The sows of the genotype GG belong to the unconsolidated group according to the signs of reproductive qualities. The use of sows of the genotype for the melanocortin 4 (MC4R) AG receptor gene provides additional products at the level of 5.15 %, and its cost is 165.41 UAH /head. Keywords: sow, breed, reproductive ability, MC4R gene, genotypic consolidation coefficient, variability, correlation, repeatability.

Influence of energy and protein concentration in the diet on the performance of growing pigs 2. Differing nutrient density at a constant energy: protein ratio

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Lodge ◽  
M. E. Cundy ◽  
R. Cooke ◽  
D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Amino Acid Balance

SUMMARYForty-eight gilts by Landrace sires on Large White × Landrace females were randomly allocated to eight pens and within pens to six treatment groups involving three diets and two levels of feeding from 23 to 59 kg live weight. All diets were formulated to have approximately the same ratio of digestible energy to crude protein (160 kcal DE/unit % CP) but different energy and protein concentrations: (A) 3500 kcal/kg DE and 21 % CP, (B) 3150 kcal/kg DE and 19% CP, and (C) 2800 kcal/kg DE and 17% CP. Amino acid balance was maintained relatively constant with synthetic lysine, methionine and tryptophan. The levels of feeding were such that the lower level of diet A allowed an intake of energy and protein similar to the higher level of diet B, and the lower level of B was similar to the higher level of C.On the lower level of feeding, growth rate, efficiency of feed conversion and carcass fat content increased linearly with each increment in nutrient concentration; on the higher level of feeding growth rate and EFC increased from diet C to B but not from B to A, whereas carcass fat content increased linearly with diet from the lowest to the highest concentration. There was a non-significant tendency for the higher density diets at a similar level of nutrient intake to give better EFC and fatter carcasses than the lower density diets.

The effect on the reproductive performance of sows of dietary protein concentration and pattern of feeding in pregnancy

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. H. Pike ◽  
T. G. Boaz
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Large White ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Lower Capacity ◽  
In Pregnancy

SUMMARYIn a factorial experiment the effect of two protein intakes and three patterns of feeding in the second pregnancy of 48 Large White x Wessex Saddleback sows was examined. The high protein (HP) diet (19·5% crude protein) contained 15% white fish meal. The low protein (LP) diet (10·5% crude protein) contained cereal protein only. Nutrient components of the diets differed in protein only. The pattern treatments involved allowances of 1·8 kg (L), 2·7 kg (C) and 3·6 kg (H) per day, the three pregnancy patterns being HL, C and LH with the changeovers made from the 49th to the 63rd day post coitum (p.c). Sows on the three pattern treatments received the same total amount of feed from 0–112 days p.c. and were treated alike at farrowing and during lactation.Fertility and parturition results were similar for all treatments, but the number of piglets alive after birth (when weighed) was least for LP sows on the HL pattern. At 3 weeks of age the size and weight of litters on HP sows were significantly greater than those on LP sows (P < 0·05 and < 0·001 respectively). More piglets were weaned by HP sows than LP sows (P < 0·05). HP sows gained more weight in pregnancy (P < 0·001) which was slightly longer, and lost more weight in lactation (P < 0·05) than LP sows.The HL pattern of feeding was associated with smaller live weight gains in pregnancy than the LH pattern (P < 0·001) and the total birth weight of HL litters was lighter than LH (P < 0·05), mean piglet weights being similar. Lactation performance was unaffected by pattern treatment.The main conclusion is that a low intake, particularly during the latter half of pregnancy, of protein which is of vegetable origin, is associated with decreased viability of the piglets at birth and in early suckling life, and with lower capacity of the sows for milk production.

The use of premix in feeding of young pigs on fattening

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
A. S. Ivanova ◽  
N. V. Dunaeva
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pork Meat ◽  
Large White ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Selection Of

Increasing the production of pork meat requires careful work not only in terms of breeding, but also in the organization of complete feeding of animals, the correct selection of feed and feed additives containing the necessary nutrients. The purpose of the work was to analyze the use of premix in feeding young pigs on fattening. Two groups of fattening young pigs (Large White×Landrace) have been selected for the researches using the method of analogous groups, taking into account the breed, age, and live weight per 20 heads in each group with a live weight of 35 kg. Pigs of the control group have received the main economic diet, and animals of the experimental group have received an additional premix Khutorok at the rate of 10 g of premix per 1 kg of feed. The results have shown that the best age to reach 100 kg was in the experimental group of pigs – 215,8 days, which received premix with feed that characterizes their higher precocity by 36,3 days (P < 0,001) than in the control group of animals. The use of this premix had a positive impact on the livability of young animals, in the experimental group it was by 9,3 abs.% more than in the control group of animals. Thus, the best fattening traits have been possessed by young pigl of the experimental group have been received the premix Khutorok in their diet at the rate of 10 g of premix per 1 kg of feed. The obtained data indicate the feasibility of using the premix Khutorok in the feeding pigs for fattening.

scholarly journals Nut Selection by Captive Blue Jays: Importance of Availability and Implications for Seed Dispersal

The Condor ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey E. Moore ◽  
Robert K. Swihart
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Discrete Choice Models ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Quercus Alba ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Large White ◽  
Shagbark Hickory ◽  
Black Oak ◽  
Blue Jays

Abstract We assessed dietary preference of 14 captive Blue Jays (Cyanocitta cristata) for different food types under different conditions of availability. In four separate feeding trials, we provisioned jays with the following: Trial 1, two nuts each of white oak (Quercus alba), pin oak (Q. palustris), black oak (Q. velutina), northern red oak (Q. rubra), and shagbark hickory (Carya ovata); Trial 2, two small and two large red oak acorns; Trial 3, two germinating and two nongerminating white oak acorns; and Trial 4, one large red oak acorn, one large white oak acorn, and one shagbark hickory nut. We used discrete choice models to describe selection under conditions of changing choice sets. Blue Jays displayed a clear preference for pin oak and strong avoidance of red oak acorns when alternative foods were available. White oak and black oak acorns were selected intermediately. Shagbark hickory nuts were never used. Correlation coefficients suggested that preference was inversely related to seed size and the proportion of seed consisting of hard seed coat. In the absence of alternative food items, small red oak acorns were readily taken, whereas large red oak acorns were mostly avoided but still used by some birds. These results highlight the importance of considering food availability when making conclusions about preference, and lend support to the hypothesis that Blue Jays can be important dispersers of even less-preferred oak species. We discuss the potential as well as the limitations for Blue Jays to act as seed dispersers, with respect to postglacial range expansion of fagaceous tree species, and in the context of present-day dispersal in regions where forests are highly fragmented.

The protein and energy nutrition of the pig. V. The effect of varying the protein and energy levels in the ‘finishing diets’ of heavy pigs

1965 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Large White ◽  
High Energy Level ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Carcass Measurement

1. A feeding trial was carried out using fortyeight Large White pigs, individually fed in a Danish type piggery. Six different diets prepared at two levels of digestible energy and three levels of crude protein were fed to eight replicates consisting of four hogs and four gilts per replicate. A record was maintained of the weekly live-weight gain and food was given at a defined restricted level in relation to the live weight. Carcass quality was assessed by complete dissection into visible lean, fat and bone etc.2. Of the main effects, energy, supply was without significant effect upon growth, food conversion efficiency (FCE) or any carcass characteristics except body length which was increased with a high energy level. The protein level in the diet had a significant effect upon the percentage of carcass lean and the killing-out percentage, the higher levels of protein increasing both these measurements significantly. Gilts were significantly superior to hogs in every carcass measurement although hogs grew significantly faster.

scholarly journals Genetic Trend and Relationship of Meatiness Traits of Different Breed Pigs Raised in Lithuania

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
Ramutis Klimas ◽  
Asta Klimienė
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Genetic Trend ◽  
Large White ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Observation Period

Genetic Trend and Relationship of Meatiness Traits of Different Breed Pigs Raised in Lithuania The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic trend of leanness for purebred pigs, and to determine the relations between meatiness traits, age and live weight of animals. The estimation of meatiness traits (backfat and loin lean thickness, lean meat percentage) of purebred Lithuanian White (LW), Large White (La.W), Yorkshire (Y), Landrace (L), Duroc (D) and Pietrain (P) pigs grown in breeding centres was evaluated by apparatus Piglog 105, during 2000-2006. In 2006, the average lean meat percentage of purebred pigs in the breeding centres of Lithuania ranged from 56.9% (LW) to 59.5% (D). During the observation period (2000-2006), the genetic trend of the leanness of LW was 6.9% (P < 0.001), La.W and L, respectively, was 2.2 and 2.5% (P < 0.01), D was 1.6% (P < 0.05), Y was 0.2% and P was 0.6%. A higher genetic trend of the leanness in the LW pig breed can be explained by import of English La.W boars. Correlation analysis showed that lean meat percentage of pigs is more related to backfat thickness (r = from -0.84 to -0.95, P < 0.001), than to loin lean thickness (r = from 0.11 to 0.30). Live weight of pigs had more influence on mentioned meatiness traits than age.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document