scholarly journals Front-of-pack nutrition labelling in the European region: identifying what works for governments and consumers

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (06) ◽  
pp. 1125-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget Kelly ◽  
Jo Jewell
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
European Region ◽  
The Public ◽  
Nutrition Labelling ◽  
What Works ◽  
Positive Indicators ◽  
Policy Priority ◽  
Global Food ◽  
Labelling System

AbstractObjectiveThe present commentary introduces a Health Evidence Network (HEN) report that synthesises evidence of front-of-pack food labelling (FOPL) policy development and implementation across the European Region.DesignCountries were identified as having policies on interpretive FOPL from the WHO databases of Member State policies and online repositories of global food policies. For each identified country, evidence published from 1 January 1980 to 31 March 2018 was retrieved from peer-reviewed and grey literature. Extracted data were cross-checked with in-country representatives to ensure completeness and accuracy.SettingWHO European Region, spanning fifty-three countries.ResultsFifteen countries had a government-endorsed policy on interpretive FOPL. Thirteen of these countries had introduced endorsement logos, while only three labelling systems provided an indicator for unhealthfulness. Common steps were identified in FOPL policy development, including: establishing FOPL as a nutrition policy priority; engaging stakeholders and the public; and collecting formative evidence on which to base the labelling system. Few countries had outlined formal provisions for evaluation of FOPL systems. The HEN report describes seven considerations for the adoption/review of FOPL policies to ensure these achieve the population nutrition aims of FOPL. These considerations relate to supporting consumer use and understanding of the labelling, policy feasibility and credibility, and ensuring policy implementation and accountability.ConclusionsThe HEN report encourages countries to consider FOPL policy that is applied widely across all products and provides negative evaluative judgements, possibly combined with positive indicators. Implementation provisions should drive widespread uptake of the system and allow for formal evaluation of impact.

Comparing The Principalship of Madrasah and Sekolah in The Decentralization Era

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 24-35
Author(s):  
Saefudin A Safi'i
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
School Leadership ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
New Order ◽  
The Public ◽  
Centralized Management ◽  
Decentralization Policy

The downfall of the New Order Regime in 1998 brought about significant change to Indonesia’s public sector.  Law number 22 of 1999, further refined by Law 32 of 2004, provide legal bases for district governments to administer the public sector. The central government also introduces the notion of good governance through the promulgation of various regulations. For Madrasah however, decentralization policy failed to provide clear legal bases as to how it relates to district government. Law 32 of 2004 verse 10 article 3 retains the centralized management by the Ministry of Religious Affairs. This however does not exclude Madrasah from public demand of implementing the principle of good governance. This study analyses the dynamics of principal-ship both in the Sekolah and the Madrasah in the era of decentralization. By comparing two research sites, this study sought to create better understanding about the context by which the organization climate of two different schools are shaped, and how principals and teachers perceives the notion of school leadership in the light of most recent policy development. To do this, interviews were undertaken and questionnaire-based data collection was also conducted. The study found that in the ground level implementation of decentralization policy, Sekolah developed more rigorous leadership compared to that in the Madrasah. This research recommends the adoption of stronger regulation regarding principal-ship of Madrasahs in order to create an environment that is more in tune with the spirit of public service reforms.

scholarly journals Tracking Progress from Policy Development to Implementation: A Case Study on Adoption of Mandatory Regulation for Nutrition Labelling in Malaysia

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 457
Author(s):  
SeeHoe Ng ◽  
Bridget Kelly ◽  
Heather Yeatman ◽  
Boyd Swinburn ◽  
Tilakavati Karupaiah
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Nutrition Labelling ◽  
Policy Windows ◽  
Industry Engagement ◽  
Stakeholder Partnerships ◽  
Implementation Gaps ◽  
Health Experts

Mandatory nutrition labelling, introduced in Malaysia in 2003, received a “medium implementation” rating from public health experts when previously benchmarked against international best practices by our group. The rating prompted this qualitative case study to explore barriers and facilitators during the policy process. Methods incorporated semi-structured interviews supplemented with cited documents and historical mapping of local and international directions up to 2017. Case participants held senior positions in the Federal government (n = 6), food industry (n = 3) and civil society representations (n = 3). Historical mapping revealed that international directions stimulated policy processes in Malaysia but policy inertia caused implementation gaps. Barriers hindering policy processes included lack of resources, governance complexity, lack of monitoring, technical challenges, policy characteristics linked to costing, lack of sustained efforts in policy advocacy, implementer characteristics and/or industry resistance, including corporate political activities (e.g., lobbying, policy substitution). Facilitators to the policy processes were resource maximization, leadership, stakeholder partnerships or support, policy windows and industry engagement or support. Progressing policy implementation required stronger leadership, resources, inter-ministerial coordination, advocacy partnerships and an accountability monitoring system. This study provides insights for national and global policy entrepreneurs when formulating strategies towards fostering healthy food environments.

scholarly journals Building evidence on what works (and what does not): practical guidance from the World Health Organization on post-project evaluation of adolescent sexual and reproductive health projects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Igras ◽  
Marina Plesons ◽  
Venkatraman Chandra-Mouli
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Project Evaluation ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Public ◽  
What Works ◽  
The World ◽  
Practical Guidance ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Over the past 25 years, there has been significant progress in increasing the recognition of, resources for, and action on adolescent health, and adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) in particular. As with numerous other health areas, however, many of the projects that aim to improve ASRH are implemented without well-thought-out plans for evaluation. As a result, the lessons that projects learn as they encounter and address policy and programmatic challenges are often not extracted and placed in the public arena. In such cases, post-project evaluation (PPE) offers the possibility to generate learnings about what works (and does not work), to complement prospective studies of new or follow-on projects. To fill the gap in the literature and guidance on PPE, the World Health Organization developed The project has ended, but we can still learn from it! Practical guidance for conducting post-project evaluations of adolescent sexual and reproductive health projects. This article provides an overview of the guidance by outlining key methodological and contextual challenges in conducting PPE, as well as illustrative solutions for responding to them.

Beyond the Grey Zone: Organization Research Publishing and Bibliodiversity in the Research Communication System

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Academic Publishing ◽  
Grey Zone ◽  
Research Knowledge ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research Communication ◽  
Industry Sectors

Research publishing involves the production, use and management of research in a variety of genres and formats by commercial and non-profit academic publishers, and by organizations in government, civil society, university and industry sectors. However discussion of research publishing mainly tends to focus on the production and circulation of peer-reviewed academic journals and to a lesser extent books produced by commercial academic publishers. Research reports and papers produced by organizations outside the formal publishing system play a critical role in the research and development (R&D) system, yet they are often overlooked in studies on open scholarship and research communication. This is partly due to a lack of terminology to adequately describe the diverse publishing practices of organizations which operate across a spectrum from formal to informal economic activity. In this article I define and contextualise research publishing by organizations in relation to other forms of academic publishing and recent calls for greater bibliodiversity in scholarly communication. Commonly used terms such as ‘grey literature’ or ‘unpublished literature’ are inadequate to describe and account for the proliferation and importance of diverse research genres and formats able to be produced, published and disseminated in print and online by think tanks, government agencies, industry bodies and research centres. By taking a more holistic, systems-oriented approach to research publishing we can begin to understand the diverse actors, institutions and practices involved in knowledge production and develop appropriate policies, infrastructure and management practices to support an effective, efficient, equitable, credible and sustainable research knowledge commons in the public interest.

Reducing Violent Injuries: Priorities for Pediatrician Advocacy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 638-651
Author(s):  
Judith Cohen Dolins ◽  
Katherine Kaufer Christoffel
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Firearm Injuries ◽  
Basic Framework ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Adolescent Victims

A basic framework for developing an advocacy plan must systematically break down the large task of policy development implementation into manageable components. The basic framework described in detail in this paper includes three steps: • Setting policy objectives by narrowing the scope of policy, by reviewing policy options, and by examining options against selected criteria. • Developing strategies for educating the public and for approaching legislative/regulatory bodies. • Evaluating the effectiveness of the advocacy action plan as a process and as an agent for change. To illustrate the variety of ways in which pediatricians can be involved in the policy process to reduce violent injuries among children and adolescents, we apply this systematic approach to three priority areas. • Prohibiting the use of corporal punishment in schools is intended to curb the institutionalized legitimacy of violence that has been associated with future use of violence. • Efforts to remove handguns from the environments of children and adolescents are aimed at reducing the numbers of firearm injuries inflicted upon and by minors. • Comprehensive treatment of adolescent victims of assault is intended to decrease the reoccurrence of violent injuries.

scholarly journals Systemic Challenges Facing Public Procurement Policy Development in Tanzania: An Institutional Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bakari Maligwa Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Institutional Analysis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
Procurement Policy ◽  
Policy Development Process ◽  
Development Data

Public procurement policy is vital for effective, efficient, economic, and transparent functioning of the public procurement system. Policy development is a political decision making platform. This paper tries to do an institutional analysis dwelling on the identification of the relevant systemic challenges and the related issues facing public procurement policy development in Tanzania. The paper utilises institutional and Delphi policy analyses to analyse systemic challenges facing public procurement policy development. Data for this paper were collected through Delphi in-depth interviews and documentary reviews and analysis. Data analysis were done by thematic and Delphi policy analyses. Analyses of data and evidences show that, Tanzania has been evidenced to have no public procurement policy. The public procurement policy development process has been halted for at least four years since 2012 due systemic challenges. The identified and analysed relevant systemic challenges facing public procurement policy development, inter alia, were: neglected politics and lack of political willingness; unrealistic policy process model; failure to achieve the desired qualities of policy development and difficult in achieving the policy qualities and therefore failure to make progress; and incoherent and incomplete institutional and structural changes that led to the emergence of new institutional and structural challenges.

scholarly journals Cultural participation in digital environments: Goals and stakes for Quebec cultural policies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Casemajor ◽  
Guy Bellavance ◽  
Guillaume Sirois
Keyword(s):  
Grey Literature ◽  
Cultural Participation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cultural Policies ◽  
Digital Equity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Policy Frameworks ◽  
Digital Environments ◽  
Funding Programs ◽  
Political Dimensions

Digital environments have expanded the forms of cultural participation. This paper has two aims: first, to elucidate the changing definitions of cultural participation in relation to digital environments; second, to examine the ways in which cultural policies respond to the new digital conditions of cultural participation. Focusing on Quebec (Canada), this paper is based on a critical review of grey literature in the public policy. We identified three main goals pursued by Quebec cultural policies regarding digital participation: 1) to produce and promote national cultural content; 2) to promote cultural equity; 3) to foster digital equity. The analysis shows that these goals partially exceed the scope of cultural policies to intersect with economic, educational, and youth policies. We also argue that policy frameworks and funding programs in support of cultural policies tend to legitimize an overlap of the social, economic, and political dimensions of cultural participation.

scholarly journals FORMAÇÃO DO ENFERMEIRO: POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS NA ATENÇÃO ONCOLÓGICA

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andresa Mendonça Oliveira ◽  
Katia Stancato ◽  
Eliete Maria Silva
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Nursing Education ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Nurse Training ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Impact

Objetivo: Refletir teoricamente sobre a Política Nacional (brasileira) para Prevenção e Controle do Câncer na Rede de Atenção à Saúde das Pessoas com Doenças Crônicas e articulações na formação do enfermeiro e na prática profissional. Metodologia: Reflexão teórica, por meio de questionamentos das pesquisadoras, discussões em grupo e busca na literatura. Resultados: Os trabalhadores que atuam no cuidado ao paciente oncológico possuem papel essencial na efetivação dessa política. Porém, para que sejam implementadas, é necessário que seus princípios estabelecidos façam sentido na formação e nas práticas profissionais. Conclusão: O ensino reflexivo sobre essa política na formação do enfermeiro contribui para melhorias em sua prática, assim como, práticas reflexivas e melhor qualificadas certamente impactam positivamente na formação profissional. O desenvolvimento de políticas públicas com ênfase nas demandas da população pressupõe articulação teórica e prática e transformações sociais.Descritores: Educação Superior; Educação em enfermagem; Políticas públicas de saúde; Prática profissional; Enfermagem Oncológica.NURSING EDUCATION : PUBLIC POLICY AT ONCOLOGI C ATTENTIONObjective: Reflect theoretically about the Public Policies on the Oncological Care, especially the National Policy(Brazilian) for Prevention and Cancer Control in Health Care Network of People with Chronic Diseases and the impact on nurse training and professional practice. Methodology: Theoretical speculation by means of interviews with researchers, group discussions and literature research. Results: Caregivers of oncological patients have an essential role on the effecting this Policy. However, in order to implement this policy, it is necessary that its established principles make sense for nursing education and professional practices. Conclusion: The reflective teaching about this policy in the formation of nurses contributes to improve its practice, as reflective and better qualified practices certainly have a positive impact on vocational education. The public policy development with emphasis on population demands assumes theoretical and practical articulation and social transformations.Descriptors: Education Higher; Education; Nursing; Public Health Policy; Professional Practice; Oncology Nursing.EDUCACIÓN EN ENFERMERÍA: POLÍTICA PÚBLICA EN ATEN CIÓN ONCOLÓGICAObjetivo: reflexionar teóricamente sobre las políticas públicas para atención oncológica, especialmente para la Política Nacional (brasileña) para Prevención y Control del Cáncer en la Red de Salud de Personas con Enfermedades Crónicas e articulaciones en la formación de enfermeras y en la práctica profesional. Metodología: Reflexión teórica por medio de cuestionamientos de los pesquisidores, discusiones en grupo y pesquisa en la literatura. Resultados: Los cuidadores de enfermos oncológicos tienen un papel esencial en la implementación de políticas. Sin embargo, para funcionar, es necesario que sus principios hagan sentido en la formación y en las prácticas profesionales. Conclusión: La enseñanza reflexiva sobre la política en la formación de enfermeros contribuye para mejoras en su práctica, como tal, prácticas reflexivas y más calificadas, sin duda, causan impacto positivo en las prácticas de formación profesional. El desarrollo de las políticas públicas con énfasis en las demandas de la población presupone la articulación teórica y práctica y la transformación social.Descriptores: Educación Superior; Educación en Enfermería; Políticas Públicas de Salud; Práctica Profesional; Enfermería Oncológica.

scholarly journals Web Accessibility Interventions for Citizens Living with Cognitive Impairment: A Rapid Evidence Assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Flynn ◽  
Sara Gartland ◽  
Joe Cullen ◽  
Maria Ana Carneiro ◽  
Jose de Sousa Fialho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Cognitive Disabilities ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Web Accessibility ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Rapid Review

Abstract BackgroundThere is a clear and pressing need to understand the barriers to technology user experience, particularly in relation to people with cognitive disabilities. The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent expansion of digital technologies associated with education, wellness and employment only makes the need to understand how people with cognitive disabilities interact with such technologies, within the naturalistic context of their lifeworld, increasingly urgent. Therefore a necessary first step is to develop a baseline understanding of the current state of web accessibility for people with cognitive disabilities. Thus, the purpose of this review is to conduct baseline research to understand the factors and processes that inhibit access to online content and services for people with cognitive impairments.MethodsThis systematic, rapid evidence assessment, review will employ a search strategy using defined terms within agreed search strings in the following databases: Web of Science, SCOPUS, EBSCOhost, ERIC and ProQuest. Internet searching through Google Scholar will be carried out as well as forward and backward tracking of citations from studies that are included in the review. All results, screening process results will be documented in tabular form and communicated in a PRISMA flow diagram. In addition, the research team consider it necessary to carry out a grey literature search due to the nature of the work being investigated. The expertise within the research team indicated that many programmes that support people with cognitive impairments do not formally report their work through academic dissemination pathways. Consequently it is intended that a grey literature search will be carried out to supplement that findings of study. In contrast to the focus on studies published in English for peer review returns, the grey literature search will actively seek out returns across all languages of the European Union.DiscussionThis rapid review protocol will focus on citizens ages 9 and up who live with cognitive impairment and establish a baseline for best practice in supporting web accessibility for people with cognitive impairments. It will achieve this by providing a time limited state-of-the-art evidence report, specific to the challenges people with cognitive impairment, that will help those involved in policy development, policy response initiatives and localised activity. It is intended that, depending on the outcome of the review process, additional opportunities for innovation and/or research may be communicated to relevant stakeholders and policy makers.Systematic Review RegistrationThis protocol has been submitted to the International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews - PROSPERO, and is currently under review. Reference No. 269245.

scholarly journals Linked government administrative data: Public or Private?

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Stafford
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Data Linkage ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Service Contracts ◽  
Public Data

Background with rationaleIt is commonplace in policy discussions concerning administrative data linkage to presuppose that the data referred to is government services data. But this is not always the case. Much of the data public services hold is now collected via intermediaries, such as Non-Government Organisations, operating under service contracts with one or multiple government departments. Nor are these the only administrative data holdings applicable to clients of government services. There are also vast private administrative data holdings – including utility data, and consumer behaviour data. Creating and amending legislation that governs public service practices in this domain is increasingly made complex when private companies partner with governments agencies on policy development and evaluation work. Understanding the concept of public data for public good in light of this expanded sense of administrative data opens the door to deeper questions about the role linked data can play in government decision making. Main aimThe paper problematizes how legislation governing the linking of government administrative data is scoped and discusses how public service work can be affected by the opaque communication networks that increasingly span the public-private sector divide. Methods/ApproachAfter contextualising the challenge of legislating for administrative data linkage in the current work of the Office of the National Data Commissioner (ONDC) in Australia, this paper tests aspects of the proposed legislation against the extent to which it permits the possibility of ‘data laundering’. ResultsThe presentation demonstrates the need for greater sophistication in the specification of data linkage and sharing legislation in service of the public good. Conclusions This paper indicates that contemporary practices governing the linkage of government administrative data holdings is porous to the aims of extra-governmental organisations and may benefit by better incorporating legislative structures that govern private analytical services entities.

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