scholarly journals Associations of intake of antioxidant vitamins and fatty acids with asthma in pre-school children

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 2040-2045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kozue Nakamura ◽  
Keiko Wada ◽  
Yukari Sahashi ◽  
Yuya Tamai ◽  
Michiko Tsuji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
School Children ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamins ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
History Of

AbstractObjectiveIncreasing childhood asthma rates may be due to changing dietary lifestyle. We investigated the association of dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins and fatty acids with asthma in Japanese pre-school children.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingSchool-based survey on lifestyle/diet and health status in children in Japan.SubjectsParents of 452 children aged 3–6 years completed a questionnaire on the children's and parents’ lifestyle and demographics. Children were classified into asthma cases and non-asthma cases in accordance with the ATS-DLD (American Thoracic Society and Division of Lung Diseases of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) questionnaire. Children's diet was assessed using a 3 d dietary record completed by parents. Children's age, sex, BMI, history of food allergy, maternal age, parental history of allergy, maternal education, family size and second-hand smoking were included as covariates. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association between children's diet and asthma.ResultsCompared with children with the lowest intake tertile for vitamin C and vitamin E, those in the highest were significantly inversely associated with asthma; adjusted OR (95 % CI) were 0·35 (0·14, 0·88) and 0·32 (0·12, 0·85), respectively. A statistically significant trend was also observed. Fruit intake showed an inverse but insignificant association with asthma. There were no associations of any type of fatty acids with asthma.ConclusionsThese data suggest that children with high intakes of vitamins C and E may be associated with a reduced prevalence of asthma.

scholarly journals A study on prevalence of refractive error and its associated factors among school children in Tamil Nadu

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1880
Author(s):  
M. Megala ◽  
S. Dhamodharan ◽  
M. Duraimurugan ◽  
K. Chellavel Ganapathi
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Eye Screening ◽  
History Of

Background: Refractive error is an avoidable cause of visual impairment. Children do not complain of defective vision. This warrants early detection and treatment. The study was conducted with the objective of estimating the prevalence of refractive error in school children and its associated factors.Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted in schools of selected district in Tamil Nadu from July 2017 to January 2018. Sample size of 422 covered. A semi structured questionnaire was used to collect the details and also screened for refractive errors. Data was analysed using SPSS.Results: Among the 422 students screened, 86 (20.4%) had refractive error. The prevalence of refractive error showed significant association with age, education and occupation of parents, socio economic status, parental history of refractive error, duration of watching television and body mass index.Conclusions: Refractive errors among school children can be easily identified by regular eye screening programmes, promptly treated can be protected from future complications. Periodic screening of school children is very essential to improve the quality of eye-sight.

scholarly journals Maternal co-relates of anaemia among children aged 1-3 years of age in a rural area of Meerut

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3532
Author(s):  
Tanveer Bano ◽  
Abhishek Agarwal ◽  
Sunil Kumar Garg ◽  
Harivansh Chopra ◽  
Seema Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Education ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Maternal Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Present Cross Sectional Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Iron Folic Acid ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

Background: Iron deficiency anaemia constitutes more than half of the anaemia burden among the under 5 children. In addition to socio-demographic factors, the maternal factors plays an important role in determining childhood anaemia. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of anaemia among 1-3 year old children and to find their association with maternal factors.Methods: The present cross sectional study was conducted in a sub centre village under Machhra CHC. Sample size was calculated as 182 by taking the prevalence of anaemia as 79% with 7.5% relative precision and 95% confidence interval. From the list of 404 children obtained from MCTS data, 200 children were selected randomly. Detailed information regarding socio demographic factors and maternal factors was obtained on a pre tested and pre designed questionnaire. Hemoglobin levels were estimated using haemo check rapid diagnostic kit. The data was collected and analyzed on epi info 3.7.2 using appropriate statistical tests.Results: Out of 200 children 77.5% of them were suffering from mild to severe anaemia. Among all the maternal factors studied maternal education, iron folic acid consumption during pregnancy, birth order of the index case and history of exclusive breast feeding were found to be significantly associated with prevalence of anaemia among the children.Conclusions: The present study revealed a high prevalence of anaemia in children and maternal factors plays an important role in determining the disease. 

scholarly journals Risk factors of coronary heart disease in children and young adults with parental history of premature coronary heart disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Murti Andriastuti ◽  
Sudigdo Sastroasmoro ◽  
Agus Firmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Passive Smoker ◽  
History Of ◽  
Children And Young Adults

Background Morbidity and mortality of coronary heart disease(CHD) are recently increasing. This is related to changes in lifestyle,such as lack of activity and high consumption of fatty diet. Themain cause of CHD is atherosclerosis. The development of ath-erosclerosis takes a long time, is asymptomatic, and might beginin childhood. The important risk factors that have roles in increas-ing the likelihood of atherosclerosis are family history of prematureCHD, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, smoking and irregu-lar activity.Objective The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence ofCHD risk factors in children and young adults who had parentalhistory of premature CHD.Methods This was a descriptive cross sectional study conductedon offspring of premature CHD patients who were admitted in theintensive cardiology care unit (ICCU) of Cipto MangunkusumoHospital between January 1999 to December 2001 and of prema-ture CHD patients who visited the Cardiology Clinic of the Depart-ment of Internal Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital duringMarch and April 2002. Subjects were aged 12 to 25 year-old.Results Among the subjects, 40% had hyperlipidemia, 8% hadhypertension, 11% were obese, 21% were active smokers, 41%were passive smokers, and 73% had irregular activity. Ninety-sevenpercents subjects had more than 1 risk factors.Conclusions The prevalence of hyperlipidemia, hypertension,obesity, passive smoker, active smoker and irregular activity inchildren and young adults with parental history of premature CHDin this study were higher than those in the normal population.Most had more than 1 risk factor, increasing the likelihood of CHD.A screening test should be performed on children with parentalhistory of premature CHD so that early preventive measures mightbe done to minimize the risk factors

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study of Risk Factors for Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Children 8–13 Years of Age in Suzhou, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueping Zhu ◽  
Weichang Chen ◽  
Xiaoli Zhu ◽  
Yueping Shen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Irritable Bowel

To determine the prevalence and risk factors of IBS in children 8–13 years of age in Suzhou city, a cross-sectional study was conducted on children in grades 1 through 6 in public elementary schools in three districts of Suzhou. A multistage stratified random-sampling survey was conducted in a primary investigation using standardized questionnaires. Rome II criteria were used to confirm IBS and their risk factors were analyzed. Of 8,000 questionnaires 7,472 responded satisfactorily for a response rate of 93.4%. IBS was diagnosed in 10.81%. A decrease in the prevalence of IBS was significantly associated with advancing age and grade in school (trend test,P<0.05). The prevalence of IBS in females was higher but not significantly different than males. The significant risk factors for IBS included young age (OR = 0.94), food allergy (OR = 1.53), gastroenteritis during childhood (OR = 1.29), eating fried food (OR = 1.62), anxiety (OR = 1.49), psychological insults in early childhood (OR = 1.47), and parental history of constipation (OR = 1.81; allP<0.05). IBS prevalence of 10.81% in study population warrants preventive measures such as encouraging dietary changes, preventing gastroenteritis and childhood psychological insults.

scholarly journals Vaccination Status and Socio-demographic Study of Laboratory Confirmed Measles Cases in Upazilla Hospitals of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
Rukhsana Parvin ◽  
Zakia Nahar ◽  
Merina Sultana ◽  
Md Golam Mowla ◽  
Tahira Salwa Jabbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Parental Occupation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socioeconomic Condition ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year

Background: Though Bangladesh has done well to reduce the measles cases and measles related deaths through an effective vaccination programme, measles cases are still found in a good number in hospitals. The objectives of our study was to find out the vaccination status of laboratory confirmed measles patients and also to see the socio-demographic status of those patients. Methodology: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in five Upazilla Health Complexes (UHC) of Gazipur district during a period of one year from 01/01/2017 to 31/12/ 2017. The Upazillas included were Gazipur Sadar, Kaliganj, Kaliakair, Sreepur and Tongi. The suspected measles patients were admitted after taking history and clinical examination and confirmed by doing specific laboratory investigation. Measles vaccination status and sociodemographic status of the these confirmed cases were analysed by using SPSS version 21. Results: Blood samples were sent from 93 patients who were admitted during the study period after observing the diagnostic criteria of measles. Out of them 45 patients were confirmed as measles and they are included in the study. Among the laboratory confirmed measles, 28 cases (62.22%) were males and 17 (37.78%) cases were females, ratio of male and female was 1.6:1. The maximum number of patients (62.22%) were in the age group of 9 months to 4 years. Maximum patients came from low socioeconomic condition with a monthly income of 10,000- 15,000 taka. About maternal education, 26 mothers (57.78%) were uneducated, 12(26.67%) below primary and 7(15.55%) up or above primary level. Among the total patients, 27(60%) patients came with pneumonia, 16(35.56%) patients with both pneumonia and diarrhoea and 2(4.44%) patients only with diarrhoea. We found 32 patients (71.11%) received no MCV(Measles containing vaccine) , 11 patients (24.44%) with one MCV and 2 patients (4.44%) received two MCVs. There we found several causes of dropout of measles vaccine. Lack of awareness regarding one vaccine was the most common cause (42.22%) and then ignorance about two measles vaccine (28.89) followed by migration (17.78%) and parental occupation (11.11%). History of contact with measles patients were found in 24.44% cases , no history in 26.67% cases and in 48.89% cases the history of contact is unknown. J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, December 2019, Vol.11(2); 86-90

scholarly journals Association between dietary antioxidant vitamins intake and homocysteine levels in middle-aged and older adults with hypertension: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e045732
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Peng ◽  
Qin Gao ◽  
Juan Zhou ◽  
Jianping Ma ◽  
Dan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamins ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Dietary Antioxidant

ObjectivesPlasma total homocysteine (tHcy) has been implicated in the development of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to assess the relationship of dietary antioxidant vitamins intake with tHcy levels in middle-aged and older adults with hypertension.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingThe survey was conducted in the Nanshan district of Shenzhen.ParticipantsA total of 1465 middle-aged and older adults with hypertension were included between July and September of 2013.MeasurementsHyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy) was defined as tHcy ≥15 µmol/L. Some dietary antioxidant vitamins (vitamin C (VC) and vitamin E (VE), carotenes, retinol, lutein) intake was estimated using the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Sociodemographic and potential covariates were evaluated through questionnaires, anthropometric measurements and blood tests. The association between dietary intakes of antioxidant vitamins and tHcy concentration were evaluated by multiple linear regression analyses after napierian logarithm transformed. Multiple logistic regression models were further used to determine ORs and 95% CIs.ResultsThe β (95% CIs) of VC intake and tHcy was −0.050 (−0.084 to –0.016). Compared with the lowest quartile in the fully adjusted model, the ORs (95% CIs) for HHcy levels across quartiles of dietary VC intake were 0.82 (0.57 to 1.16), 0.49 (0.33 to 0.74) and 0.40 (0.22 to 0.74) (p for trend=0.001). The β (95% CIs) of retinol intake and tHcy was −0.021 (−0.041 to –0.002) and the ORs (95% CIs) in the third quartile of retinol intake was 0.61 (0.42 to 0.86), while the effect for the highest quartile was not significant (p for trend=0.951). No significant association was observed between dietary VE, carotenes and lutein intake and HHcy.ConclusionsA linear inverse association between dietary VC intake and HHcy prevalence, and an L-shaped association between dietary retinol intake and HHcy prevalence were found in Chinese middle-aged and older adults with hypertension.

Under-nutrition and Associated Factors Among Children on ART in Southern Ethiopia: a Multicenter Facility Based Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belete Gelaw ◽  
Chalie Marew ◽  
Tigabu Dessie ◽  
Nigusie Selomon ◽  
Moges Wubneh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Oral Lesion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: Malnutrition is very common in HIV infected individual due to decreased food intake, altering digestion, absorption and altering metabolism and by increasing energy need. Even though data from different settings are necessary to tackle it, evidences are limited especially in case of nutritional status of HIV-infected children. Hence, this study aims to assess the nutritional status and associated factors among children on antiretroviral therapy. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 383 HIV-positive children in Southern Ethiopia. Data were collected using interviewer administered questionnaire and anthropometry measurement. Data were coded and entered into Epi-Data Version 3.1, and analyzed using SPSS Version 25. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with nutritional status and variables with p-values ˂0.05 in multivariable logistic regression were considered as statistically significant factors.Results: The prevalence of wasting among HIV positive children in Southern Ethiopia selected Hospitals was 36.3% (95% CI: 31.6, 41.0), while stunting on the same study population was 5.5% (95% CI: 3.4, 7.8). Rural residence (AOR = 4.1, CI: 2.0, 8.4), lack of maternal education (AOR =9.3, CI: 5.0, 17.3), low CD4 counts (<500) (AOR =4.9, CI: 2.3, 10.4), using unprotected water source (AOR = 3.2, CI: 1.8, 5.8), having non-biological mother (AOR =4.2, CI: 1.9, 9.2) and recurrent oral lesion (AOR =2.2, CI:1.2, 4.2) were significantly associated with wasting. Furthermore, history of hospital admission (AOR =4.9, CI: 1.6, 15.0), recurrent oral lesion (AOR =3.9, CI: 1.1, 14.1), low CD4 counts (< 500) (AOR =3.5, CI: 1.0-12.0), advanced WHO clinical stage III (AOR =4.0, CI: 1.1, 14.2) were statically associated with stunting. Conclusion: This study found that the prevalence of under-nutrition among HIV-positive children in Ethiopia was significantly high. Rural residence, lack of maternal education, low CD4 count, recurrent oral lesion, having none-biological caretakers and unprotected source of water were significantly associated with childhood wasting. On the other hand, history of hospital admission, recurrent oral lesion, advanced WHO clinical stage and low CD4 counts were significantly associated with stunting of HIV positive children. Therefore, timely identification and monitoring of nutritional problems should be necessary to enhance the effectiveness of ART treatment and to prevent further related complications.

scholarly journals Investigating Risk of Suboptimal Macro and Micronutrient Intake and Their Determinants in Older Danish Adults with Specific Focus on Protein Intake—A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Rønnow Schacht ◽  
Mads Vendelbo Lind ◽  
Rasmus Bechshøft ◽  
Grith Højfeldt ◽  
Søren Reitelseder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Dietary Record

Suboptimal intake of nutrients is associated with adverse health outcomes. The current study investigated the risk of suboptimal macro and micronutrient intake and their potential determinants in a cross-sectional study of community-dwelling older Danish adults (65–81 years). Nutrient intake was obtained through a 3-day weighted dietary record and information on personal characteristics and attitudes towards specific foods and dietary habits and nutrition through questionnaires. Dietary Reference Values (DRV) from the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations were used for the assessment. Among 157 participants, 68% and 66% had risk of suboptimal intake of dietary fiber and saturated fatty acids (SFA). For mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), the numbers were 47% and 62%, respectively. Increased risk of suboptimal protein intake was estimated in 3 to 45% of the participants, depending on the criteria used for the DRV and of the mode of expressing protein intake. Fifty percent had intakes of alcohol above the maximum recommended intake. Risk of micronutrient inadequacy was particularly high for vitamin D and thiamine (80 and 45%, respectively). Total energy intake and attitude regarding healthy eating were associated with lower nutrient intake. The current study illustrates that there is room for improvements in the dietary quality of community dwelling older Danish adults.

scholarly journals Clustering of subpatent infections in households with asymptomatic rapid diagnostic test-positive cases in Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea independent of travel to regions of higher malaria endemicity: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianna E. B. Hergott ◽  
Jennifer E. Balkus ◽  
Guillermo A. García ◽  
Kurtis R. Cruz ◽  
Annette M. Seilie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Prevalence Odds Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Travel History ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Bioko Island ◽  
Malaria Indicator Survey ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Prevalence of falciparum malaria on Bioko Island remains high despite sustained, intensive control. Progress may be hindered by high proportions of subpatent infections that are not detected by rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) but contribute to onward transmission, and by imported infections. Better understanding of the relationship between subpatent infections and RDT-detected infections, and whether this relationship is different from imported versus locally acquired infections, is imperative to better understand the sources of infection and mechanisms of transmission to tailor more effective interventions. Methods Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed on a sub-set of samples from the 2015 Malaria Indicator Survey to identify subpatent infections. Households with RDT(+) individuals were matched 1:4 with households with no RDT(+) individuals. The association between living in a household with an RDT(+) individual and having a subpatent infection was evaluated using multivariate hierarchical logistic regression models with inverse probability weights for selection. To evaluate possible modification of the association by potential importation of the RDT(+) case, the analysis was repeated among strata of matched sets based on the reported eight-week travel history of the RDT(+) individual(s). Results There were 142 subpatent infections detected in 1,400 individuals (10.0%). The prevalence of subpatent infections was higher in households with versus without an RDT(+) individual (15.0 vs 9.1%). The adjusted prevalence odds of subpatent infection were 2.59-fold greater (95% CI: 1.31, 5.09) for those in a household with an RDT(+) individual compared to individuals in a household without RDT(+) individuals. When stratifying by travel history of the RDT(+) individual, the association between subpatent infections and RDT(+) infections was stronger in the strata in which the RDT(+) individual(s) had not recently travelled (adjusted prevalence odds ratio (aPOR) 2.95; 95% CI:1.17, 7.41), and attenuated in the strata in which recent travel was reported (aPOR 1.76; 95% CI: 0.54, 5.67). Conclusions There is clustering of subpatent infections around RDT(+) individual(s) when both imported and local infection are suspected. Future control strategies that aim to treat whole households in which an RDT(+) individual is found may target a substantial portion of infections that would otherwise not be detected.

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