Chemical insights into bioinks for 3D printing

Optical tissue phantoms enable to mimic the optical properties of biological tissues for biomedical device calibration, new equipment validation, and clinical training for the detection, and treatment of diseases. Unfortunately, current methods for their development present some problems, such as a lack of repeatability in their optical properties. Where the use of three-dimensional (3D) printing or 3D bioprinting could address these issues. This paper aims to evaluate the use of this technology in the development of optical tissue phantoms. A competitive technology intelligence methodology was applied by analyzing Scopus, Web of Science, and patents from January 1, 2000, to July 31, 2018. The main trends regarding methods, materials, and uses, as well as predominant countries, institutions, and journals, were determined. The results revealed that, while 3D printing is already employed (in total, 108 scientific papers and 18 patent families were identified), 3D bioprinting is not yet applied for optical tissue phantoms. Nevertheless, it is expected to have significant growth. This research gives biomedical scientists a new window of opportunity for exploring the use of 3D bioprinting in a new area that may support testing of new equipment and development of techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

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Fabrication of 3D Printing Scaffold with Porcine Skin Decellularized Bio-Ink for Soft Tissue Engineering

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13163522 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (16) ◽

pp. 3522

Author(s):

Su Jeong Lee ◽

Jun Hee Lee ◽

Jisun Park ◽

Wan Doo Kim ◽

Su A Park

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Extracellular Matrix ◽

3D Printing ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

3D Bioprinting ◽

Research Groups ◽

Porcine Skin ◽

Alginate Hydrogel ◽

Chemical Treatments ◽

Soft Tissue Engineering

Recently, many research groups have investigated three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting techniques for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The bio-ink used in 3D bioprinting is typically a combination of synthetic and natural materials. In this study, we prepared bio-ink containing porcine skin powder (PSP) to determine rheological properties, biocompatibility, and extracellular matrix (ECM) formation in cells in PSP-ink after 3D printing. PSP was extracted without cells by mechanical, enzymatic, and chemical treatments of porcine dermis tissue. Our developed PSP-containing bio-ink showed enhanced printability and biocompatibility. To identify whether the bio-ink was printable, the viscosity of bio-ink and alginate hydrogel was analyzed with different concentration of PSP. As the PSP concentration increased, viscosity also increased. To assess the biocompatibility of the PSP-containing bio-ink, cells mixed with bio-ink printed structures were measured using a live/dead assay and WST-1 assay. Nearly no dead cells were observed in the structure containing 10 mg/mL PSP-ink, indicating that the amounts of PSP-ink used were nontoxic. In conclusion, the proposed skin dermis decellularized bio-ink is a candidate for 3D bioprinting.

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Individual cell-only bioink and photocurable supporting medium for 3D printing and generation of engineered tissues with complex geometries

Materials Horizons ◽

10.1039/c9mh00375d ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (8) ◽

pp. 1625-1631 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Oju Jeon ◽

Yu Bin Lee ◽

Hyoen Jeong ◽

Sang Jin Lee ◽

Derrick Wells ◽

...

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Structural Control ◽

Individual Cell ◽

Complex Geometries ◽

3D Bioprinting ◽

Long Term Culture ◽

Engineered Tissues ◽

Cellular Condensation

Functional tissues with complex geometries can be engineered by 3D bioprinting individual cell-only bioinks into a photocrosslinkable microgel support bath, which permits structural control over cellular condensation formation and long-term culture.

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Current research in development of polycaprolactone filament for 3D bioprinting: a review

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/926/1/012080 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 926 (1) ◽

pp. 012080

Author(s):

C Amni ◽

Marwan ◽

S Aprilia ◽

E Indarti

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Development Stage ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Fabrication Process ◽

3D Bioprinting ◽

Three Dimensional Printing ◽

Further Development ◽

Dimensional Printing ◽

The Ideal

Abstract Three-dimensional printing (3DP) provides a fast and easy fabrication process without demanding post-processing. 3D-bioprinting is a special class in 3DP. Bio-printing is the process of accurately 3DP structural design using filament. 3D bio-printing technology is still in the development stage, its application in various engineering continues to increase, such as in tissue engineering. As a forming material in 3D printing, many types of commercial filaments have been developed. Filaments can be produced from either natural or synthetic biomaterials alone, or a combination of the two as a hybrid material. The ideal filament must have precise mechanical, rheological and biological properties. Polycaprolactone (PCL) is specifically developed and optimized for bio-printing of 3D structures. PCL is a strategy in 3D printing to better control interconnectivity and porosity spatially. Structural stability and less sensitive properties environmental conditions, such as temperature, humidity, etc make PCL as an ideal material for the FDM fabrication process. In this review, we provide an in-depth discussion of current research on PCL as a filament currently used for 3D bio-printing and outline some future perspectives in their further development.

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The Patent Eligibility of 3D Bioprinting: Towards a New Version of Living Inventions’ Patentability

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom12010124 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 124

Author(s):

Nabeel M. Althabhawi ◽

Zinatul Ashiqin Zainol

Keyword(s):

Synthetic Biology ◽

Pharmaceutical Industry ◽

3D Printing ◽

Medical Surgery ◽

3D Bioprinting ◽

Effective Protection ◽

Patent Systems ◽

Printing Techniques ◽

The U.S ◽

The Eu

A combination of 3D printing techniques and synthetic biology, 3D bioprinting is a promising field. It is expected that 3D bioprinting technologies will have applications across an array of fields, spanning biotechnology, medical surgery and the pharmaceutical industry. Nonetheless, the progress of these technologies could be hindered, unless there is adequate and effective protection for related applications. In this article, the authors examine the patent eligibility of 3D bioprinting technologies. This issue raises concern given that existing patent systems are generally averse to nature-derived inventions and many of them exclude products of nature or discoveries from patentability. This qualitative study analyses the current patent systems in key jurisdictions, particularly, the U.S. and the EU, and their applicability, as well as effectiveness, in the context of 3D bioprinting. The study argues that the main reason for the apathy of existing patent systems towards bio-inventions is that they were designed to deal with mechanical inventions. It suggests an innovation framework that encompasses both mechanical and biological inventions to cater adequately to emerging technologies.

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Rheological and Printability Assessments on Biomaterial Inks of Nanocellulose/Photo-Crosslinkable Biopolymer in Light-Aided 3D Printing

Frontiers in Chemical Engineering ◽

10.3389/fceng.2021.723429 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Author(s):

Qingbo Wang ◽

Oskar Backman ◽

Markus Nuopponen ◽

Chunlin Xu ◽

Xiaoju Wang

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Shear Flow ◽

Intermolecular Interactions ◽

High Performance ◽

Colloidal Stability ◽

Cellulose Nanofibers ◽

3D Bioprinting ◽

Printing Process ◽

Rheological Measurements ◽

Recovery Behavior

Biomaterial inks based on cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and photo-crosslinkable biopolymers have great potential as a high-performance ink system in light-aided, hydrogel extrusion-based 3D bioprinting. However, the colloidal stability of surface charged nanofibrils is susceptible to mono-cations in physiological buffers, which complexes the application scenarios of these systems in formulating cell-laden bioinks. In this study, biomaterial inks formulated by neutral and negatively surface charged CNFs (GrowInk-N and GrowInk-T) and photo-crosslinkable biopolymers (gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and methacrylated galactoglucomannan (GGMMA)) were prepared with Milli-Q water or PBS buffer. Quantitative rheological measurements were performed on the ink formulations to characterize their shear flow recovery behavior and to understand the intermolecular interactions between the CNFs of different kinds with GGMMA or GelMA. Meanwhile, printability assessments, including filament extrudability and shape fidelity of the printed scaffold under varying printing conditions, were carried out to optimize the printing process. Our study provides extensive supporting information for further developing these nanocellulose-based systems into photo-crosslinkable bioinks in the service of cell-laden 3D bioprinting.

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3D PRINTING AND 3D BIOPRINTING TO USE FOR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS

Contemporary Materials ◽

10.7251/comen1901082s ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Milan Šljivić ◽

Dragoljub Mirjanić ◽

Nataša Šljivić ◽

Cristiano Fragassa ◽

Ana Pavlović

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

3D Models ◽

Physical Models ◽

Layer By Layer ◽

3D Bioprinting ◽

Solid Objects ◽

Modern Methods ◽

Digital File

The Additive manufacturing 3D printing is a process of creating a three dimensional solid objects or rapid prototyping of 3D models from a digital file, which builds layer by layer. The 3D bioprinting is a form sophisticated of 3D printing technology involving cells and tissues for the production of tissue for regenerative medicine, which is also built layer by layer into the area of human tissue or organ. This paper defines the modern methods and materials of the AM, which are used for the development of physical models and individually adjusted implants for 3D printing for medical purposes. The main classification of 3D printing and 3D bioprinting technologies are also defined by typical materials and a field of application. It is proven that 3D printing and 3D bioprinting techniques have a huge potential and a possibility to revolutionize the field of medicine.

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Current achievements in 3D bioprinting technology of chitosan and its hybrids

New Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1039/d1nj01497h ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shadpour Mallakpour ◽

Fariba Sirous ◽

Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain

Keyword(s):

Additive Manufacturing ◽

3D Printing ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

3D Bioprinting ◽

Printing Technology ◽

3D Printing Technology ◽

The World

In recent years, additive manufacturing, or in other words three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has rapidly become one of the hot topics in the world. Among the vast majority of materials,...

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3D Printing Applied to Tissue Engineered Vascular Grafts

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app8122631 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 2631 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Raphaël Wenger ◽

Marie-Noëlle Giraud

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Patency Rate ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Vascular Grafts ◽

Vascular Diseases ◽

3D Bioprinting ◽

Multi Scale ◽

Solid Polymers ◽

Art Research ◽

Printing Techniques

The broad clinical use of synthetic vascular grafts for vascular diseases is limited by their thrombogenicity and low patency rate, especially for vessels with a diameter inferior to 6 mm. Alternatives such as tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs), have gained increasing interest. Among the different manufacturing approaches, 3D bioprinting presents numerous advantages and enables the fabrication of multi-scale, multi-material, and multicellular tissues with heterogeneous and functional intrinsic structures. Extrusion-, inkjet- and light-based 3D printing techniques have been used for the fabrication of TEVG out of hydrogels, cells, and/or solid polymers. This review discusses the state-of-the-art research on the use of 3D printing for TEVG with a focus on the biomaterials and deposition methods.

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Recent Trends in Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Bioinks for 3D Printing: An Updated Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20184628 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (18) ◽

pp. 4628 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Kevin Dzobo ◽

Keolebogile Shirley Caroline M. Motaung ◽

Adetola Adesida

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Extracellular Matrix ◽

3D Printing ◽

Regenerative Medicine ◽

Treatment Options ◽

3D Bioprinting ◽

Characterization Methods ◽

Physical Strength ◽

Decellularized Extracellular Matrix ◽

The Right

The promise of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering is founded on the ability to regenerate diseased or damaged tissues and organs into functional tissues and organs or the creation of new tissues and organs altogether. In theory, damaged and diseased tissues and organs can be regenerated or created using different configurations and combinations of extracellular matrix (ECM), cells, and inductive biomolecules. Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering can allow the improvement of patients’ quality of life through availing novel treatment options. The coupling of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering with 3D printing, big data, and computational algorithms is revolutionizing the treatment of patients in a huge way. 3D bioprinting allows the proper placement of cells and ECMs, allowing the recapitulation of native microenvironments of tissues and organs. 3D bioprinting utilizes different bioinks made up of different formulations of ECM/biomaterials, biomolecules, and even cells. The choice of the bioink used during 3D bioprinting is very important as properties such as printability, compatibility, and physical strength influence the final construct printed. The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides both physical and mechanical microenvironment needed by cells to survive and proliferate. Decellularized ECM bioink contains biochemical cues from the original native ECM and also the right proportions of ECM proteins. Different techniques and characterization methods are used to derive bioinks from several tissues and organs and to evaluate their quality. This review discusses the uses of decellularized ECM bioinks and argues that they represent the most biomimetic bioinks available. In addition, we briefly discuss some polymer-based bioinks utilized in 3D bioprinting.

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