Total Enterobacteriaceae counts as an indicator of the internal hygiene of feed mills

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 99-99
Author(s):  
A. D. Wood ◽  
K. Howard ◽  
A. L. Mills ◽  
P. E. V. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Feed Processing ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Heat And Moisture ◽  
Feed Mill

Raw materials used in feed manufacture are contaminated with high (>104cfu/g) levels of enterobacteriaceae indicating the potential for contamination with pathogenic bacteria such as salmonella (Woodet al.2001). There is urgent need to reduce the contamination of animal feed with zoonoses such as salmonella and campylobacter. During manufacture of feedingstuffs, heat and moisture are used to process and sterilise feed but this can also provide conditions for microbial growth. High temperature treatment used to sterilise feed will not protect feedingstuffs from recontamination, if residual microbial contamination remains in the feed mill. It is essential to understand the influence of feed processing and the feed mill environment on the microbial contamination of feed.

Feed Authentication as an Essential Component of Food Safety and Control

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
L. Pinotti ◽  
V.M. Moretti ◽  
A. Baldi ◽  
F. Bellagamba ◽  
A. Campagnoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Consumer Concerns ◽  
Food Components ◽  
Supply Industry ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Pathogenic Agents ◽  
And Control ◽  
Analytical Approaches

The protracted outbreak of mad-cow disease, repeated episodes of dioxin and mycotoxin contamination, and the issue of labelling genetically modified foods have severely shaken public confidence in the food supply industry, increasing consumer concerns about the origins of the raw materials used in both animal feed and food products. The need to develop improved techniques to characterize feed and food components has consequently become more urgent, and DNA-based technologies promise to be able to meet these needs. DNA methods can establish the origin of species in meat- and fish-based products and feed ingredients, and are the most reliable analytical approaches for authenticating processed foodstuffs. The identification of ingredients in processed feed and food is mandatory not only to ensure correct labelling and assessment of value, but also to avoid health risks related to the presence of toxic contaminants or pathogenic agents.

Evaluation of Microbial Hazards during Processing of Spanish Prepared Flamenquín

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 693-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARÍA G. CÓRDOBA ◽  
JUAN J. CÓRDOBA ◽  
RAFAEL JORDANO
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Meat Product ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Critical Control Points ◽  
Cooked Ham ◽  
Commercial Process ◽  
Microbiological Analyses

Flamenquín is a traditional, prepared, frozen meat product from the south of Spain made with minced pork, chicken, and cooked ham. Since it is a prepared raw meat product some microbial hazards could be associated with the process of making it. Microbiological analyses have been performed throughout the various steps of processing over a 1-year period to evaluate microbial hazards in the commercial process. High levels of microorganisms were observed all through the processing of this product, the mincing and mixing steps being where major microbial contamination was observed. Pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were detected during processing. Raw materials and food handlers were the principal sources of microbial contamination. A modification of processing to include a heating step after mincing and mixing and an improvement in hygiene practices could eliminate the microbial hazards. Both modifications should be noted for the implementation of a hazard analysis of critical control points (HACCP) program in commercial flamenquín processing.

DETERMINANTS OF THE SELECTION OF RAW MATERIALS USED IN ANIMAL FEED PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
Vol XXII (2) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
Magdalena Śmiglak-Krajewska
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Selection Of

The main purpose of this paper was to identify the factors affecting the selection of raw materials used by feed operators in feed production. An attempt was also made to indicate the barriers to increasing the use of native protein plants by feed operators in feed production. Today, many EU countries (including Poland) primarily rely on vegetable protein derived from genetically modified soya bean meal (mainly imported from South America and the U.S.) in addressing their needs for protein raw material used in animal feed. For many years now, Poland has taken steps to increase the production and use of native protein raw material to partially replace soya bean meal imports. The use of mixes of diverse domestic protein sources derived from grain legumes (peas, field beans, lupine) can provide an advantageous alternative to compound feeding stuff based on imported post-extraction soya bean meal. To meet the objective defined above, this paper relied on the results of a 2018 survey conducted with a sample of 29 feed operators located across the country. More than half (55%) of the enterprises surveyed did not use legumes in feed production; the use of legumes was above 10% in only 3% of respondents. When asked about the key factors affecting the selection of raw materials used in production processes, the respondents declared to be interested in buying large batches of homogeneous raw materials that meet specific quality parameters (33% replied “rather yes” and 67% replied “definitely yes”). The protein content of plant seeds used in feed production was identified as another aspect of extreme importance (55% replied “rather yes” and 24% replied “definitely yes”).

scholarly journals Bioteknologi Fermentasi Jerami Padi Tinggi Nutrisi, Guna Meningkatkan Kemandirian dan Kesejahteraan Peternak di Desa Kalibendo

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Roni Yulianto ◽  
Nurwidodo Nurwidodo ◽  
Desy Cahya Widianingrum ◽  
Himmatul Khasanah
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Feed Processing ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Fermented Feed ◽  
Village Government

Abstrak: Kabupaten Lumajang memiliki lahan pertanian dan perkebunan dengan komoditi utamanya adalah tanaman padi, jagung dan kopi. Banyak sekali limbah yang belum termanfaatkan, berawal dari program KKN, potensi daerah di Desa Kalibendo, Kecamatan Pasirian, Kabupaten Lumajang sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan salah satunya “Bioteknologi fermentasi jerami padi tinggi nutrisi, guna meningkatkan kemandirian dan kesejahteraan peternak di Desa Kalibendo, Kecamatan Pasiria, Kabupaten Lumajang”. Pendampingan dari instansi terkait edukasi dalam bioteknologi pengolahan pakan berkualitas secara mandiri dari bahan baku lokal yang ada dari limbah pertanian setempat dapat memenuhi ketersediaan pakan ternak baik dari segi kualitas maupun kuantitas. Pemanfaatan Limbah jerami padi menggunakan bioteknologi fermentasi untuk pakan ternak ruminansia (sapi, kambing/domba) perlu terus dikembangkan, karena dengan fermentasi dapat meningkatkan kualitas nutrisi pakan ternak, dan memanfatkan limbah hasil pertanian menjadi berdaya guna sehingga tidak terbuang begitu saja, dan bisa digunakan dalam jangka waktu yang lama untuk ketersediaan pakan ternak pada saat musim kemarau atau disaat hijauan sudah mulai berkurang. Target dari Program Pengabdian Desa Binaan yaitu bersama dengan pemerintah Desa Kalibendo melakukan pemberdayaan petani-peternak dalam pengolahan pakan ternak fermentasi, sehingga dapat mewujudkan kemandirian dan kesejahteraan peternak.Abstract: Lumajang Regency has extensive agricultural and plantation land, especially rice, corn, and coffee crops, a lot of waste that has not been utilized. Starting from the KKN program, regional potential in Kalibendo Village, Pasirian District, Lumajang Regency is very potential to be developed, one of which is Biotechnology for fermented rice straw with high nutrition, to increase the independence and welfare of breeders in Kalibendo village, Pasiria district, Lumajang Regency. Assistance from educational institutions related to quality feed processing biotechnology independently from existing local raw materials from local agricultural waste can meet animal feed availability in terms of quality and quantity. Utilization of rice straw waste uses biotechnology for ruminant animal feed (cows, goats/sheep), it needs to be continuously developed because fermentation can improve the nutritional quality of animal feed, and utilize agricultural waste to be efficient so that it is not wasted, and can be used in a long period for the availability of fodder during the dry season when the forage has diminished. The Assisted Village Service Program's target is to collaborate with the Kalibendo Village government to empower farmers in the processing of fermented feed so that they can realize the independence and welfare of the breeders.

Thermal Treatment of New Inorganic Thermal Insulation Board Based on Expanded Perlite

2012 ◽  
Vol 560-561 ◽  
pp. 249-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blaž Skubic ◽  
Mitja Lakner ◽  
Igor Plazl
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Expanded Perlite ◽  
The Right

A new lightweight thermal insulation board, containing expanded perlite and inorganic silicate binder with corresponding industrial production procedure was developed. The industrial technology was developed in cooperation between company Trimo d.d. and Faculty of chemistry and chemical technology Ljubljana and among others includes mixing of raw materials, molding, microwave drying and high temperature treatment of the dried board. A new product has low density (130 – 160 kg/m3), good mechanical properties and durability and can be used in various fields where inorganic thermal insulation is required. The current work presents the experimental study of the final process during plate production – high temperature treatment with sintering. During thermal treatment of the board, certain shrinkage is required to obtain sufficient mechanical properties and durability. Controlling the process of high temperature thermal treatment is the key to achieve the right balance between low final density of the board and its good mechanical properties.

Solid - Phase Transformations of Anthracene in High Temperature Treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1866-1871
Author(s):  
Luciana Lezira Pereira Almeida ◽  
Ana Lúcia Diegues Skury ◽  
R.S. Guimarães ◽  
Sérgio Neves Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Diamond Synthesis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xrd Techniques

The process of diamond synthesis using metal as a catalyst-solvent is a great method of industrial production by using high pressures and high temperatures. Several aromatic hydrocarbons are already studied for the process of graphitization of carbon, many have already been tried for use as raw materials for diamond synthesis. The graphitization of anthracene was carried out at a pressure of 3Gpa at a temperature of 1000°C. The graphite was produced in mixed Ni-Mn alloy for diamond synthesis process at a pressure of 4.5 GPa at a temperature of 500° to 1300°C. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to characterize the transformation of graphite into diamond produced with anthracene starting at high pressures and high temperatures. The results of this study show that there is a diamond shape through an aromatic hydrocarbon at high pressures and temperatures with a catalyst-solvent process.

scholarly journals Prospects for the use of diabases of the crystal base of Belarus to obtain silicate materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-124
Author(s):  
S. E. Barantseva ◽  
Yu. A. Klimosh ◽  
N. N. Gundilovich ◽  
A. I. Pazniak ◽  
A. A. Tolkachikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Mineral Fibers ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Produce Glass ◽  
Silicate Materials

The paper presents the study results of diabases of rare-earth and beryllium-containing deposit of the Republicof Belarusin order to determine their suitability for the production of silicate materials and products for various purposes. The data obtained allowed developing raw compositions and optimizing the technological parameters to produce glass, mineral fibers, glass ceramics, stone casting, ceramic bricks and tiles, as well as porous aggregates. The regularities of structure and phase formation during high-temperature treatment of raw compositions of silicate materials using diabases are established. The results of the work allow us to establish the features of the production of silicate materials containing diabase as main raw material of compositions, to increase mineral and raw-materials base of Belarusand to improve the environmental situation in mining enterprises.

scholarly journals Influence of IR radiation on the biological value of flax seeds

2021 ◽  
pp. 144-146
Author(s):  
Irina E. Minevich ◽  
Igor V. Uschapovsky
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ir Radiation ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Flax Seeds

Relevance. The growing demand for flax seeds as a biologically active food component is explained by the rising interest to the healthy lifestyle. In this regard, the requirements for food safety of biologically active raw materials are increasing. Heat treatment of plant materials is an effective method for the eliminating of factors that reduce nutritional and biological value food components. Thermal treatment of flax seeds with infra-red irradiation (IR) is a promising direction for the stabilizing of seeds component composition. Short-term high-temperature treatment of raw materials under the influence of IR (micronization) increases the microbiological purity of raw materials. However, there is not enough information about how the biological value parameters changing. The aim of this study was to study the effect of the micronization process on the biological value of flax seeds.Results. Total protein content of tested flax seeds did not changed after applying of IR treatment. The increase in the content of crude oil in micronized flax seeds is explained by the conversion of phospholipids into extractable lipids. A comparative analysis of the protein complex of flax seeds before and after micronization showed a change in the ratio of protein fractions: the content of the water-soluble fraction (albumin) decreased in four-times, the content of glutens, an alkali-soluble fraction, increased significantly, the content of globulins slightly increased. Around 20% of proteins passed into an insoluble residue. The adequacy of the final results of the low temperature cold-pressing and the short-term high-temperature treatment with IR radiation in the ratio of protein fractions in flax seeds was shown. Changes in the ratio of protein fractions occurring during these technological operations are similar. It was concluded that under the influence of shortterm high-temperature IR-treatment the soft denaturation of the proteins is occurred. That effect of micronization on flax seed increases the protein digestibility

scholarly journals PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF FRUIT-FILLED COTTAGE CHEESE FOR BABY FOOD OVER 6 MONTHS OF AGE

2022 ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
E. V. Boyarshinova
Keyword(s):  
Production Technology ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Cottage Cheese ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Customs Union

   Currently, cottage cheese is one of the leading dairy products for infants’ nutrition. Today, the urgent task is to expand the range of sour-milk products by developing a technology for cottage cheese production with the addition of a fruit filler. The object of research is cottage cheese for the diet of children over six months. The cottage cheese is produced from whole milk subjected to high-temperature treatment with the use of starter microorganisms and with the addition of fruit filler “Banana”. The children’s curd recipe developed by the authors included the following raw materials and components: milk with the mass fraction of fat 3.4 %, skim milk with the mass fraction of fat 0.05 %, direct injection starter Flora C-170, fruit filler “Banana”. Production technology included the following stages: receiving and preparing raw materials, normalization of milk, homogenization, pasteurization and cooling of the normalized mixture, fermentation, ultrafiltration of curd clot, cooling and ripening of the product. The authors conducted laboratory studies of cottage cheese to assess the quality and safety of the resulting product. The products meet the requirements of GOST 32927-2014 for organoleptic indicators: taste and smell, appearance and consistency, colour. The products also meet the needs of the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union (TR CU) 033/2013 “On safety of milk and dairy products” in terms of microbiological and antibiotic content.

scholarly journals A study of radicals in industrial raw cristobalite powders

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Di Benedetto ◽  
Andrea Giaccherini ◽  
Maurizio Romanelli ◽  
Giordano Montegrossi ◽  
Elena Belluso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Energy Dispersive Microanalysis ◽  
Structural Coherence ◽  
Artificial Stone ◽  
Electron Paramagnetic

AbstractWe report the results of an experimental multianalytical characterisation of industrial cristobalite powders, used as raw materials for artificial stone production. Cristobalite is considered a serious threat to human health. The study was carried out through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive microanalysis (SEM/EDS), continuous-wave (cw) and pulse electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Our results point out a sub-micrometric size of the structural coherence in cristobalite, associated with numerous stacking defects. Moreover, the material was found characterised by the presence of superoxide radicals, whose persistence appears conceivably long. Radicals in a material synthesized through a high-temperature treatment were generated during the grinding step in the industrial production of cristobalite. During this process, in fact, both superoxide generation and structural defectivity are induced. Indeed, cristobalite powders already result activated by a radical population, before any kind of process in artificial stone production.

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