Timed daily exercise remodels circadian rhythms in mice

AbstractRegular exercise is important for physical and mental health. An underexplored and intriguing property of exercise is its actions on the body’s 24 h or circadian rhythms. Molecular clock cells in the brain’s suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) use electrical and chemical signals to orchestrate their activity and convey time of day information to the rest of the brain and body. To date, the long-lasting effects of regular physical exercise on SCN clock cell coordination and communication remain unresolved. Utilizing mouse models in which SCN intercellular neuropeptide signaling is impaired as well as those with intact SCN neurochemical signaling, we examined how daily scheduled voluntary exercise (SVE) influenced behavioral rhythms and SCN molecular and neuronal activities. We show that in mice with disrupted neuropeptide signaling, SVE promotes SCN clock cell synchrony and robust 24 h rhythms in behavior. Interestingly, in both intact and neuropeptide signaling deficient animals, SVE reduces SCN neural activity and alters GABAergic signaling. These findings illustrate the potential utility of regular exercise as a long-lasting and effective non-invasive intervention in the elderly or mentally ill where circadian rhythms can be blunted and poorly aligned to the external world.

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The Biological Clock and Sleep in the Elderly

Zeitschrift für Gerontopsychologie & -psychiatrie ◽

10.1024/1011-6877.19.1.45 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 45-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Myriam Juda ◽

Mirjam Münch ◽

Anna Wirz-Justice ◽

Martha Merrow ◽

Till Roenneberg

Keyword(s):

Circadian Rhythms ◽

Biological Clock ◽

The Elderly ◽

Early Morning ◽

Behavioral Changes ◽

Older Age ◽

Age Related ◽

Theoretical Considerations ◽

Sleep Difficulties ◽

Circadian Biology

Abstract: Among many other changes, older age is characterized by advanced sleep-wake cycles, changes in the amplitude of various circadian rhythms, as well as reduced entrainment to zeitgebers. These features reveal themselves through early morning awakenings, sleep difficulties at night, and a re-emergence of daytime napping. This review summarizes the observations concerning the biological clock and sleep in the elderly and discusses the documented and theoretical considerations behind these age-related behavioral changes, especially with respect to circadian biology.

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Web-based interventions aimed at improving the mental health effects of home caregivers for dementia: Meta-analysis (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.13415 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Hui Feng ◽

Yinan Zhao ◽

Mingyue Hu ◽

Hengyu Hu ◽

Hui Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

The Elderly ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Average Score ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Web Based ◽

Negative Results ◽

Cochrane Database ◽

The Web

BACKGROUND Dementia is one of the major cause of disability and dependency among the elderly worldwide, and there are general psychological distresses among caregivers in dementia, such as depression and anxiety symptoms. The physical and mental health of the caregiver is a prerequisite and a promise to help the elderly stay alive and promote health. Web-based interventions can provide for a more convenient and efficient support and education, OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of internet-based interventions on mental health outcomes of family caregivers with dementia, and exploring which components of the web-based interventions play an important role.which are likely to reduce caregivers’ negative outcomes associated with care. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database and CINAHL by using relevant terms such as web-based and caregiver as keywords, covering all studies published before June 2018. Two reviewers independently reviewed all published abstracts, according to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria ，we extracted the information about participants, interventions and results, respectively, and reviewed the quality of articles on the methods of randomized trials using the approach recommended by the Cochrane Handbook for systematic review for intervention. RESULTS A total of 815 caregivers participated in 6 articles, and 4 of the studies use depression as an outcome, according to the research after different interventions based on network after the intervention, depression scores average drop of 0.23 (95%CI -0.38 to -0.07, p<0.01), 2 studies show caregivers anxiety symptoms, the average score for anxiety dropped by 0.32 points (95% CI -0.50 to -0.14, p< 0.01), but in terms of coping, pain and stress, the web-based interventions have shown a poor effect. On the whole, the addition of professional psychological support on the basis of education can improve mental health of carers. CONCLUSIONS Internet-based interventions were generally effective in reducing anxiety and depression in dementia carers, although negative results were found in some studies. But in terms of burden and stress, further research is needed.

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Application of mobile health to support the elderly during the COVID-19 outbreak: A systematic literature review (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.26929 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Saeedeh Fehresti ◽

Elham Monaghesh

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Services ◽

Mobile Health ◽

The Elderly ◽

Mental Health Consultation ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Current Crisis ◽

Health Service Provision ◽

Positive Effects

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 outbreak has affected the elderly's physical and mental health. The application of information and communication technology, such as mobile health (m-health), can play a significant role in combating this pandemic by changing the behavior and lifestyle of the elderly during this time of crisis. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to synthesize m-health capabilities in providing health services to the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify the factors associated with the success of these tools. METHODS To ﬁnd the relevant studies, a search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria were: studies in English that used m-health intervention in all aspects of elderly healthcare during the COVID-19 outbreak, published in peer-reviewed journals from 31 December 2019, and had any research design and methodology. Two authors independently took all the steps of this review, and finally performed narrative synthesis to report the findings. RESULTS Our initial search identified 421 studies, of which 10 met the inclusion criteria. The data analysis showed that all the m-health interventions had positive effects on the health of the elderly. The m-health services for the elderly during the current pandemic were used for therapy, information provision, self-help, monitoring, and mental health consultation purposes. The results also indicated that various factors affected the elderly's use of m-health tools. CONCLUSIONS The application of m-health keeps the elderly and healthcare providers safe, accelerates health service provision, reduces the costs of service delivery, and decreases the risk of morbidity and mortality during the COVID-19 outbreak. The successful use of m-health tools for the elderly in health programs during the current crisis greatly depends on supporting the elderly and overcoming the barriers.

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296 Sex differences in sleep and wakefulness of police officers working shifts: evidence from a field study

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.295 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A118-A118

Author(s):

Gabriela Caetano ◽

Laura Kervezee ◽

Fernando Gonzales-Aste ◽

Philippe Boudreau ◽

Diane Boivin

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Circadian Rhythms ◽

Shift Work ◽

Police Officers ◽

Field Studies ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Cycle Phase ◽

Shift Workers ◽

Work Related ◽

Time Awake

Abstract Introduction National reports of work-related injuries found the excess risk of work injury attributed to shift work to be significantly higher among women. The Working Time Society (WTS) concluded that male sex is one of the few factors that is “consistently associated with perceived or actual shift work tolerance”. However, it is unclear if physiological parameters are involved. Laboratory-controlled studies report sex differences in circadian rhythms (body temperature, melatonin). In sleep deprivation protocols, alertness and cognitive performances were affected by sex, menstrual cycle phase and hormonal contraceptives [HC] use. Nevertheless, field studies that compare male and female shift workers are scarce. Methods An observational study including 76 police officers working on patrol: 56 males and 20 females (11 using [HC], 6 not using [non-HC] and 3 with unknown use of hormonal contraception) aged 32.0 ± 5.3 years. Participants were followed throughout a month-long work cycle (1,457 morning, evening, night, or other shifts, plus rest days). They filled out time-stamped questionnaires (Samn-Perelli, KSS, Visual Analogue Scales, ~5/day; sleep and work-related information, ~1–2/day), completed 5-min Psychomotor Vigilance Tasks (PVT, ~2/day), and wore an actigraph to collect activity data. Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze the effects of group, time awake and time-of-day on fatigue, sleepiness, alertness, mood and PVT measures. Results Self-reported measures and psychomotor performance significantly varied with time awake and time-of-day. Fatigue and sleepiness levels were significantly higher among female compared to male police officers, both with time awake and across the 24-h day. These variations were similar between non-HC females and the other groups. Compared to males, HC females were more fatigued and less alert, both with time awake and across the 24-h day, and sleepier with time awake. Having children at home did not explain these differences. Conclusion The results of this study expand our knowledge on the sex differences in the sleep and circadian physiology and demonstrate a critical effect of HC on women fatigue, sleepiness and alertness when working shifts. Sex and hormonal parameters must be considered in occupational medicine as well as in future laboratory and field studies on shift workers and circadian rhythms. Support (if any) IRSST, FRQS.

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Restricted food access and light-dark: impact of conflicting zeitgebers on circadian rhythms of the rabbit

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1993.264.4.r708 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 264 (4) ◽

pp. R708-R715 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

B. Jilge ◽

H. Stahle

Keyword(s):

Circadian Rhythms ◽

Phase Difference ◽

Food Access ◽

Activity Rhythm ◽

Light Period ◽

The Other ◽

Behavioral Rhythms ◽

Activity Component ◽

Common Control ◽

Free Running

Free-running circadian rhythms of rabbits were exposed to a 11:55-11:55-h light-dark (LD) schedule. After complete entrainment (63 +/- 22 days), the predominantly nocturnally active rabbits were exposed to an additional zeitgeber, restricted food access (RF), which was imposed during the light period. In five animals RF had the same period (T) as the LD cycle (23:50 h), and in five other animals TRF was 24:10 h. At a period of 23:50 h for both zeitgebers, the rhythms of four animals were stably entrained to RF, while in one animal a component of the rhythm broke away from RF and entrained to the LD zeitgeber. In animals exposed to zeitgebers of different periods most of the activity rhythm also entrained to RF, but 20 +/- 7% of the activity entrained to the LD zeitgeber. The light-entrained activity component merged with the RF component when the zeitgebers crossed, and decomposition occurred when the phase difference exceeded 4-6 h. The results indicate that two circadian oscillator systems exist in the rabbit, one entrained by light-dark cycles and the other by feeding-fasting cycles. Both exert common control over a number of overt behavioral rhythms.

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Hyperthermia and voluntary exhaustion: integrating models and future challenges

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/h07-043 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 808-817 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Stephen S. Cheung

Keyword(s):

Heat Storage ◽

Brain Temperature ◽

Voluntary Exercise ◽

Future Research ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

Exertional Heat Illness ◽

Non Invasive ◽

The Past ◽

Future Challenges ◽

Effects Of Temperature

Over the past decade, research interest has risen on the direct effects of temperature on exercise capacity and tolerance, particular in the heat. Two major paradigms have been proposed for how hyperthermia may contribute to voluntary fatigue during exercise in the heat. One suggests that voluntary exhaustion occurs upon the approach or attainment of a critical internal temperature through impairment in a variety of physiological systems. An alternate perspective proposes that thermal inputs modulate the regulation of self-paced workload to minimize heat storage. This review seeks to summarize recent research leading to the development of these two models for hyperthermia and fatigue and explore possible bridges between them. Key areas for future research and development into voluntary exhaustion in the heat include (i) the development of valid and non-invasive means to measure brain temperature, (ii) understanding variability in perception and physiological responses to heat stress across individuals, (iii) extrapolating laboratory studies to field settings, (iv) understanding the failure in behavioural and physiological thermoregulation that leads to exertional heat illness, and (v) the integration of physiological and psychological parameters limiting voluntary exercise in the heat.

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Lifestyle Modification Improves Physical and Mental Health in Elderly Participants: Observational Study in a Controlled Environment

Alternative Complementary & Integrative Medicine ◽

10.24966/acim-7562/100193 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Gary Null ◽

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Observational Study ◽

Stress Reduction ◽

Lifestyle Modification ◽

Good Health ◽

Physical Endurance ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Reduction Techniques ◽

Daily Exercise ◽

Preventative Strategy

A 60-day observational study was conducted to evaluate how lifestyle modification principles relying upon a customized regimen of aerobic and muscle strength exercise, a plant-based diet and meditative stress reduction techniques may improve physical endurance and strength, mental health, and reverse normal aging associated with the average American lifestyle. All enrolled participants were generally in good health respective to their age. Several subjects had overlapping mild medical conditions. The results demonstrate that the intervention of a customized lifestyle modification regimen of regular daily exercise, a plant-based diet, and daily stress reduction practices, such as meditation and yoga, may provide a viable and beneficial preventative strategy as an anti-aging and wellness model to increase the physical and mental health of elderly men and women.

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Time-of-day-dependent responses of cyanobacterial cellular viability against oxidative stress

10.1101/851774 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Kenya Tanaka ◽

Ginga Shimakawa ◽

Shuji Nakanishi

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Circadian Rhythms ◽

Cell Viability ◽

Circadian Clock ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Circadian Oscillation ◽

Subjective Time ◽

Rhythmic Pattern ◽

Oxidative Stress Tolerance

AbstractAs an adaptation to periodic fluctuations of environmental light, photosynthetic organisms have evolved a circadian clock. Control by the circadian clock of many cellular physiological functions, including antioxidant enzymes, metabolism and the cell cycle, has attracted attention in the context of oxidative stress tolerance. However, since each physiological function works in an integrated manner to deal with oxidative stress, whether or not cell responses to oxidative stress are under circadian control remains an open question. In fact, circadian rhythms of oxidative stress tolerance have not yet been experimentally demonstrated. In the present work, we applied an assay using methyl viologen (MV), which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) under light irradiation, and experimentally verified the circadian rhythms of oxidative stress tolerance in photosynthetic cells of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942, a standard model species for investigation of the circadian clock. Here, we report that ROS generated by MV treatment causes damage to stroma components and not to the photosynthetic electron transportation chain, leading to reduced cell viability. The degree of decrease in cell viability was dependent on the subjective time at which oxidative stress was applied. Thus, oxidative stress tolerance was shown to exhibit circadian rhythms. In addition, the rhythmic pattern of oxidative stress tolerance disappeared in mutant cells lacking the essential clock genes. Notably, ROS levels changed periodically, independent of the MV treatment. Thus, we demonstrate for the first time that in cyanobacterial cells, oxidative stress tolerance shows circadian oscillation.

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POSTURAL DISORDERS IN THE ELDERLY IN STATIC ASSESSMENT

Wiadomości Lekarskie ◽

10.36740/wlek201909118 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 (9) ◽

pp. 1703-1707

Author(s):

Magdalena Sobiech ◽

Magdalena Zawadka ◽

Maciej Kochman ◽

Jaromir Jarecki ◽

Tomasz Blicharski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Premature Death ◽

The Elderly ◽

The Body ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Static Assessment ◽

Limited Physical Activity ◽

Active Recreation

Physical activity is one of the most important element of a healthy lifestyle and determinant of the physical and mental health. According to the WHO, limited physical activity is the fourth most common premature death risk factor in the world. Regular sport and active recreation is very important for our health. Physical exercise is the most effective method used by physiotherapists to prevent and slow down the aging process of the body, and consequently, diseases of elderly (e.g. osteoporosis, diabetes, hypertension and injuries). Physical activity has a positive effect on the quality of life and cognitive functions of elderly. The physiotherapeutic program should be based on functional training involving the entire human body. To plan and monitor the effectiveness of the training, different types of tests are used to assess the functional status of elderly people. These tests are based on the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment considering the state of health, physical and mental fitness as well as social and environmental determinants.

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Genomic heterogeneity affects the response to Daylight Saving Time

10.1101/2021.03.10.434637 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jonathan Tyler ◽

Yu Fang ◽

Cathy Goldstein ◽

Daniel Forger ◽

Srijan Sen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Circadian Rhythms ◽

Shift Work ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Multiple Time ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Daylight Saving Time ◽

Circadian Misalignment ◽

Daylight Saving ◽

The One ◽

External Time

ABSTRACTCircadian rhythms drive the timing of many physiological events in the 24-hour day. When individuals undergo an abrupt external shift (e.g., change in work schedule or travel across multiple time zones), circadian rhythms become misaligned with the new time and may take several days to adjust. Chronic circadian misalignment, e.g., as a result of shift work, has been shown to lead to several physical and mental health problems. Despite the serious health implications of circadian misalignment, relatively little is known about how genetic variation affects an individual’s ability to shift to abrupt external changes. Accordingly, we use the one-hour advance from the onset of daylight saving time (DST) as a natural experiment to comprehensively study how individual heterogeneity affects the shift of sleep-wake rhythms in response to an abrupt external time change. We find that individuals genetically predisposed to a morning tendency adjust to the advance in a few days, while genetically predisposed evening-inclined individuals have not shifted. Observing differential effects by genetic disposition after a one-hour advance underscores the importance of heterogeneity in adaptation to external schedule shifts, and these genetic differences may affect how individuals adjust to jet lag or shift work as well.

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