scholarly journals Dietary intake of fatty acids and risk of pancreatic cancer: Golestan cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Ghamarzad Shishavan ◽  
Sahar Masoudi ◽  
Ashraf Mohamadkhani ◽  
Sadaf G. Sepanlou ◽  
Maryam Sharafkhah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background As pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignancy with poor prognosis, finding strategies for its prevention became a notable priority. Among all the factors influencing the risk of PC, dietary items especially fats are considered as the most modifiable risk factors.This study is designed to assess the associations of dietary intake of fatty acids with the risk of PC incidence. Methods A total of 50,045 adults between 40 and 75 years old participated in this cohort study in 2004–2008 and were followed up to the present. Intakes of fatty acids was evaluated by validated food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) with 95 % confidence interval of differing levels of dietary intakes of fatty acids for incidence of PC. Results At the end of follow-up period, 76 cases of PC were identified and 46,904 participants without history of cancer, acute kidney disorders, fibrosis and cirrhosis were included in the study. Dietary total saturated fatty acids (SFAS) was associated with PC risk (HR = 1.05 (1.01–1.09), Ptrend=0.01), whereas dietary total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAS) was inversely associated with the risk of PC (HR = 0.92 (0.86–0.99), Ptrend=0.04). Dietary total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAS) did show a protective but not significant association with the risk of PC (HR = 0.91(0.84-1.00), Ptrend=0.05). Conclusions The amount of total fat intake is not a risk factor for PC in our study and focusing on the intake of specific fatty acids becomes more striking. Unsaturated fatty acids including PUFAS and especially MUFAS are considered as protective dietary factors in PC prevention. In contrast, total SFAS is positively associated with the increased risk of PC. However, very long chain and odd-chain saturated fatty acids intake may be protective against PC.

scholarly journals Modern fat technology: what is the potential for heart health?

2005 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Upritchard ◽  
M. J. Zeelenberg ◽  
H. Huizinga ◽  
P. M. Verschuren ◽  
E. A. Trautwein
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk

Saturated andtrans-fatty acids raise total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and are known to increase the risk of CHD, while dietary unsaturated fatty acids play important roles in maintaining cardiovascular health. Replacing saturated fats with unsaturated fats in the diet often involves many complex dietary changes. Modifying the composition of foods high in saturated fat, particularly those foods that are consumed daily, can help individuals to meet the nutritional targets for reducing the risk of CHD. In the 1960s the Dutch medical community approached Unilever about the technical feasibility of producing margarine with a high-PUFA and low-saturated fatty acid composition. Margarine is an emulsion of water in liquid oil that is stabilised by a network of fat crystals. In-depth expertise of fat crystallisation processes allowed Unilever scientists to use a minimum of solid fat (saturated fatty acids) to structure a maximum level of PUFA-rich liquid oil, thus developing the first blood-cholesterol-lowering product, Becel. Over the years the composition of this spread has been modified to reflect new scientific findings and recommendations. The present paper will briefly review the developments in fat technology that have made these improvements possible. Unilever produces spreads that are low in total fat and saturated fat, virtually free oftrans-fatty acids and with levels ofn-3 andn-6 PUFA that are in line with the latest dietary recommendations for the prevention of CHD. Individuals with the metabolic syndrome have a 2–4-fold increased risk of developing CHD; therefore, these spreads could make a contribution to CHD prevention in this group. In addition, for individuals with the metabolic syndrome the spreads could be further modified to address their unique dyslipidaemia, i.e. elevated blood triacylglycerols and low HDL-cholesterol. Research conducted in the LIPGENE study and other dietary intervention studies will deliver the scientific evidence to justify further modifications in the composition of spreads that are healthy for the heart disease risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Unsaturated Fatty Acids Phosphorylate and Destabilize ABCA1 through a Phospholipase D2 Pathway

2005 ◽  
Vol 280 (43) ◽  
pp. 35896-35903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutong Wang ◽  
John F. Oram
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serine Phosphorylation ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Abca1 Protein

Abnormal high density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism among patients with diabetes and insulin resistance may contribute to their increased risk of atherosclerosis. ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCA1 mediates the transport of cholesterol and phospholipids from cells to HDL apolipoproteins and thus modulates HDL levels and atherogenesis. Unsaturated fatty acids, which are elevated in diabetes, impair the ABCA1 pathway in cultured cells by destabilizing ABCA1 protein. Here we examined the cellular pathway that mediates the ABCA1 destabilizing effects of fatty acids. The long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase inhibitor triacsin C completely reversed fatty acid-induced ABCA1 destabilization, indicating that fatty acids need to be activated to their CoA derivatives to enhance ABCA1 degradation. Unsaturated but not saturated fatty acids stimulated phospholipase D (PLD) activity, the PLD inhibitor 1-butanol prevented the unsaturated fatty acid-induced reduction in ABCA1 levels, and the PLD2 activator mastoparan markedly reduced ABCA1 protein levels, implicating a role for PLD2 in the ABCA1 destabilizing effects of fatty acids. Unsaturated fatty acids and mastoparan increased phosphorylation of ABCA1 serines. PLD2 small interfering RNA abolished the ability of unsaturated fatty acids to inhibit lipid transport activity, to reduce protein levels, and to increase serine phosphorylation of ABCA1. The diacylglycerol analog oleoylacetylglycerol also reduced ABCA1 protein levels and increased its serine phosphorylation, suggesting that PLD2-generated diacylglycerols promote the destabilizing phosphorylation of ABCA1. These data provide evidence that intracellular unsaturated acyl-CoA derivatives destabilize ABCA1 by activating a PLD2 signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Perbedaan Rasio Kolesterol Total/ HDL Kelompok Kontrol dan Kelompok Diet Tinggi Minyak Sawit pada Tikus Wistar

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yelsa Yulanda Putri ◽  
Ellyza Nasrul ◽  
Susila Sastri
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Post Test

AbstrakRasio kolesterol total/ HDL merupakan variabel lipoprotein terbaik dalam memprediksi risiko penyakit kardiovaskular. Peningkatan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular dapat disebabkan oleh tingginya kadar kolesterol serum. Minyak sawit mengandung 50% asam lemak jenuh dan 50% asam lemak tidak jenuh. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perbedaan rasio kolesterol total/ HDL antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok diet tinggi minyak sawit pada tikus. Penelitian ini adalah eksperimental dengan pendekatan post test only control group design. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 10 ekor tikus Wistar jantan yang dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol (K) dan kelompok perlakuan (P). Diet tinggi minyak sawit (minyak sawit 42.5%, 3ml/hari) diberikan pada kelompok P selama empat minggu. Analisis data menggunakan uji t independent. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan peningkatan yang tidak bermakna antara kelompok P dan kelompok K pada rerata kolesterol, yaitu 63.66±9.9(P) 57.39±3.28(K) (p>0.05), rerata HDL 19.44±3.99(P) 17.64±2.00(K) (p>0.05), dan rerata rasio kolesterol total/ HDL 3.26±0.24 (P) 3.31±0.32 (K) (p>0.05). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah kadar kolesterol total, HDL, dan rasio kolesterol total/ HDL pada kelompok kontrol dan kelompok diet tinggi minyak sawit tidak berbeda.Kata kunci: diet tinggi minyak sawit, kolesterol, HDL, rasio kolesterol/ HDLAbstractThe ratio of total cholesterol/ HDL is the lipoprotein variables best predict the risk of cardiovascular disease . The increased risk of cardiovascular disease can be caused by high levels of cholesterol exciting. Palm oil contains 50% saturated fatty acids and 50% unsaturated fatty acids. The purpose of this study was to know the differences ratio of total cholesterol/ HDL between the control group and high palm oil diet group in rats. This research was experimental with post-test only control group. The study sample consisted of 10 male Wistar rats were divided into control group (K) and treated group (P). High-palm oil diet (50% palm oil, 3ml/day) was given to the group P for four weeks. Analysis of data using independent t test. The results showed there were no significant differences in improvement between groups P and groups K in mean cholesterol, 63.66 ± 9.9 (P) 57.39 ± 3.28 (K) in (p> 0.05), mean HDL 19.44 ± 3.99 (P) 17.64 ± 2.00 (K) in (p> 0.05), and the mean ratio of total cholesterol/ HDL 3.26 ± 0.24 (P) 3.31 ± 0.32 (K) in (p>0.05). The conclusion of this study is total cholesterol, HDL, and the ratio of total cholesterol/ HDL in the control group and the high palm oil diet group did not differ.Keywords: high palm oil diet, cholesterol, HDL, ratio of cholesterol/HDL

scholarly journals Circulating Plasma Omega-7 Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (Cis-Vaccenic Acid and Palmitoleic Acid) Are Related to All-Cause Mortality: The Lifelines Fatty Acids Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 532-532
Author(s):  
Yinjie Zhu ◽  
Isidor Minovic ◽  
Ilse Pranger ◽  
Gerjan Navis ◽  
Stephan Bakker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Manuscript Preparation ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Abstract Objectives Determine whether plasma omega-7 cis-vaccenic acid and palmitoleic acid levels are related to all-cause mortality in a general population. Methods Plasma phospholipids (PL) and triglycerides (TG) fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography with polar column and detected with a flame ionization detector in the Lifelines fatty acids cohort study participants (n = 864). Associations with all-cause mortality were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression with adjustment for conventional risk factors. Results During a median follow-up of 9.3 years, 33 (3.9%) participants died. Adjusting for typical risk factors, high levels of plasma PL and TG cis-vaccenic acid, and TG palmitoleic acid were found to be associated with all-cause mortality. A 1-SD increase in PL cis-vaccenic acid, TG cis-vaccenic acid, and TG palmitoleic acid was associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality with HRs (95% CI) of 1.69 (1.17–2.46), 1.54 (1.03–1.15), and 1.44 (1.08–1.92), respectively. Compared to the lowest tertile, the HRs (95% CI, p-trend) for the highest tertile of PL cis-vaccenic acid, TG cis-vaccenic acid, and TG palmitoleic acid were 3.0 (1.05–8.56, 0.03), 2.25 (0.87–5.85), and 3.39 (1.24–9.28, 0.02), respectively. Conclusions Elevated levels of plasma cis-vaccenic acid and palmitoleic acid are risk factors for all-cause mortality. Funding Sources The data analyses from the Lifelines Cohort that were carried out in this paper were funded by Friesl and Campina. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, manuscript preparation and decision to publish.

Abstract MP068: Dietary Fatty Acids and Coronary Heart Disease in Mortality in the Alpha Omega Cohort

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Famke J Mölenberg ◽  
Janette de Goede ◽  
Anne J Wanders ◽  
Peter L Zock ◽  
Daan Kromhout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Alpha Omega

Background: Replacement of saturated fatty acids (SFA) with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in the general population. Whether this is also the case for CHD patients is not yet clear. In this observational study of Dutch CHD patients, we examined the risk of CHD mortality for the exchange of SFA with total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), PUFA and cis -monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Methods: We included 4146 post-myocardial infarction patients aged 60-80 (78% male; Alpha Omega Cohort) in whom diet was assessed at baseline (2002-2006) by a validated 203-item food-frequency questionnaire. Cause-specific mortality was monitored until January 2013. Iso-caloric replacement of SFA with (subgroups of) UFA in relation to CHD mortality was studied in quintiles and continuously per 5 energy percent (en%), using Cox regression models. Hazard ratios (HR, 95%-CI) were obtained after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, smoking, education, physical activity, cardiovascular drugs (anticoagulants, antihypertensives, statins), diabetes, and dietary factors, i.e. total energy, protein (en%), carbohydrates (en%), trans fatty acids (en%), dietary fiber (g/d) and dietary cholesterol (mg/d). The model for PUFA also included MUFA as a covariate, and vice versa . Results: During a median follow-up of 7.3 years, there were 888 deaths including 249 CHD deaths. SFA replacement was inversely associated with CHD mortality when comparing extreme quintiles of intake, which was statistically significant for total UFA (HR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.21-0.92; P = 0.03) and non-significant for PUFA (0.58, 0.31-1.09) and MUFA (0.81, 0.45-1.49). When expressed per 5 en% (Figure), replacing SFA with either UFA, PUFA or MUFA was associated with a more than 30% lower risk of CHD mortality. Findings were similar when confined to statin users. Conclusion: In well-treated CHD patients, replacement of SFA by UFA is associated with a lower CHD mortality risk.

Abstract P114: Interaction of Dietary n-3 Fatty Acids on Cardiac Risk by J-point Elevation in Japanese Men: NIPPON DATA80

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Hisamatsu ◽  
Katsuyuki Miura ◽  
Takayoshi Ohkubo ◽  
Naoko Miyagawa ◽  
Akira Fujiyoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiac Risk ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Early repolarization, characterized by an elevation of QRS-ST junction (J-point) on a 12-lead electrocardiography, has recently been considered an independent predictor of cardiac or sudden death. Meanwhile, protective effects of n-3 fatty acids (FAs) on cardiovascular diseases have been demonstrated in epidemiologic studies and clinical trials. Therefore, we assessed the hypothesis that an increased dietary intake of n-3 FAs may reduce poor prognosis of J-point elevation (JpE). Methods: A total of 4443 community-dwelling men (mean age of 49.5 years) without previous cardiovascular diseases from randomly selected areas across Japan were included for the analysis. The primary endpoint was cardiac death during a mean follow-up of 20.4±6.1 years. JpE was defined as an elevation of J-point at least one lead: ≥0.2mV in V 1-4 leads or ≥0.1mV in other leads. Dietary intakes of n-3 FAs were calculated by a combined method using household-based food-weighing records and an approximation of the proportions of each dish or food shared in the household. The hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence interval [95%CI]) of JpE for cardiac death were estimated by Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, smoking status, drinking habits, medication status, cohort, heart rate, dietary sodium, dietary fiber, dietary saturated fatty acids, high R wave on electrocardiography (based on Minnesota Codes 3.1 and 3.3), and suspected coronary heart disease on electrocardiography (based on Minnesota Codes 1.1 to 1.3, 5.1 to 5.2, 4.1 to 4.3, 7.1, and 7.4). Results: JpE were present in 153 of 2176 (7.0%) and 187 of 2267 (8.2%) individuals in low (<the median n-3 FAs level of 1.06%kcal) and high (≥1.06%kcal) n-3 FAs groups, respectively. During follow-up period, the number of deaths from cardiac causes in low and high n-3 FAs groups were 128 (5.9%) and 85 (3.7%), respectively. In the low n-3 FAs group, individuals with JpE had a significantly higher HR of cardiac death than those without JpE (2.77; 95%CI, 1.60-4.82; P=0.001). In contrast, in the high n-3 FAs group, a HR was not significantly increased (0.85; 95%CI, 0.37-1.97; P=0.711) (P for n-3 FAs-JpE interaction = 0.032). Conclusions: An increased risk of cardiac death related to JpE was attenuated in individuals with higher dietary intake of n-3 FAs, suggesting that a higher n-3 FAs intake may prevent long-term cardiac risk associated with JpE

scholarly journals Vegetable and fruit consumption associated with anthropometric, dietary and lifestyle factors in Spain

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Agudo ◽  
Guillem Pera ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Fruit Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lineal Regression ◽  
Sectional Analysis

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the association of vegetable and fruit intake with several demographic, anthropometric, lifestyle and dietary factors.Design and settingCross-sectional analysis. Information on habitual diet was collected by means of the diet history method. Association of vegetable and fruit intakes with other factors was assessed separately by means of multiple lineal regression and the cumulative odds model.Subjects39 622 healthy subjects aged 29–69 years from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort in Spain.ResultsFruit intake increased with age, education and physical activity and decreased with intake of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol; smoking and alcohol consumption were also negatively associated with fruit, with a very low consumption for current smokers and heavy drinkers. Vegetable intake increased with education and physical activity and with intake of unsaturated fatty acids, mainly mono-unsaturated. Former smokers consumed more vegetables than never or current smokers and non-consumers of alcohol ate less vegetables than consumers, among whom no differences were observed. All these estimates were adjusted by energy and body mass index (BMI).ConclusionsWhen assessing the association of fruit and vegetables with chronic diseases it is important to take into account confounding factors. Furthermore, it would be useful to study dietary patterns including several interrelated factors.

The relationship between dietary intakes during pregnancy and incidence of postpartum depression: a case-control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-764
Author(s):  
Shirin Amini ◽  
Sima Jafarirad ◽  
Reza Amani ◽  
Mehdi Sayyah Bargard ◽  
Bahman Cheraghian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

Purpose Post-partum depression (PPD) is a mood disorder that affects 20-40 per cent of women in their post-delivery period worldwide. The purpose of this paper is to compare dietary intakes of energy, macronutrients, cholesterol, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), some micronutrients and antioxidants in PPD patients with healthy controls. Design/methodology/approach This case-control study was conducted on 163 women in postpartum period (81 PPD and 82 non-PPD) using Edinburgh questionnaire for the diagnosis of PPD. Dietary nutrients intake was assessed using 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Portion sizes of food items were converted to grams per day. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between tertiles of dietary intakes with the odds ratio (OR) of PPD. Findings According to the fully adjusted model, highest tertile compared to lowest tertile dietary intake of SFAs [OR = 0.01; 95 per cent confidence interval (CI) = 0.00, 0.01, p = 0.001], MUFAs (OR = 0.01; 95 per cent CI = 0.00, 0.02, p < 0.001), total fats (OR = 0.01; 95 per cent CI =0.00, 0.01, p < 0.001) and cholesterol (OR = 0.06 ; 95 per cent CI = 0.01, 0.08, p < 0.001), thiamine (OR = 0.01; 95 per cent CI = 0.00, 0.01, p < 0.001), riboflavin (OR = 0.10; 95 per cent CI = 0.02, 0.39, p < 0.001), pyridoxine (OR = 0.03; 95 per cent CI =0.01, 0.32, p < 0.001), folate (OR = 0.01; 95 per cent CI = 0.00, 0.01, p < 0.001), cobalamine (OR = 0.01; 95 per cent CI = 0.00, 0.01, p < 0.001) , selenium (OR = 0.79 ; 95 per cent CI =1.36, 3.32, p < 0.001), iron (OR =0.68; 95 per cent CI = 0.24, 0.94, p < 0.001) and iodine (OR = 0.36; 95 per cent CI =1.10, 1.38, p < 0.001) had a protective effect on the incidence of PPD. Furthermore, higher intake of vitamin A and beta-cryptoxanthin can increase the incidence of PPD (OR =114.29; 95 per cent CI =17.85, 118.12, p < 0.001) and (OR = 4.85; 95 per cent CI = 1.49, 15.69, p = 0.015), respectively. Originality/value PPD may have destructive effects on the relationship between mother and infant. Results of previous studies demonstrated nutrients are required for the synthesis of neurotransmitters and have biochemical role in the nervous system.

scholarly journals Plasma, Urine, and Adipose Tissue Biomarkers of Dietary Intake Differ Between Vegetarian and Non-Vegetarian Diet Groups in the Adventist Health Study-2

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fayth L Miles ◽  
Jan Irene C Lloren ◽  
Ella Haddad ◽  
Karen Jaceldo-Siegl ◽  
Synnove Knutsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tissue Biomarkers ◽  
Adventist Health Study

ABSTRACT Background Differences in food composition, nutrient intake, and various health outcomes have been reported for vegetarians and non-vegetarians in the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2) cohort. Objective We sought to determine whether biomarkers of dietary intake also differed between individuals classified as vegetarian (vegan, lacto-ovo-vegetarian, pesco-vegetarian, semi-vegetarian) and non-vegetarians based on patterns of consumption of meat, dairy, and eggs. Methods Fasting plasma, overnight urine, and adipose tissue samples were collected from a representative subset of AHS-2 participants classified into 5 diet groups (vegan, lacto-ovo-vegetarian, pesco-vegetarian, semi-vegetarian, non-vegetarian) who also completed food-frequency questionnaires. Diet-related biomarkers including carotenoids, isoflavones, enterolactone, saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and vitamins were analyzed in 840 male and female participants. Multiple linear regression was used to examine the association between diet pattern and biomarker abundance, comparing each of 4 vegetarian dietary groups to non-vegetarians, and adjusted mean values were calculated. Bonferroni correction was applied to control for multiple testing. Results Vegans had higher plasma total carotenoid concentrations (1.6-fold, P &lt; 0.0001), and higher excretion of urinary isoflavones (6-fold, P &lt; 0.0001) and enterolactone (4.4-fold) compared with non-vegetarians. Vegans had lower relative abundance of saturated fatty acids including myristic, pentadecanoic, palmitic, and stearic acids (P &lt; 0.0001). Vegans had higher linoleic acid (18:2ω-6) relative to non-vegetarians (23.3% compared with 19.1%) (P &lt; 0.0001), and a higher proportion of total ω-3 fatty acids (2.1% compared with 1.6%) (P &lt; 0.0001). Results overall were similar but less robust for lacto-ovo- and pesco-vegetarians. 1-Methylhistidine was 92% lower in vegans, and lower in lacto-ovo- and pesco-vegetarians by 90% and 80%, respectively, relative to non-vegetarians (P &lt; 0.0001). Conclusion AHS-2 participants following vegan, and lacto-ovo- or pesco-vegetarian diet patterns have significant differences in plasma, urine, and adipose tissue biomarkers associated with dietary intakes compared with those who consume a non-vegetarian diet. These findings provide some validation for the prior classification of dietary groups within the AHS-2 cohort.

scholarly journals The association between dietary fatty acid intake and the risk of developing preeclampsia: a matched case–control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-na Li ◽  
Yan-hua Liu ◽  
Ze-yan Luo ◽  
Yun-feng Cui ◽  
Yuan Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acid Intake

AbstractThe association between dietary fat intake during pregnancy and the risk of developing preeclampsia has been examined in many epidemiological studies, but the results remain inconsistent. The aim of this study was to clarify this association in pregnant Chinese women. After conducting 1:1 matching, 440 pairs consisting of pregnant women with preeclampsia and hospital-based, healthy pregnant women matched by gestational week (± 1 week) and age (± 3 years) were recruited. A 79-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire administered during face-to-face interviews was used to estimate the participants’ dietary intake of fatty acids. We found that the intakes of arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were inversely associated with the risk of developing preeclampsia. Compared with the lowest quartile intake, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of the highest quartile intake were 0.42 (0.26–0.68, p-trend < 0.001) for EPA, 0.52 (0.3–0.83, p-trend = 0.005) for DHA, and 0.41 (0.19–0.88, p-trend = 0.007) for AA. However, we did not observe any significant associations between the intake of total fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, and mono-unsaturated fatty acids and the risk of developing preeclampsia. Our results showed that the dietary intake of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (i.e., EPA, DHA, and AA) may protect pregnant Chinese women against the development of preeclampsia.

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