The Effect of Postpartum Rumen Undegradable Protein Supplementation on Hepatic Gluconeogenic Enzyme Activities in Dairy Cows with Fatty Liver

2002 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 336-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Absolom Murondoti ◽  
Musavengana Tivapasi ◽  
Math Geelen ◽  
Theo Wensing ◽  
Anton Beynen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Undegradable Protein

The effect of postpartum supplementation with rumen undegradable protein on the activities of gluconeogenic enzymes was studied in cows with induced fatty liver. Prepartum liver and blood samples were collected at about one week before the expected date of calving and postpartum samples were collected at 10 and 20 days (d) postpartum. At 10 d postpartum, concentrations of serum nonesterified fatty acids and hepatic triacylglycerol levels were higher than at one wk before parturition. The postpartum increases in nonesterified fatty acids and hepatic triacylglycerols were significantly higher in the cows that were fed extra protein than in the control cows. There were no differences between the groups with regard to postpartum changes in the concentrations of plasma glucose, liver glycogen, and serum insulin. The postpartum increase in the activity of fructose 1-6-bisphosphatase was higher in the test group than in the control group, but the increase in the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase was lower. There were no group differences in the postpartum activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, pyruvate carboxylase, and propionyl-CoA carboxylase. Our results suggest that intense lipolysis released more glycerol in the protein-supplemented cows, which stimulated the activity of fructose 1-6-bisphosphatase. However, postpartum rumen undegradable protein supplementation did not affect the activities of the other enzymes of gluconeogenesis, and fatty liver was even exacerbated.

Blood intermediary metabolite and insulin concentrations after an overnight fast: reference ranges for adults, and interrelations.

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1568-1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
K J Foster ◽  
K G Alberti ◽  
L Hinks ◽  
B Lloyd ◽  
A Postle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Ketone Body ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Intermediary Metabolite ◽  
Metabolite Concentrations ◽  
Lactate And Pyruvate

Abstract Concentrations of several metabolites in deproteinized blood and plasma were determined in 100 subjects after an overnight fast, to establish reference ranges. Blood glycerol, nonesterified fatty acids, and ketone body concentrations and the 3-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate ratio increased with age while blood alanine concentrations delined. Serum insulin and blood alanine concentrations were also related to weight. No marked sex-related differences were found, although blood glycerol concentration was slightly higher in women. Distribution of all metabolite concentrations was positively skewed, except for glucose, but skewness could be corrected by logarithmic transformation. Skew was particularly marked for blood ketone body concentrations. Concentrations of all metabolites in plasma exceeded those in whole blood, but this was significant for only lactate and pyruvate when concentrations in plasma were compared with calculated concentrations in erythrocyte water.

scholarly journals Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) – epidemic of the XXI century

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 659-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Maciejewska ◽  
Ewa Stachowska
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
De Novo Lipogenesis ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The term “non-alcoholic fatty liver disease” (NAFLD) was first introduced by Ludwig in 1980. He described NAFLD as a liver disease characterized by lipid accumulation in the hepatocytes of people who do not abuse alcohol (<20g/ethanol/day). NAFLD comprises of a range of disorders, including simple fatty liver without the symptoms of damaged hepatocytes, as well as complex fatty liver with an ongoing inflammation and developing fibrosis. It is estimated that 2-44% of adult Europeans will develop a fatty liver. The pathogenesis and development of NAFLD is a complicated process involving numerous factors, such as: dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, overweight, obesity, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, the development of an inflammatory state, the disorders of the metabolism of fat tissue, dysbiosis and genetic factors. Because the mechanism of the illness is based on many factors, the multiple hits hypothesis serves as the new and generally standard approach to this pathological unit. The basis of this theory is the development of insulin resistance, which is one of the main causes of steatosis. The consequence of insulin resistance is an increased glucose level (associated with impaired insulin receptors) and excessive insulin production leading to elevated levels of this hormone in the serum. Insulin resistance causes continuous stimulation of gluconeogenesis and hyperglycemia. On the other hand, hyperinsulinemia stimulates the hepatic synthesis of the de novo lipogenesis and leads to steatosis. NAFLD is also closely connected to the metabolism disorders of fatty acids. The pathomechanism of the illness includes an increased concentration of FFA in blood, an increase in the biosynthesis of fatty acids in the liver, as well as disorders in the process of β-oxidation.

scholarly journals Inflammatory Cytokines, Adipocytokines, and Th17/Treg Balance in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease following Administration of Dahuang Zhechong Pills

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Duan ◽  
Jianlin Lv ◽  
Hebei Jiang ◽  
Kefei Zheng ◽  
Yulin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Hs Crp

Objectives. The occurrence and development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is related to lipid peroxidation, imbalance of inflammatory response factors, and immune function disorder. This study was conducted with the purpose of investigating the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and adipocytokines and Th17/Treg balance in NAFLD patients treated with Dahuang Zhechong pills (DHZCPs). Methods. The study recruited 100 NAFLD patients who were then arranged into the test group and control group. Patients in the test group were treated with DHZCPs, while patients in the control group were untreated. Peripheral TH17 and Treg cells were detected by flow cytometry, and peripheral IL-17, IL-10, hs-CRP, and TNF-α expression levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. The concentrations of ghrelin, leptin, and adiponectin were quantitatively examined. Results. The levels of TC, TG, ALT, and AST were declined but the level of HDL-C was increased in NAFLD patients treated with DHZCPs compared with untreated patients ( P < 0.05 ). The ratio of Th17/Treg in NAFLD patients treated with DHZCPs was (1.52 ± 0.21), which was significantly lower than (2.39 ± 0.45) of untreated patients ( P < 0.05 ). The levels of IL-17, hs-CRP, and TNF-α were lower, but the level of IL-10 was higher in NAFLD patients treated with DHZCPs than that in untreated patients ( P < 0.05 ). The expression levels of ghrelin and adiponectin in NAFLD patients treated with DHZCPs were evidently higher than those in untreated patients ( P < 0.01 ), and the expression level of leptin in NAFLD patients treated with DHZCPs was evidently lower than that in untreated patients ( P < 0.01 ). Conclusions. Administration of DHZCPs regulates the immune function of NAFLD patients by keeping Th17/Treg balance and affecting the levels of inflammatory cytokines and adipocytokines.

scholarly journals Serum Adipokine Levels and their Relationship with Fatty Acids in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Rubim Camara Sete ◽  
Ronaldo Lira Júnior ◽  
Ricardo Guimarães Fischer ◽  
Carlos Marcelo da Silva Figueredo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Multiplex Bead

Adipokines are present in inflammatory processes and may be directly related to periodontal disease. Moreover, their activities may be regulated by fatty acids. The goal of this study was to quantify the concentrations of the main adipokines, leptin, adiponectin and resistin, and the docosahexaenoic (DHA), docosapentaenoic (DPA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and arachidonic (AA) fatty acids, in patients with generalized chronic periodontitis. As a secondary objective, the ratios of these substances in the blood of these patients were evaluated. The study included 15 systemically healthy patients with generalized chronic periodontitis (test group) and 15 patients with gingivitis (control group). Medical and periodontal parameters and blood samples were collected. Serum concentrations of fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography and adipokines by multiplex bead immunoassay. There was no significant difference in adipokines between groups. However, there was a tendency for lower values of adiponectin in periodontitis patients. Regarding the fatty acids, they were significantly higher in the test group compared with controls. The res/DHA, res/AA, adipon/DHA, adipon/AA and adipon/DPA ratios were significantly lower in the test group. There was no significant correlation between adipokines and clinical parameters and between adipokines and fatty acids levels. It was concluded that generalized chronic periodontitis patients showed significantly higher levels of fatty acids in comparison to gingivitis; adiponectin revealed a trend to lower values in the periodontitis group, even after Ancova correction. The ratios suggest a minor proportion of adiponectin and resistin in relation to the fatty acids in patients with generalized chronic periodontitis.

Hormone-sensitive lipase is necessary for normal mobilization of lipids during submaximal exercise

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (1) ◽  
pp. E179-E186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Fernandez ◽  
Ola Hansson ◽  
Pernilla Nevsten ◽  
Cecilia Holm ◽  
Cecilia Klint
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Hormone Sensitive Lipase ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Hormone Sensitive ◽  
Lipid Stores ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

For the working muscle there are a number of fuels available for oxidative metabolism, including glycogen, glucose, and nonesterified fatty acids. Nonesterified fatty acids originate from lipolysis in white adipose tissue, hydrolysis of VLDL triglycerides, or hydrolysis of intramyocellular triglyceride stores. A key enzyme in the mobilization of fatty acids from intracellular lipid stores is hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). The aim of the present study was to investigate the metabolic response of HSL-null mice challenged with exercise or fasting and to examine whether other lipases are able to fully compensate for the lack of HSL. The results showed that HSL-null mice have reduced capacity to perform aerobic exercise. The liver glycogen stores were more rapidly depleted in HSL-null mice during treadmill exercise, and HSL-null mice had reduced plasma concentrations of both glycerol and nonesterified fatty acids after exercise and fasting, respectively. The data support the hypothesis that in the absence of HSL, mice are not able to respond to an exercise challenge with increased mobilization of the lipid stores. Consequently, the impact of the lipid-sparing effect on liver glycogen is reduced in the HSL-null mice, resulting in faster depletion of this energy source, contributing to the decreased endurance during submaximal exercise.

scholarly journals Anti-diabetic effects of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) essential oil on glucose- and lipid-regulating enzymes in type 2 diabetic mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi Ja Chung ◽  
Sung-Yun Cho ◽  
Muhammad Javidul Haque Bhuiyan ◽  
Kyoung Heon Kim ◽  
Sung-Joon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Melissa Officinalis ◽  
Lemon Balm ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression

The antioxidant activity of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) essential oil (LBEO) on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and its hypoglycaemic effect in db/db mice were investigated. LBEO scavenged 97 % of DPPH radicals at a 270-fold dilution. Mice administered LBEO (0·015 mg/d) for 6 weeks showed significantly reduced blood glucose (65 %; P < 0·05) and TAG concentrations, improved glucose tolerance, as assessed by an oral glucose tolerance test, and significantly higher serum insulin levels, compared with the control group. The hypoglycaemic mechanism of LBEO was further explored via gene and protein expression analyses using RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Among all glucose metabolism-related genes studied, hepatic glucokinase and GLUT4, as well as adipocyte GLUT4, PPAR-γ, PPAR-α and SREBP-1c expression, were significantly up-regulated, whereas glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase expression was down-regulated in the livers of the LBEO group. The results further suggest that LBEO administered at low concentrations is an efficient hypoglycaemic agent, probably due to enhanced glucose uptake and metabolism in the liver and adipose tissue and the inhibition of gluconeogenesis in the liver.

scholarly journals Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids EPA and DHA as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Treatment of Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2614
Author(s):  
Mirella Stańdo ◽  
Paweł Piatek ◽  
Magdalena Namiecinska ◽  
Przemysław Lewkowicz ◽  
Natalia Lewkowicz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Periodontal Inflammation ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease that leads to the loss of supportive tissues around the teeth with gradual deterioration of masticatory function and esthetics, resulting eventually in the decrease of the life quality. Host immune response triggered by bacterial biofilm is responsible for the chronic periodontal inflammation and ongoing tissue loss. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have anti-inflammatory properties, thus may be used for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with omega-3 PUFA in the patients with stage III and IV periodontitis. Thirty otherwise healthy patients were treated with scaling and root planning (SRP). In the test group (n = 16), patients were additionally supplemented with 2.6 g of EPA and 1.8 g of DHA. In the control group (n = 14), patients received only SRP. Periodontal examination was performed at baseline and three months following initial therapy. Salivary samples were taken twice at baseline and at the end of the experiment. We found that there was a statistically significant reduction in the bleeding on probing (BOP) and improvement of clinical attachment loss (CAL) at three months in the test group compared to the control group. Moreover, a statistically significant higher percentage of closed pockets (probing depth ≤ 4 mm without BOP) was achieved in the test group vs. control group after three months of treatment. Accordingly, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-17 were markedly lower, while the level of anti-inflammatory IL-10 was significantly higher in the salivary samples of the patients supplemented with omega-3 PUFA at three months in comparison to the patients treated with SRP alone. Our findings demonstrate that dietary intervention with high-dose of omega-3 PUFA during non-surgical therapy may have potential benefits in the management of periodontitis.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ZANJABĪL (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE) IN NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE- A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Shahid Arisha ◽  
Riyazuddin Mohd ◽  
Siddiqui MA
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a reversible condition of the liver, wherein large vacuoles of triglyceride fat accumulates in liver cells via the process of steatosis, despite any evidence of excessive alcohol consumption. In view of present scenario of high prevalence and limited treatment options, this study was conducted to assess the effect of Murabba-i- Zanjabīl in NAFLD. Present study was designed as a randomized placebo controlled trial with 30 patients in test group and 10 patients in control group. Participants in test group were administered with Murabba-i- Zanjabīl, 5 gm twice daily, 30 minutes before food for 45 days and those in control group were given 1 capsule of 500 mg each containing wheat flour twice daily, 30 minutes before food for 45 days. All the participants were asked to follow up at every 15 days for assessment of subjective parameters. Objective parameter was assessed before and after the trial period. On statistical analysis the test formulation showed significant reduction in scores (p<0.05) for most of the parameters on both inter and intra group analysis, while the reduction in control group was not found to be statistically significant (p.0.05). This study lays out that Murabbā-i Zanjabīl in a dose of 5gm twice daily given for 45 days is more effective than placebo in treating NAFLD. There was no adverse effect reported during the trial. It was thus concluded that Murabbā-i Zanjabīl is effective and safe in therapeutic management of NAFLD.

Intracellular Ca2+ signaling and ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1 (ORAI1) are associated with hepatic lipidosis in dairy cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Li ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Jianan Wen ◽  
Juan J Loor ◽  
Ahmad Aboragah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Calcium Release ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Isolated Hepatocytes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hepatic Lipidosis

Abstract Fatty liver is a common metabolic disorder afflicting dairy cows during the periparturient period and is closely associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The onset of ER stress in humans and mice alters hepatic lipid metabolism, but it is unknown if such event contributes to fatty liver in dairy cows soon after parturition. ORAI1 is a key component of the store-operated Ca2+ entry mechanism regulating cellular Ca2+ balance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of ORAI1 on hepatic lipidosis via ER stress in dairy cows. Liver tissue biopsies were collected from Holstein cows diagnosed as healthy (n=6) or with hepatic lipidosis (n=6). Protein and mRNA abundance of ER stress-related targets, lipogenic targets or the transcription regulator SREBP1 and ORAI1 were greater in cows with lipidosis. In vitro, hepatocytes were isolated from four healthy female calves and used for culture with a 1.2 mM mixture of fatty acids (oleic, linoleic, palmitic, stearic, and palmitoleic acid) for various times (0, 3, 6, 9 or 12 h). As incubation time progressed, increases in concentration of Ca2+ and abundance of protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK), inositol requiring protein-1α (IRE1α), and activating transcription factor-6 (ATF6) protein in response to exogenous fatty acids underscored a mechanistic link among Ca2+, fatty acids and ER stress. In a subsequent study, hepatocytes were transfected with small interfering RNA (siORAI1) or the ORAI1 inhibitor BTP2 for 48 h or 2 h followed by a challenge with the 1.2 mM mixture of fatty acids for 6 h. Compared with control group, silencing or inhibition of ORAI1 led to decreased abundance of fatty acid synthesis (FASN, SREBP1 and ACACA) and ER stress-related proteins in bovine hepatocytes. Overall, data suggested that NEFA through ORAI1 regulate intracellular Ca2+ signaling, induce ER stress, and lead to lipidosis in isolated hepatocytes.

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