scholarly journals Vegetable and fruit consumption associated with anthropometric, dietary and lifestyle factors in Spain

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Agudo ◽  
Guillem Pera ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lineal Regression ◽  
Sectional Analysis

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the association of vegetable and fruit intake with several demographic, anthropometric, lifestyle and dietary factors.Design and settingCross-sectional analysis. Information on habitual diet was collected by means of the diet history method. Association of vegetable and fruit intakes with other factors was assessed separately by means of multiple lineal regression and the cumulative odds model.Subjects39 622 healthy subjects aged 29–69 years from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort in Spain.ResultsFruit intake increased with age, education and physical activity and decreased with intake of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol; smoking and alcohol consumption were also negatively associated with fruit, with a very low consumption for current smokers and heavy drinkers. Vegetable intake increased with education and physical activity and with intake of unsaturated fatty acids, mainly mono-unsaturated. Former smokers consumed more vegetables than never or current smokers and non-consumers of alcohol ate less vegetables than consumers, among whom no differences were observed. All these estimates were adjusted by energy and body mass index (BMI).ConclusionsWhen assessing the association of fruit and vegetables with chronic diseases it is important to take into account confounding factors. Furthermore, it would be useful to study dietary patterns including several interrelated factors.

scholarly journals Diet Content of Non-Saturated Fatty Acids is Related to Lower Plasma Adiponectin in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Suárez-Cuenca ◽  
Diana Elisa Díaz-Jiménez ◽  
Juan Antonio Pineda-Juárez ◽  
Alondra Gissel Mendoza-Mota ◽  
Ofelia Dinora Valencia-Aldana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plasma Adiponectin ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Role ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Introduction. The metabolic syndrome (MS) has been related to the unbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines; where adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory adipokine, is considered to play a key metabolic role. The consumption of certain micronutrients has been claimed to modify pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Aim. To explore whether dietary micronutrients are related with plasma adiponectin in patients with MS. Methods. Cross-sectional analysis. Quartiles of dietary bioactive compounds were compared according to values of plasma adiponectin. Interquartile variation (IQV) and correlation analyses were performed. Results. There was a significant IQV of dietary unsaturated fatty acids (between -50% to -66% of change, p25 vs p75, p<0.05), particularly for trans-fatty acids, poly-unsaturated fatty acids, mono-unsaturated fatty acids and w-6 fatty acids, in relation to plasma adiponectin; as well as a negative correlation (rho= -0.53, -0.37, -0.29 and -0.34, respectively; p<0.05). Conclusion. Dietary amounts of unsaturated fatty acids inversely related to plasma adiponectin in patients with MS.

scholarly journals ASUPAN LEMAK, AKTIVITAS FISIK DAN KEGEMUKAN PADA REMAJA PUTRI DI SMP BINA INSANI SURABAYA

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Jayanti Ayu Praditasari ◽  
Sri Sumarmik
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High School ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Fat Intake

Obesity is defi ned as excessive fat accumulation fat that causes excess weight. Diseases that related with obesity are diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and other degenerative diseases. Factors that affect obesity are dietary factors,history of hereditary, lifestyle, psychological factors, environment, individual, and biological which may infl uence energy intake and expenditure. Consumption of high fat in a long period without any activity for energy expenditure can increase the risk of obesity. This study was aimed to analyse the correlation between fat intake and physical activity with obesity among adolescent girls in SMP Bina Insani junior high school Surabaya. This study employed a case control study design with a retrospective approach. The research participants were 32 female students in Bina Insani junior high school Surabaya (16 control and 16 case samples). Total fat intake was relatively low. The intake of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA) and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) were low while Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA) were high. There was no correlation between fat intake and obesity (ρ=0.240), but there was a signifi cant correlation between physical activity ρ=0.006 (OR= 9.533, 95% CI: 1.847-49.204) with adolescent obesity. The very mild physical activity give a risk as much as 9.533 times greater for developing obesity than the mild physical.Therefore, it is necessary to increase physical activity among adolescent girls by doing sports to reduce the risk of obesity.

Abstract MP068: Dietary Fatty Acids and Coronary Heart Disease in Mortality in the Alpha Omega Cohort

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Famke J Mölenberg ◽  
Janette de Goede ◽  
Anne J Wanders ◽  
Peter L Zock ◽  
Daan Kromhout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Alpha Omega

Background: Replacement of saturated fatty acids (SFA) with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in the general population. Whether this is also the case for CHD patients is not yet clear. In this observational study of Dutch CHD patients, we examined the risk of CHD mortality for the exchange of SFA with total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), PUFA and cis -monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Methods: We included 4146 post-myocardial infarction patients aged 60-80 (78% male; Alpha Omega Cohort) in whom diet was assessed at baseline (2002-2006) by a validated 203-item food-frequency questionnaire. Cause-specific mortality was monitored until January 2013. Iso-caloric replacement of SFA with (subgroups of) UFA in relation to CHD mortality was studied in quintiles and continuously per 5 energy percent (en%), using Cox regression models. Hazard ratios (HR, 95%-CI) were obtained after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, smoking, education, physical activity, cardiovascular drugs (anticoagulants, antihypertensives, statins), diabetes, and dietary factors, i.e. total energy, protein (en%), carbohydrates (en%), trans fatty acids (en%), dietary fiber (g/d) and dietary cholesterol (mg/d). The model for PUFA also included MUFA as a covariate, and vice versa . Results: During a median follow-up of 7.3 years, there were 888 deaths including 249 CHD deaths. SFA replacement was inversely associated with CHD mortality when comparing extreme quintiles of intake, which was statistically significant for total UFA (HR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.21-0.92; P = 0.03) and non-significant for PUFA (0.58, 0.31-1.09) and MUFA (0.81, 0.45-1.49). When expressed per 5 en% (Figure), replacing SFA with either UFA, PUFA or MUFA was associated with a more than 30% lower risk of CHD mortality. Findings were similar when confined to statin users. Conclusion: In well-treated CHD patients, replacement of SFA by UFA is associated with a lower CHD mortality risk.

scholarly journals Dietary intake of fatty acids and risk of pancreatic cancer: Golestan cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Ghamarzad Shishavan ◽  
Sahar Masoudi ◽  
Ashraf Mohamadkhani ◽  
Sadaf G. Sepanlou ◽  
Maryam Sharafkhah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background As pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignancy with poor prognosis, finding strategies for its prevention became a notable priority. Among all the factors influencing the risk of PC, dietary items especially fats are considered as the most modifiable risk factors.This study is designed to assess the associations of dietary intake of fatty acids with the risk of PC incidence. Methods A total of 50,045 adults between 40 and 75 years old participated in this cohort study in 2004–2008 and were followed up to the present. Intakes of fatty acids was evaluated by validated food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) with 95 % confidence interval of differing levels of dietary intakes of fatty acids for incidence of PC. Results At the end of follow-up period, 76 cases of PC were identified and 46,904 participants without history of cancer, acute kidney disorders, fibrosis and cirrhosis were included in the study. Dietary total saturated fatty acids (SFAS) was associated with PC risk (HR = 1.05 (1.01–1.09), Ptrend=0.01), whereas dietary total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAS) was inversely associated with the risk of PC (HR = 0.92 (0.86–0.99), Ptrend=0.04). Dietary total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAS) did show a protective but not significant association with the risk of PC (HR = 0.91(0.84-1.00), Ptrend=0.05). Conclusions The amount of total fat intake is not a risk factor for PC in our study and focusing on the intake of specific fatty acids becomes more striking. Unsaturated fatty acids including PUFAS and especially MUFAS are considered as protective dietary factors in PC prevention. In contrast, total SFAS is positively associated with the increased risk of PC. However, very long chain and odd-chain saturated fatty acids intake may be protective against PC.

Nutrition to Prevent or Treat Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: A GRADE Recommendation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
F. Buckinx ◽  
M. Aubertin-Leheudre
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Modifiable Factor ◽  
High Level ◽  
Low Consumption

Aging is associated with cognitive declines leading to mild cognitive impairments or Alzheimer disease. Nutrition appear to protect from aging. Some dietary factors could either increase or protect against cognitive declines. This article aimed to provide GRADE recommendations related to nutrition aspects able to prevent or to treat cognitive impairments. A comprehensive literature review was performed using Medline database. The GRADE approach was used to classify quality of the existing evidence (systematic review or meta-analysis).The GRADE process led us to formulate seven key nutritional recommendations to manage cognitive declines, but did not allow us to do it for protein, vitamin B or antioxidants. Thus, 1) adherence to a Mediterranean diet (GRADE 1B); 2) high-level of consumption of mono- or poly- unsaturated fatty acids combined to a low consumption of saturated fatty acids (GRADE 1B); 3) high consumption of fruits and vegetables (GRADE 1B); 4) higher vitamin D intake (GRADE 1C) than the recommended daily allowance. In addition, a ketogenic diet, a low consumption of whole-fat dairy products or a caloric restriction are promising nutritional habits although the evidence does not yet support widespread uptake (GRADE 2C). In conclusion, nutrition is an important modifiable factor to prevent or protect against cognitive decline. Nevertheless, more studies are required to determine specific guidelines such as duration and amounts of nutrients to help older adult to maintain a healthy cognitive life.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF AVITAMINOSIS F

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
A. Levitsky ◽  
A. Lapinska ◽  
I. Selivanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Arachidonic Acids

The article analyzes the role of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially omega-3 series in humans and animals. The biosynthesis of essential PUFA in humans and animals is very limited, so they must be consumed with food (feed). Тhe ratio of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA is very important. Biomembranes of animal cells contain about 30% PUFA with a ratio of ω-6/ ω-3 1-2. As this ratio increases, the physicochemical properties of biomembranes and the functional activity of their receptors change. The regulatory function of essential PUFA is that in the body under the action of oxygenase enzymes (cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase) are formed extremely active hormone-like substances (eicosanoids and docosanoids), which affect a number of physiological processes: inflammation, immunity, metabolism. Moreover, ω-6 PUFA form eicosanoids, which have pro-inflammatory, immunosuppressive properties, and ω-3 PUFAs form eicosanoids and docosanoids, which have anti-inflammatory and immunostimulatory properties. Deficiency of essential PUFA, and especially ω-3 PUFA, leads to impaired development of the body and its state of health, which are manifestations of avitaminosis F. Prevention and treatment of avitaminosis F is carried out with drugs that contain PUFA. To create new, more effective vitamin F preparations, it is necessary to reproduce the model of vitamin F deficiency. An experimental model of vitamin F deficiency in white rats kept on a fat –free diet with the addition of coconut oil, which is almost completely free of unsaturated fatty acids, and saturated fatty acids make up almost 99 % of all fatty acids was developed. The total content of ω-6 PUFA (sum of linoleic and arachidonic acids), the content of ω-3 PUFA (α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids) in neutral lipids (triglycerides and cholesterol esters) defined. Тhe content of ω-6 PUFA under the influence of coconut oil decreased by 3.3 times, and the content of ω-3 PUFA - by 7.5 times. Тhe influence of coconut oil, the content of ω-6 PUFA decreased by 2.1 times, and the content of ω-3 PUFA - by 2.8 times. The most strongly reduces the content of ω-3 PUFA, namely eicosapentaenoic, coconut oil, starting from 5 %. Consumption of FFD with a content of 15 % coconut oil reduces the content of eicosapentaenoic acid to zero, ie we have an absolute deficiency of one of the most important essential PUFAs, which determined the presence of vitamin F deficiency.

EFFECT OF GINGER, LEMURU FISH OIL SAPONIFICATION AND OLIVE OIL ON COMPOSITION FATTY ACID OF BEEF

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Siwitri Kadarsih
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6

The objective was to get beef that contain unsaturated fatty acids (especially omega 3 and 6), so as to improve intelligence, physical health for those who consume. The study design using CRD with 3 treatments, each treatment used 4 Bali cattle aged approximately 1.5 years. Observations were made 8 weeks. Pasta mixed with ginger provided konsentrat. P1 (control); P2 (6% saponification lemuru fish oil, olive oil 1%; rice bran: 37.30%; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 100 g); P3 (lemuru fish oil saponification 8%, 2% olive oil; rice bran; 37.30; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 200 g). Konsentrat given in the morning as much as 1% of the weight of the cattle based on dry matter, while the grass given a minimum of 10% of the weight of livestock observation variables include: fatty acid composition of meat. Data the analyzies qualitative. The results of the study showed that the composition of saturated fatty acids in meat decreased and an increase in unsaturated fatty acids, namely linoleic acid (omega 6) and linolenic acid (omega 3), and deikosapenta deikosaheksa acid.Keywords : 

Differential Effects of Dietary Fatty Acids on Body Composition and Adiposity

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Emamat ◽  
Zahra Yari ◽  
Hossein Farhadnejad ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Total Body

Recent evidence has highlighted that fat accumulation, particularly abdominal fat distribution, is strongly associated with metabolic disturbance. It is also well-recognized that the metabolic responses to variations in macronutrients intake can affect body composition. Previous studies suggest that the quality of dietary fats can be considered as the main determinant of body-fat deposition, fat distribution, and body composition without altering the total body weight; however, the effects of dietary fats on body composition have controversial results. There is substantial evidence to suggest that saturated fatty acids are more obesogen than unsaturated fatty acids, and with the exception of some isomers like conjugate linoleic acid, most dietary trans fatty acids are adiposity enhancers, but there is no consensus on it yet. On the other hand, there is little evidence to indicate that higher intake of the n-3 and the n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids can be beneficial in attenuating adiposity, and the effect of monounsaturated fatty acids on body composition is contradictory. Accordingly, the content of this review summarizes the current body of knowledge on the potential effects of the different types of dietary fatty acids on body composition and adiposity. It also refers to the putative mechanisms underlying this association and reflects on the controversy of this topic.

scholarly journals Explore the gene network regulating the composition of fatty acids in cottonseed

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihong Ma ◽  
Xinqi Cheng ◽  
Chuan Wang ◽  
Xinyu Zhang ◽  
Fei Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Gene Network ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Expression Characteristics

Abstract Background Cottonseed is one of the major sources of vegetable oil. Analysis of the dynamic changes of fatty acid components and the genes regulating the composition of fatty acids of cottonseed oil is of great significance for understanding the biological processes underlying biosynthesis of fatty acids and for genetic improving the oil nutritional qualities. Results In this study, we investigated the dynamic relationship of 13 fatty acid components at 12 developmental time points of cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and generated cottonseed transcriptome of the 12 time points. At 5–15 day post anthesis (DPA), the contents of polyunsaturated linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) and saturated stearic acid (C18:0) were higher, while linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) was mainly synthesized after 15 DPA. Using 5 DPA as a reference, 15,647 non-redundant differentially expressed genes were identified in 10–60 DPA cottonseed. Co-expression gene network analysis identified six modules containing 3275 genes significantly associated with middle-late seed developmental stages and enriched with genes related to the linoleic acid metabolic pathway and α-linolenic acid metabolism. Genes (Gh_D03G0588 and Gh_A02G1788) encoding stearoyl-ACP desaturase were identified as hub genes and significantly up-regulated at 25 DPA. They seemed to play a decisive role in determining the ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids. FAD2 genes (Gh_A13G1850 and Gh_D13G2238) were highly expressed at 25–50 DPA, eventually leading to the high content of C18:2n-6 in cottonseed. The content of C18:3n-3 was significantly decreased from 5 DPA (7.44%) to 25 DPA (0.11%) and correlated with the expression characteristics of Gh_A09G0848 and Gh_D09G0870. Conclusions These results contribute to our understanding on the relationship between the accumulation pattern of fatty acid components and the expression characteristics of key genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis during the entire period of cottonseed development.

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