‘Atlantic’ and ‘Dakota Pearl’ Chipping Potato Responses to Glyphosate and Dicamba Simulated Drift

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Brooke ◽  
John Stenger ◽  
Andrej W Svyantek ◽  
Collin Auwarter ◽  
Harlene Hatterman-Valenti
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Chip Processing ◽  
Chipping Potato ◽  
Chipping Potatoes ◽  
Initiation Stage ◽  
Plant Injury ◽  
Similar Yield

Abstract Field trials were conducted to determine the effects of glyphosate and/or dicamba simulated drift rates on chipping potatoes ‘Atlantic’ and ‘Dakota Pearl’. Sublethal herbicide rates were applied at the tuber initiation stage and consisted of dicamba at 99 g ae ha−1 or glyphosate at 197 g ae ha−1 applied alone or the combinations of dicamba at 20 or 99 g ae ha−1 and glyphosate at 40 or 197 g ae ha−1, respectively. At 7 days after treatment (DAT), the high spray combination of glyphosate plus dicamba resulted in the greatest plant damage (28%). Plant injury from plants treated with the low combination of glyphosate plus dicamba did not differ from the nontreated control. At 21 DAT, visible injury increased to 40% for plants treated with the high combination of glyphosate plus dicamba treatment. Total yield suggested that dicamba and glyphosate caused similar yield reductions as plants that received glyphosate at 197 g ha−1 or dicamba at 99 g ha−1 had lower total yields compared to the nontreated and plants that received the combination of glyphosate (197 g ha−1) and dicamba (99 g ha−1) had lower total yields compared to plants that received either herbicide alone. However, ‘Dakota Pearl’ plants were more sensitive to glyphosate at 197 g ha−1 than ‘Atlantic’ causing the interaction for most tuber grades. Tuber specific gravity was lower for plants that received glyphosate at 197 g ha−1, dicamba at 99 g ha−1, or this combination, but this reduction would not prevent chip processing. Results reinforce the need for diligence when applying these herbicides in proximity to a susceptible crop such as chipping potatoes and the need to thoroughly clean sprayers before applications to a sensitive crop.

Current-Season Infection With Ordinary and Recombinant Strains of Potato virus Y Has Detrimental Effects on Chipping Potato Yield and Tuber Quality

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. PDIS-06-20-1281
Author(s):  
Erin L. Weber ◽  
James S. Busse ◽  
Paul C. Bethke
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Current Season ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Chip Processing ◽  
Chipping Potato ◽  
Chipping Potatoes ◽  
On Chip ◽  
The Impact

Potato virus Y (PVY) is the most economically important virus infecting potatoes worldwide. Current-season spread of PVY occurs when aphids transmit the virus from infected to noninfected plants during the growing season. The impact of current-season PVY infection on yield and quality of chip processing potatoes is not well documented. In a replicated, greenhouse experiment conducted over 2 years, we measured the effect of current-season infection with four PVY strains (PVYO, PVYN-Wi, PVYNTN, and PVYN:O) on chip processing varieties Atlantic, Lamoka, and Snowden. PVY infection decreased yield and tuber specific gravity for some combinations of potato variety and virus strain but did not affect the appearance of chips including the prevalence of stem-end chip defects. This work suggests that current-season infection of chipping potatoes imposes a cost on producers and emphasizes the need for continued investment in seed certification and development of PVY-resistant cultivars.

Yield Response of Determinate Chipping Potato to Artificial Defoliation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Wyatt Hoback ◽  
Rafael Hayashida ◽  
Jesse Ziems ◽  
Ben Zechmann ◽  
Adeney de Freitas Bueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Plant Maturity ◽  
Chipping Potato ◽  
Small Potato

Abstract The relationship between canopy defoliation by insects and yield loss in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) has been extensively researched. However, detailed analysis of varieties with different properties and examination of methods of defoliation are still lacking. Absence of research results has led many producers to use a very conservative economic threshold (ET) of 10% defoliation in the management of insect defoliators. A series of leaf removal experiments was conducted on a determinate chipping variety of potato at different plant stages. In 2002, the highest levels of defoliation induced upon the plant canopy were 50, 30, and 75% for tuber initiation, full bloom, and plant maturity stages, respectively. In 2003, defoliation levels were increased to 70, 80, and 90% for tuber initiation, full bloom, and plant maturity, respectively. Total yield was unaffected, and no significant changes in market sized yield, or number of marketable tubers were observed at any growth stage in either year. Because the determinate variety showed remarkable ability to recover from substantial defoliation, two different methods of defoliation: hand cut (cutting the edge of leaves with scissors while avoiding the midrib) and hole punching (hole-punching leaf tissue [15.08-mm diameter] while avoiding midrib) were tested. Although total yield was unaffected, marketable yield and small potato yield were reduced, Thus, although defoliation methods must be considered, a 10% defoliation ET is exceedingly conservative and an ET of 60% for all stages of determinate chipping potato could be adopted by growers.

Effect of BAS 145 138, CGA 154 281, and Naphthalic Anhydride Seed Treatments on Sweet Corn (Zea mays) Tolerance to Nicosulfuron

Weed Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren K. Robinson ◽  
David W. Monks ◽  
James D. Burton
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Leaf Base ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Naphthalic Anhydride ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Plant Injury

BAS 145 138, CGA 154 281, and 1,8 naphthalic anhydride were evaluated as seed treatments to safen 'Silver Xtra Sweet,’ ‘How Sweet It Is,’ ‘Zenith,’ and 'Sweetie 76’ sweet corn against nicosulfuron injury. Nicosulfuron POST injured sweet corn by causing slight leaf chlorosis and leaf base widening in Sweetie 76 and severe plant injury and total yield loss in Silver Xtra Sweet. Naphthalic anhydride or CGA 154 281 provided limited or no safening activity, respectively, and resulted in plant height reduction when applied alone. BAS 145 138 reduced nicosulfuron injury to Silver Xtra Sweet and prevented visible injury from nicosulfuron in How Sweet It Is, Zenith, and Sweetie 76.

scholarly journals Defining Glyphosate and Dicamba Drift Injury to Dry Edible Pea, Dry Edible Bean, and Potato

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harlene Hatterman-Valenti ◽  
Greg Endres ◽  
Brian Jenks ◽  
Michael Ostlie ◽  
Theresa Reinhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Spray Drift ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Dry Edible Bean ◽  
Sublethal Doses ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Injury Potential

Field trials using sublethal doses of glyphosate, dicamba, or mixtures of both herbicides on dry edible pea (Pisum sativum), dry edible bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), and potato (Solanum tuberosum) were conducted at six locations to determine the injury potential if spray drift were to occur. All studies used three increasing sublethal doses of glyphosate and dicamba, which were labeled as low, medium, and high. The doses for each herbicide varied for the three crops because of expected sensitivity differences. Herbicide doses were targeted for the reproductive stage 1 with dry edible pea and dry edible bean, and at tuber initiation for potato. Visible injury 20 days after the treatment ranged from 0% to 13% for dry edible pea, 0% to 53% for dry edible bean, and 0% to 50% for potato. Compared with the nontreated, yield was least when doses included dicamba, regardless of the crop. Dry edible bean was the most sensitive crop to sublethal doses of dicamba, followed by dry edible pea and potato. Results from these six studies suggested that drift injury potential to dry edible pea, dry edible bean, and potato will be greater if a dicamba-resistant soybean (Glycine max) crop is adjacent and upwind compared with a glyphosate-resistant crop. Results also reinforce the need for diligence in the application of these herbicides in proximity to susceptible crops and the need to thoroughly clean sprayers before spraying a sensitive crop.

The effects of the growth-regulating compounds methyl decanoate and 2, 3, 5-triiodobenzoic acid on potato tuber size

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-255
Author(s):  
D. C. E. Wurr
Keyword(s):  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Tuber Size ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Triiodobenzoic Acid ◽  
Tuber Size Distribution ◽  
Methyl Decanoate

SummaryApplication of methyl decanoate to a potato crop about the time of tuber initiation reduced the total yield and the yield of tubers in the grade 2·5–5·5 cm though neither of these reductions were significant. However, application of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid increased the yield of tubers 2·5–5·5 cm by up to 20% while having no significant effect on total tuber yield. This change in the tuber size distribution was due to a more even partition of photosynthate between tubers and not to an increase in the total number of tubers.

Effects of potassium and magnesium fertilizers on yield and size distribution of potatoes

1973 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Simpson ◽  
P. Crooks ◽  
S. McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Seed Potato ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Factorial Experiments ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Potato Crops ◽  
Low K

SummaryThirteen field experiments were made during 6 years on seed-potato growing farms in south-east Scotland, comparing three rates, 70, 140 and 280 kg K/ha as potassium chloride and four rates of 0–54 kg Mg/ha as kieserite in 3 × 4 factorial experiments.More than 70 kg/ha of potassium increased total yield only at one site, which had a recent history of low K application and very low available K. Yields were decreased by more than 70 kg/ha of potassium at three sites in a season with abnormally dry conditions just after planting. Applied magnesium had little effect on total yield.Extra potassium increased ware yield but decreased seed yield, both consistently, probably because the fertilizer damaged some stolons at or before tuber initiation and fewer tubers developed. The ware/seed ratio was generally increased by extra K, but after the dry spring this ratio was unaltered or reduced. Applied magnesium had little effect on the ratio.Our results suggest that the present rates of K fertilizer, used for commercial seed-potato crops (114–138 kg K/ha) in south-east Scotland are excessive, and a much lower rate of approximately 70 kg K/ha would be adequate except on very low K sites.

scholarly journals Flux-Based Ozone Risk Assessment for a Plant Injury Index (PII) in Three European Cool-Temperate Deciduous Tree Species

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasutomo Hoshika ◽  
Elisa Carrari ◽  
Barbara Mariotti ◽  
Sofia Martini ◽  
Alessandra De Marco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Injury Index ◽  
Leaf Formation ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Plant Injury ◽  
Species Specific

This study investigated visible foliar ozone (O3) injury in three deciduous tree species with different growth patterns (indeterminate, Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.; intermediate, Sorbus aucuparia L.; and determinate, Vaccinium myrtillus L.) from May to August 2018. Ozone effects on the timing of injury onset and a plant injury index (PII) were investigated using two O3 indices, i.e., AOT40 (accumulative O3 exposure over 40 ppb during daylight hours) and PODY (phytotoxic O3 dose above a flux threshold of Y nmol m−2 s−1). A new parameterization for PODY estimation was developed for each species. Measurements were carried out in an O3 free-air controlled exposure (FACE) experiment with three levels of O3 treatment (ambient, AA; 1.5 × AA; and 2.0 × AA). Injury onset was found in May at 2.0 × AA in all three species and the timing of the onset was determined by the amount of stomatal O3 uptake. It required 4.0 mmol m−2 POD0 and 5.5 to 9.0 ppm·h AOT40. As a result, A. glutinosa with high stomatal conductance (gs) showed the earliest emergence of O3 visible injury among the three species. After the onset, O3 visible injury expanded to the plant level as confirmed by increased PII values. In A. glutinosa with indeterminate growth pattern, a new leaf formation alleviated the expansion of O3 visible injury at the plant level. V. myrtillus showed a dramatic increase of PII from June to July due to higher sensitivity to O3 in its flowering and fruiting stage. Ozone impacts on PII were better explained by the flux-based index, PODY, as compared with the exposure-based index, AOT40. The critical levels (CLs) corresponding to PII = 5 were 8.1 mmol m−2 POD7 in A. glutinosa, 22 mmol m−2 POD0 in S. aucuparia, and 5.8 mmol m−2 POD1 in V. myrtillus. The results highlight that the CLs for PII are species-specific. Establishing species-specific O3 flux-effect relationships should be key for a quantitative O3 risk assessment.

Simulated Glyphosate Drift to Potato Mother Plants and Effect on Daughter Tubers Used for Seed Production

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harlene M. Hatterman-Valenti
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Sprout Inhibition ◽  
Tuber Bulking ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Glyphosate Drift

Field trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of simulated glyphosate drift rates applied to two non-irrigated potato cultivars in the late tuber bulking stage grown for potato seed production. Mother plants receiving a sublethal glyphosate application had similar yields regardless of the year or cultivar. ‘Red LaSoda' seed pieces visually evaluated the following spring had more sprout inhibition from glyphosate-treated plots. With ‘Russet Burbank', only seed pieces from mother plants that received more than 18 g ha−1 glyphosate showed sprout inhibition. Total yield reductions the year following glyphosate treatments were attributed to fewer and smaller tubers from plants that did not emerge or were delayed in emergence. Red LaSoda seed pieces from mother plants receiving ≥ 71 g ha−1 glyphosate yielded less than the nontreated. In 2005, Russet Burbank seed pieces from mother plants receiving ≥35 g ha−1 glyphosate had reduced yields, whereas in 2006, all glyphosate treatments reduced total yield compared with the nontreated.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of sunflower cultivar PR63E82 to tribenuron and propaquizafop in different weather conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 479-483
Author(s):  
Tichý Lukáš ◽  
Jursík Miroslav ◽  
Kolářová Michaela ◽  
Hejnák Václav ◽  
Andr Jiří ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Plant Injury

The aim of this work was to verify and assess the tolerance of the PR63E82 (ExpressSun) sunflower cultivar to tribenuron, propaquizafop and their tank-mix combination in two rates under various weather conditions. Three small-plot field trials were carried out on sunflower in Prague, Czech Republic, from 2015 to 2017. High phytotoxicity (25–56%) of tribenuron (TBM) + non-ionic surfactant was observed in 2015 and 2016 when the sunflower was sown in mid-April. In 2017, phytotoxicity was significantly lower (4–6%), probably due to a later sowing of sunflower (May), and hence higher temperatures. The main symptoms of TBM phytotoxicity were leaf chlorosis, necrosis and growth retardation. Propaquizafop (PQF) injury was minimal in 2015 and 2017. A higher phytotoxicity (10–13%) was recorded in 2016, probably due to a hail which occurred 2 days after T2 (second application term (sunflower BBCH 14)) application. Plant injury had puckered leaves and also made more side branches. TBM + PQF damaged sunflower plants most of the tested herbicide treatments (phytotoxicity 3–62%). High phytotoxicity caused stem branching, increased number of sunflower heads and decreased yield.  

Tomato Root Uptake of Carfentrazone

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline M. Crespo ◽  
Andrew W. MacRae ◽  
Cristiane Alves ◽  
Tyler P. Jacoby ◽  
Rick O. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Root Uptake ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Tomato Root ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Injury ◽  
Herbicide Alternatives

Fresh market tomato is an important and valuable crop in Florida, accounting for 630 million dollars farm-gate value, which was 45% of the total value of the U.S. crop in 2010. In order to maintain or increase its productivity, labeled herbicide alternatives to methyl bromide are important to limiting seed production of weeds emerging between the raised plasticulture beds. A study was conducted inside a greenhouse where carfentrazone was applied as a drench at 0.03125×, 0.0625×, 0.125×, 0.25×, 0.5×, 1×, 2×, 4×, and 8× and as a subsurface irrigation at 0.0625×, 0.125×, 0.25×, 0.5×, 1×, 2×, 4×, 8×, and 16× rates. The 1× rate equaled the maximum labeled rate of carfentrazone (35.1 g ai ha−1) that would be applied to an area of 0.360 m2. Both the drench and subsurface trials showed an increase in plant injury and reduced growth as the rate of carfentrazone increased. The drench trial, however, was observed to have higher visible injury and greater growth reduction (based on plant measurement) than the subsurface trial, when comparing similar rates. For the 1× rate of carfentrazone in the drench trial vs. the subsurface trial, injury was 66 and 24.5%, respectively. For the 1× rate the tomato plants had estimated growth, based on the curves fit for the data, of 4.8% vs. 39.9% for the drench and subsurface trials, respectively. The subsurface trial better represents what happens in the field when carfentrazone root uptake injury is observed since it is normally observed to be around 10% or less. This still leaves a level of concern; once a 10% injury level in the subsurface trial was estimated to have reduced tomato growth, fruit weight, and total shoot dry weight by 33, 15, and 9.5%, respectively.

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