The impact of surface treatment in 3-dimensional printed implants for early osseointegration: a comparison study of three different surfaces

Abstract3D printing technology has been gradually applied to various areas. In the present study, 3D-printed implants were fabricated with direct metal laser sintering technique for a dental single root with titanium. The 3D implants were allocated into following groups: not treated (3D-None), sandblasted with a large grit and acid-etched (3D-SLA), and target-ion-induced plasma-sputtered surface (3D-TIPS). Two holes were drilled in each tibia of rabbit, and the three groups of implants were randomly placed with a mallet. Rabbits were sacrificed at two, four, and twelve weeks after the surgery. Histologic and histomorphometric analyses were performed for the evaluation of mineralized bone-to-implant contact (mBIC), osteoid-to-implant contact (OIC), total bone-to-implant contact (tBIC), mineralized bone area fraction occupancy (mBAFO), osteoid area fraction occupancy (OAFO), and total bone area fraction occupancy (tBAFO) in the inner and outer areas of lattice structure. At two weeks, 3D-TIPS showed significantly higher inner and outer tBIC and inner tBAFO compared with other groups. At four weeks, 3D-TIPS showed significantly higher outer OIC than 3D-SLA, but there were no significant differences in other variables. At twelve weeks, there were no significant differences. The surface treatment with TIPS in 3D-printed implants could enhance the osseointegration process in the rabbit tibia model, meaning that earlier osseointegration could be achieved.

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Intraosseous Temperature Change during Installation of Dental Implants with Two Different Surfaces and Different Drilling Protocols: An In Vivo Study in Sheep

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8081198 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 1198 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Michele Stocchero ◽

Yohei Jinno ◽

Marco Toia ◽

Marianne Ahmad ◽

Evaggelia Papia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Temperature Increase ◽

Element Model ◽

Multiple Regression Model ◽

Metatarsal Bone ◽

Area Fraction ◽

Bone Area ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Bone Necrosis ◽

Bone To Implant Contact

Background: The intraosseous temperature during implant installation has never been evaluated in an in vivo controlled setup. The aims were to investigate the influence of a drilling protocol and implant surface on the intraosseous temperature during implant installation, to evaluate the influence of temperature increase on osseointegration and to calculate the heat distribution in cortical bone. Methods: Forty Brånemark implants were installed into the metatarsal bone of Finnish Dorset crossbred sheep according to two different drilling protocols (undersized/non-undersized) and two surfaces (moderately rough/turned). The intraosseous temperature was recorded, and Finite Element Model (FEM) was generated to understand the thermal behavior. Non-decalcified histology was carried out after five weeks of healing. The following osseointegration parameters were calculated: Bone-to-implant contact (BIC), Bone Area Fraction Occupancy (BAFO), and Bone Area Fraction Occupancy up to 1.5 mm (BA1.5). A multiple regression model was used to identify the influencing variables on the histomorphometric parameters. Results: The temperature was affected by the drilling protocol, while no influence was demonstrated by the implant surface. BIC was positively influenced by the undersized drilling protocol and rough surface, BAFO was negatively influenced by the temperature rise, and BA1.5 was negatively influenced by the undersized drilling protocol. FEM showed that the temperature at the implant interface might exceed the limit for bone necrosis. Conclusion: The intraosseous temperature is greatly increased by an undersized drilling protocol but not from the implant surface. The temperature increase negatively affects the bone healing in the proximity of the implant. The undersized drilling protocol for Brånemark implant systems increases the amount of bone at the interface, but it negatively impacts the bone far from the implant.

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Novel On-Demand 3-Dimensional (3-D) Printed Tablets Using Fill Density as an Effective Release-Controlling Tool

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12091872 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 1872 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rishi Thakkar ◽

Amit Raviraj Pillai ◽

Jiaxiang Zhang ◽

Yu Zhang ◽

Vineet Kulkarni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Release ◽

Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose ◽

Amorphous State ◽

Dosage Forms ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Patient Specific ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

3D Printed ◽

The Impact

This research demonstrates the use of fill density as an effective tool for controlling the drug release without changing the formulation composition. The merger of hot-melt extrusion (HME) with fused deposition modeling (FDM)-based 3-dimensional (3-D) printing processes over the last decade has directed pharmaceutical research towards the possibility of printing personalized medication. One key aspect of printing patient-specific dosage forms is controlling the release dynamics based on the patient’s needs. The purpose of this research was to understand the impact of fill density and interrelate it with the release of a poorly water-soluble, weakly acidic, active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) from a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMC-AS) matrix, both mathematically and experimentally. Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of ibuprofen with three grades of AquaSolveTM HPMC-AS (HG, MG, and LG) were developed using an HME process and evaluated using solid-state characterization techniques. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD), and polarized light microscopy (PLM) confirmed the amorphous state of the drug in both polymeric filaments and 3D printed tablets. The suitability of the manufactured filaments for FDM processes was investigated using texture analysis (TA) which showed robust mechanical properties of the developed filament compositions. Using FDM, tablets with different fill densities (20–80%) and identical dimensions were printed for each polymer. In vitro pH shift dissolution studies revealed that the fill density has a significant impact (F(11, 24) = 15,271.147, p < 0.0001) and a strong negative correlation (r > −0.99; p < 0.0001) with the release performance, where 20% infill demonstrated the fastest and most complete release, whereas 80% infill depicted a more controlled release. The results obtained from this research can be used to develop a robust formulation strategy to control the drug release from 3D printed dosage forms as a function of fill density.

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Histologic and Biomechanical Evaluation of 2 Resorbable-Blasting Media Implant Surfaces at Early Implantation Times

Journal of Oral Implantology ◽

10.1563/aaid-joi-d-10-00156 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 445-453 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Charles Marin ◽

Estevam A. Bonfante ◽

Ryan Jeong ◽

Rodrigo Granato ◽

Gabriela Giro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Area Fraction ◽

Acid Etching ◽

Bone Area ◽

Woven Bone ◽

Dog Model ◽

Biomechanical Evaluation ◽

Bone To Implant Contact

This study evaluated 3 implant surfaces in a dog model: (1) resorbable-blasting media + acid-etched (RBMa), alumina-blasting + acid-etching (AB/AE), and AB/AE + RBMa (hybrid). All of the surfaces were minimally rough, and Ca and P were present for the RBMa and hybrid surfaces. Following 2 weeks in vivo, no significant differences were observed for torque, bone-to-implant contact, and bone-area fraction occupied measurements. Newly formed woven bone was observed in proximity with all surfaces.

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Bone tissue engineering in the greater omentum with computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing scaffolds is enhanced by a periosteum transplant

Regenerative Medicine ◽

10.2217/rme-2020-0115 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hendrik Naujokat ◽

Klaas Loger ◽

Juliane Schulz ◽

Yahya Açil ◽

Jörg Wiltfang

Keyword(s):

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Computer Aided Design ◽

Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽

Histological Evaluation ◽

Greater Omentum ◽

Collagen Membrane ◽

Computer Aided ◽

3D Printed ◽

The Impact

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate two different vascularized bone flap scaffolds and the impact of two barrier membranes for the reconstruction of critical-size bone defects. Materials & methods: 3D-printed scaffolds of biodegradable calcium phosphate and bioinert titanium were loaded with rhBMP-2 bone marrow aspirate, wrapped by a collagen membrane or a periosteum transplant and implanted into the greater omentum of miniature pigs. Results: Histological evaluation demonstrated significant bone formation within the first 8 weeks in both scaffolds. The periosteum transplant led to enhanced bone formation and a homogenous distribution in the scaffolds. The omentum tissue grew out a robust vascular supply. Conclusion: Endocultivation using 3D-printed scaffolds in the greater omentum is a very promising approach in defect-specific bone tissue regeneration.

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Static and dynamic response of sandwich beams with lattice and pantographic cores

Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials ◽

10.1177/10996362211033896 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 109963622110338

Author(s):

Yury Solyaev ◽

Arseniy Babaytsev ◽

Anastasia Ustenko ◽

Andrey Ripetskiy ◽

Alexander Volkov

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Performance ◽

Lattice Structure ◽

Unit Length ◽

Experimental Tests ◽

Plane Geometry ◽

Sandwich Beams ◽

Static Tests ◽

Three Point Bending ◽

The Core ◽

The Impact

Mechanical performance of 3d-printed polyamide sandwich beams with different type of the lattice cores is investigated. Four variants of the beams are considered, which differ in the type of connections between the elements in the lattice structure of the core. We consider the pantographic-type lattices formed by the two families of inclined beams placed with small offset and connected by stiff joints (variant 1), by hinges (variant 2) and made without joints (variant 3). The fourth type of the core has the standard plane geometry formed by the intersected beams lying in the same plane (variant 4). Experimental tests were performed for the localized indentation loading according to the three-point bending scheme with small span-to-thickness ratio. From the experiments we found that the plane geometry of variant 4 has the highest rigidity and the highest load bearing capacity in the static tests. However, other three variants of the pantographic-type cores (1–3) demonstrate the better performance under the impact loading. The impact strength of such structures are in 3.5–5 times higher than those one of variant 4 with almost the same mass per unit length. This result is validated by using numerical simulations and explained by the decrease of the stress concentration and the stress state triaxiality and also by the delocalization effects that arise in the pantographic-type cores.

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Buoyancy control in ammonoid cephalopods refined by complex internal shell architecture

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-87379-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

David J. Peterman ◽

Kathleen A. Ritterbush ◽

Charles N. Ciampaglio ◽

Erynn H. Johnson ◽

Shinya Inoue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Tension ◽

Water Retention Capacity ◽

Functional Explanation ◽

Retention Capacity ◽

Biomechanical Stress ◽

Liquid Retention ◽

3D Printed ◽

Functional Explanations ◽

Hydrophilic Coatings ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe internal architecture of chambered ammonoid conchs profoundly increased in complexity through geologic time, but the adaptive value of these structures is disputed. Specifically, these cephalopods developed fractal-like folds along the edges of their internal divider walls (septa). Traditionally, functional explanations for septal complexity have largely focused on biomechanical stress resistance. However, the impact of these structures on buoyancy manipulation deserves fresh scrutiny. We propose increased septal complexity conveyed comparable shifts in fluid retention capacity within each chamber. We test this interpretation by measuring the liquid retained by septa, and within entire chambers, in several 3D-printed cephalopod shell archetypes, treated with (and without) biomimetic hydrophilic coatings. Results show that surface tension regulates water retention capacity in the chambers, which positively scales with septal complexity and membrane capillarity, and negatively scales with size. A greater capacity for liquid retention in ammonoids may have improved buoyancy regulation, or compensated for mass changes during life. Increased liquid retention in our experiments demonstrate an increase in areas of greater surface tension potential, supporting improved chamber refilling. These findings support interpretations that ammonoids with complex sutures may have had more active buoyancy regulation compared to other groups of ectocochleate cephalopods. Overall, the relationship between septal complexity and liquid retention capacity through surface tension presents a robust yet simple functional explanation for the mechanisms driving this global biotic pattern.

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Development of a schwarzite-based moving bed 3D printed water treatment system for nanoplastic remediation

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/d1ra03097c ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (32) ◽

pp. 19788-19796

Author(s):

Bramha Gupta ◽

Rushikesh S. Ambekar ◽

Raphael M. Tromer ◽

Partha Sarathi Ghosal ◽

Rupal Sinha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Treatment ◽

Aquatic Ecosystem ◽

Treatment System ◽

Environmental Challenges ◽

Moving Bed ◽

Water Treatment System ◽

3D Printed ◽

The Impact

The impact of micro and nanoplastic debris on our aquatic ecosystem is among the most prominent environmental challenges we face today.

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The High-Rate Sealed MRPC to Promote Pollutant Exchange in Gas Gaps: Status on the Development and Observations

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11114722 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 4722

Author(s):

Botan Wang ◽

Xiaolong Chen ◽

Yi Wang ◽

Dong Han ◽

Baohong Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Flow ◽

High Rate ◽

Stable Operation ◽

Beam Test ◽

High Luminosity ◽

Rate Test ◽

3D Printed ◽

Resistive Plate Chambers ◽

The Impact ◽

Current Behavior

This work reports the latest observations on the behavior of two Multigap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPC) under wide high-luminosity exposures, which motivate the development and in-beam test of the sealed MRPC prototype assembled with low-resistive glass. The operation currently being monitored, together with previous simulation results, shows the impact of gas pollution caused by avalanches in gas gaps, and the necessity to shrink the gas-streaming volume. With the lateral edge of the detector sealed by a 3D-printed frame, a reduced gas-streaming volume of ~170 mL has been achieved for a direct gas flow to the active area. A high-rate test of the sealed MRPC prototype shows that, ensuring a 97% efficiency and 70 ps time resolution, the sealed design results in a stable operation current behavior at a counting rate of 3–5 kHz/cm2. The sealed MRPC will become a potential solution for future high luminosity applications.

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Simulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Repair Using a 3-Dimensional Printed Model

American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy ◽

10.1177/19458924211003537 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 194589242110035

Author(s):

Muhamed A. Masalha ◽

Kyle K. VanKoevering ◽

Omar S. Latif ◽

Allison R. Powell ◽

Ashley Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Great Part ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak ◽

Csf Leak ◽

Clinical Environment ◽

Training Tool ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Clinical Scenarios ◽

Before And After ◽

3D Printed

Background Acquiring proficiency for the repair of a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak is challenging in great part due to its relative rarity, which offers a finite number of training opportunities. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluates the use of a 3-dimensional (3D) printed, anatomically accurate model to simulate CSF leak closure. Methods Volunteer participants completed two simulation sessions. Questionnaires to assess their professional qualifications and a standardized 5-point Likert scale to estimate the level of confidence, were completed before and after each session. Participants were also queried on the overall educational utility of the simulation. Results Thirteen otolaryngologists and 11 neurosurgeons, met the inclusion criteria. A successful repair of the CSF leak was achieved by 20/24 (83.33%), and 24/24 (100%) during the first and second simulation sessions respectively (average time 04:04 ± 1.39 and 02:10 ± 01:11). Time-to-close-the-CSF-leak during the second session was significantly shorter than the first (p < 0.001). Confidence scores increased across the training sessions (3.3 ± 1.0, before the simulation, 3.7 ± 0.6 after the first simulation, and 4.2 ± 0.4 after the second simulation; p < 0.001). All participants reported an increase in confidence and believed that the model represented a valuable training tool. Conclusions Despite significant differences with varying clinical scenarios, 3D printed models for cerebrospinal leak repair offer a feasible simulation for the training of residents and novice surgeons outside the constrictions of a clinical environment.

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Computational Analysis of Olfactory Airspace in Patients With Unilateral Cleft Lip Nasal Deformity

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1177/1055665620982754 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 105566562098275

Author(s):

Reanna Shah ◽

Jeffrey R. Marcus ◽

Dennis O. Frank-Ito

Keyword(s):

Cleft Lip ◽

Computational Analysis ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Nasal Deformity ◽

Normal Anatomy ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Computed Tomography Images ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Dimensional Reconstruction ◽

The Impact

Objectives: To evaluate the magnitude of olfactory recess opacity in patients with unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity (uCLND). Design: Subject-specific 3-dimensional reconstruction of the nasal airway anatomy was created from computed tomography images in 11 (4 males and 7 females) subjects with uCLND and 7 (3 males, and 4 females) normal subjects. The volume and surface area of each subject’s unilateral and bilateral olfactory airspace was quantified to assess the impact of opacification. Qualitatively speaking, patients with 75% to 100% olfactory recess opacification were classified as extreme, 50% to 75% as severe, 25% to 50% as moderate, and 0% to 25% as mild. Results: Of the 11 subjects with uCLND, 5 (45%) were classified as having extreme olfactory recess opacification, 3 (27%) subjects had severe opacification, and 3 (27%) subjects had moderate opacification. Mean (±SD) bilateral olfactory recess volume was significantly greater in normal subjects than in subjects with uCLND (0.9668 cm3 ± 0.4061 cm3 vs 0.3426 cm3 ± 0.1316 cm3; P < .001). Furthermore, unilateral olfactory airspace volumes for the cleft and non-cleft sides in subjects with uCLND were considerably less than unilateral olfactory volume in subjects with normal anatomy (uCLND cleft side = 0.1623 cm3 ± 0.0933 cm3; uCLND non-cleft side = 0.1803 cm3 ± 0.0938 cm3; normal = 0.4834 cm3 ± 0.2328 cm3; P < .001). Conclusions: Our findings indicate a high prevalence of olfactory recess opacification among subjects with uCLND when compared to subjects with normal anatomy. The majority of subjects with uCLND had extreme olfactory recess opacity, which will likely influence their sense of smell.

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