scholarly journals The novel testicular enrichment protein Cfap58 is required for Notch-associated ciliogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng-Zheng Li ◽  
Wen-Long Zhao ◽  
Gui-Shuan Wang ◽  
Ni-Hao Gu ◽  
Fei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Notch Signaling Pathway ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Cultured Astrocytes ◽  
Mother Centriole ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Sperm Midpiece ◽  
Flagellar Assembly ◽  
Cilia And Flagella ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

Abstract Cilia and flagella are critical organelles with conserved internal structures and diverse developmental and physiological processes according to cell type. Although the core components of structures are shared with thousands of associated proteins involved in cilia or flagella formation, we hypothesized that some unknown proteins, such as outer dense fiber 2 (Odf2/Cenexin) perform distinct functions in these organelles. In the present study, we identified several uncharacterized proteins through mass spectrometry interactome analysis of Odf2/Cenexin proteins. We further examined the expression patterns and functions of a protein named cilia and flagella associated protein 58 (Cfap58) in cultured astrocytes and sperm flagella. The results of a combination of biochemical analyses and drug administration studies reveal that Cfap58 is a testis-enrichment protein that exhibits similar localization to Odf2/Cenexin proteins and is required for the elongation of the primary cilium and sperm midpiece via modulation of the Notch signaling pathway. However, the cell cycle-related functions and localization of Odf2/Cenexin in the mother centriole were not altered in Cfap58 knockdown cells. These findings indicate that Cfap58 may be partially recruited by Odf2/Cenexin proteins and is indispensable for the cilia and flagellar assembly. These data provide us with a better understanding of ciliogenesis and flagellar elongation and may aid in identifying new targets for diseases caused by Notch-mediated ciliopathies and flagellar abnormalities.

scholarly journals Transcriptome-based identification and expression characterization of RgABCC transporters in Rehmannia glutinosa

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253188
Author(s):  
Yan Hui Yang ◽  
Chao Jie Wang ◽  
Rui Fang Li ◽  
Yan Jie Yi ◽  
Lei Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Rehmannia Glutinosa ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Specific Accumulation ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Expression Characterization

ABCC multidrug resistance-associated proteins (ABCCs/MRPs), a subfamily of ABC transporters, are involved in multiple physiological processes. Although these proteins have been characterized in some plants, limited efforts have been made to address their possible roles in Rehmannia glutinosa, a medicinal plant. Here, we scanned R. glutinosa transcriptome sequences and identified 18 RgABCC genes by in silico analysis. Sequence alignment revealed that the RgABCCs were closely phylogenetically related and highly conserved with other plant ABCCs/MRPs. Subcellular localization revealed that most of the RgABCCs were deposited in vacuoles and a few in plasma membranes. Tissue-specific expression of the RgABCCs indicated significant specific accumulation patterns, implicating their roles in the respective tissues. Differential temporal expression patterns of the RgABCCs exhibited their potential roles during root development. Various abiotic stress and hormone treatment experiments indicated that some RgABCCs could be transcriptionally regulated in roots. Furthermore, the transcription of several RgABCCs in roots was strongly activated by cadmium (Cd), suggesting possible roles under heavy metal stresses. Functional analysis of RgABCC1 heterologous expression revealed that it may increase the tolerance to Cd in yeast, implying its Cd transport activity. Our study provides a detailed inventory and molecular characterization of the RgABCCs and valuable information for exploring their functions in R. glutinosa.

scholarly journals Histone deacetylase (HDAC) 9: versatile biological functions and emerging roles in human cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Yang ◽  
Stéphane Croteau ◽  
Pierre Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Histone Deacetylase ◽  
Posttranslational Modifications ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis

Abstract Background HDAC9 (histone deacetylase 9) belongs to the class IIa family of histone deacetylases. This enzyme can shuttle freely between the nucleus and cytoplasm and promotes tissue-specific transcriptional regulation by interacting with histone and non-histone substrates. HDAC9 plays an essential role in diverse physiological processes including cardiac muscle development, bone formation, adipocyte differentiation and innate immunity. HDAC9 inhibition or activation is therefore a promising avenue for therapeutic intervention in several diseases. HDAC9 overexpression is also common in cancer cells, where HDAC9 alters the expression and activity of numerous relevant proteins involved in carcinogenesis. Conclusions This review summarizes the most recent discoveries regarding HDAC9 as a crucial regulator of specific physiological systems and, more importantly, highlights the diverse spectrum of HDAC9-mediated posttranslational modifications and their contributions to cancer pathogenesis. HDAC9 is a potential novel therapeutic target, and the restoration of aberrant expression patterns observed among HDAC9 target genes and their related signaling pathways may provide opportunities to the design of novel anticancer therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Exosomes Derived From Senescent Cells Promote Cellular Senescence

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
Genxiang Mao ◽  
Xiaogang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Fetal Lung ◽  
Notch Signaling Pathway ◽  
Cell Senescence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Cycle Distribution ◽  
Young Control ◽  
Intracellular Ros ◽  
Associated Proteins

Abstract Exosomes are one type of small-cell extracellular vesicles (sEVs), which together with the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) mainly constitute the senescent microenvironment and perform remotely intercellular communication. However, the effects of senescence on exosomes biosynthesis and secretion and its role in the cell senescence are still obscure. Here, we used human fetal lung diploid fibroblasts (2BS) passaged to PD50 to construct the senescent cells model in vitro, which were confirmed by senescence-related β-galactosidase staining, cell cycle distribution, and intracellular ROS levels. PD30 2BS was used as young control. We evaluated the exosomes derived from senescence and young control group respectively and investigated their regulation of senescence. We found that exosomes released from 2BS had typical sizes and cup-shapes morphology and their surface presented typical exosome-associated proteins. The number of exosomes secreted by senescent cells was significantly higher than that of young cells. Moreover, exosomal markers Alix, TSG101, and CD63 were all more expressed than young cells. Furthermore, we treat young cells with exosomes secreted by senescent cells, which can induce senescence-like changes in young cells, including increased SA-β-Gal activity, up-regulated p16 protein expression, and activation of the Notch signaling pathway. The above results imply that exosomes derived from senescent cells can promote cell senescence. The findings expand the current knowledge on exosomes-mediated aging and provide a novel understanding of the relationship between SASP and senescence. This study is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81771520 and 31702144).

scholarly journals Comprehensive Analysis of the Histone Deacetylase Gene Family in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa): From Evolution and Expression Pattern to Functional Analysis of BraHDA3

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
Seung Hee Eom ◽  
Tae Kyung Hyun
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Lysine Residues

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are known as erasers that remove acetyl groups from lysine residues in histones. Although plant HDACs play essential roles in physiological processes, including various stress responses, our knowledge concerning HDAC gene families and their evolutionary relationship remains limited. In Brassica rapa genome, we identified 20 HDAC genes, which are divided into three major groups: RPD3/HDA1, HD2, and SIR2 families. In addition, seven pairs of segmental duplicated paralogs and one pair of tandem duplicated paralogs were identified in the B. rapa HDAC (BraHDAC) family, indicating that segmental duplication is predominant for the expansion of the BraHDAC genes. The expression patterns of paralogous gene pairs suggest a divergence in the function of BraHDACs under various stress conditions. Furthermore, we suggested that BraHDA3 (homologous of Arabidopsis HDA14) encodes the functional HDAC enzyme, which can be inhibited by Class I/II HDAC inhibitor SAHA. As a first step toward understanding the epigenetic responses to environmental stresses in Chinese cabbage, our results provide a solid foundation for functional analysis of the BraHDAC family.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification and analysis of class III peroxidases in Betula pendula

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kewei Cai ◽  
Huixin Liu ◽  
Song Chen ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Xiyang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Plant Life Cycle ◽  
Class Iii Peroxidases ◽  
And Function

Abstract Background Class III peroxidases (POD) proteins are widely present in the plant kingdom that are involved in a broad range of physiological processes including stress responses and lignin polymerization throughout the plant life cycle. At present, POD genes have been studied in Arabidopsis, rice, poplar, maize and Chinese pear, but there are no reports on the identification and function of POD gene family in Betula pendula. Results We identified 90 nonredundant POD genes in Betula pendula. (designated BpPODs). According to phylogenetic relationships, these POD genes were classified into 12 groups. The BpPODs are distributed in different numbers on the 14 chromosomes, and some BpPODs were located sequentially in tandem on chromosomes. In addition, we analyzed the conserved domains of BpPOD proteins and found that they contain highly conserved motifs. We also investigated their expression patterns in different tissues, the results showed that some BpPODs might play an important role in xylem, leaf, root and flower. Furthermore, under low temperature conditions, some BpPODs showed different expression patterns at different times. Conclusions The research on the structure and function of the POD genes in Betula pendula plays a very important role in understanding the growth and development process and the molecular mechanism of stress resistance. These results lay the theoretical foundation for the genetic improvement of Betula pendula.

scholarly journals Multiple Promoters Contribute to Swarming and the Coordination of Transcription with Flagellar Assembly in Salmonella

2010 ◽  
Vol 192 (18) ◽  
pp. 4752-4762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher E. Wozniak ◽  
Fabienne F. V. Chevance ◽  
Kelly T. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Basal Body ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Swarming Motility ◽  
Multiple Promoters ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Flagellar Assembly

ABSTRACT In Salmonella, there are three classes of promoters in the flagellar transcriptional hierarchy. This organization allows genes needed earlier in the construction of flagella to be transcribed before genes needed later. Four operons (fliAZY, flgMN, fliDST, and flgKL) are expressed from both class 2 and class 3 promoters. To investigate the purpose for expressing genes from multiple flagellar promoters, mutants were constructed for each operon that were defective in either class 2 transcription or class 3 transcription. The mutants were checked for defects in swimming through liquids, swarming over surfaces, and transcriptional regulation. The expression of the hook-associated proteins (FlgK, FlgL, and FliD) from class 3 promoters was found to be important for swarming motility. Both flgMN promoters were involved in coordinating class 3 transcription with the stage of assembly of the hook-basal body. Finally, the fliAZY class 3 promoter lowered class 3 transcription in stationary phase. These results indicate that the multiple flagellar promoters respond to specific environmental conditions and help coordinate transcription with flagellar assembly.

An Overview on the Role of miR-451 in Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis

MicroRNA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saiedeh Razi Soofiyani ◽  
Kamram Hosseini ◽  
Alireza Soleimanian ◽  
Liela Abkhooei ◽  
Akbar Mohammad Hoseini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Lung Tumor ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Lung Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Cell Proliferation Inhibition ◽  
Diagnosis Therapy ◽  
Potential Use

: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved non-coding RNAs involved in many physiological processes such as cell proliferation, inhibition, development of apoptosis, differentiation, suppresses tumorigenicity, and regulating cell growth. The description of the alterations of miRNA expression patterns in cancers will be helpful to recognize biomarkers for early detection and possible therapeutic intervention in the treatment of cancers. Recent studies have shown that miR-451 is broadly dysregulated in lung cancer and is a crucial agent in lung tumor progression. This review summarizes recent advances of the potential role of miR-451 in lung cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment and provides an insight into the potential use of miR-451 for the development of advanced therapeutic methods in lung cancer.

scholarly journals Deimination, Intermediate Filaments and Associated Proteins

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8746
Author(s):  
Julie Briot ◽  
Michel Simon ◽  
Marie-Claire Méchin
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Intermediate Filaments ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Associated Proteins

Deimination (or citrullination) is a post-translational modification catalyzed by a calcium-dependent enzyme family of five peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs). Deimination is involved in physiological processes (cell differentiation, embryogenesis, innate and adaptive immunity, etc.) and in autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and lupus), cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. Intermediate filaments (IF) and associated proteins (IFAP) are major substrates of PADs. Here, we focus on the effects of deimination on the polymerization and solubility properties of IF proteins and on the proteolysis and cross-linking of IFAP, to finally expose some features of interest and some limitations of citrullinomes.

scholarly journals Oogenesis and lipid metabolism in the deep-sea sponge Phakellia ventilabrum: an histological, lipidomic and transcriptomic approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Koutsouveli ◽  
David Balgoma ◽  
Antonia Checa ◽  
Mikael Hedeland ◽  
Ana Riesgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Beta Oxidation ◽  
Animal Reproduction ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation

Abstract Background Sponges contain an astounding diversity of lipids which serve in several biological functions, including yolk formation in their oocytes and the embryos. On animal reproduction, lipids constitute one of the main energy storage forms for the adult and the offspring. The study of lipid metabolism during reproduction can provide information on food-web dynamics and energetic needs of the populations in their habitats, however, there are no studies focusing on the lipid metabolism of sponges during seasonal reproduction. The deep-sea sponge Phakellia ventilabrum (Demospongiae, Bubarida) is a key species of North-Atlantic sponge grounds, but its reproductive biology is not known. In this study, we used histological sections, lipidome profiling (UHPLC-MS), and transcriptomic analysis (RNA-seq) with goal to i. assess the reproductive strategy and seasonality of this species, ii. examine the relative changes in the lipidome signal, and the gene expression patterns (RNA-seq) of enzymes participating in lipid metabolism in female specimens during gametogenesis.Results P. ventilabrum is an oviparous and most certainly gonochoristic species, reproducing in May and September in the different studied areas. Half of specimens were reproducing, generating two to five oocytes per mm2. Oocytes accumulated both protein and lipid droplets. As oogenesis progressed, the signal of most of the unsaturated and monounsaturated triacylglycerides increased, as well as of few other phospholipids. Most of the other lipids and especially those with > 3 unsaturations showed a decrease in signal during the oocyte maturation. In parallel, we detected upregulated genes in female tissues related to triacylglyceride biosynthesis and others related to fatty acid beta-oxidation.Conclusions Triacylglycerides are probably the main type of lipid forming the yolk since this lipid category has the most marked changes, while some other phospholipids may also have a role in oogenesis. In parallel, other lipid categories were oxidized, leading to fatty acid beta-oxidation to cover the energy requirements of female individuals during oogenesis. Variations in the signal of most lipids between the different locations and months suggest that sponges, apart from their own mechanisms of lipid biosynthesis, exploit the food availability in their surroundings to cover the energetic demands in their physiological processes.

Abstract P141: GYY4137, a H 2 S Donor, Normalizes miR-132 Targeted Sirt1 and Ace2 Expression to Improve Kidney Function in Hypertension

Hypertension ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Weber ◽  
Sathnur Pushpakumar ◽  
Utpal Sen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Epigenetic Gene Silencing ◽  
Increased Blood Flow

MicroRNAs regulate several physiological processes and are implicated in various pathologies, including hypertension. Previous work indicates miR-132 targets Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), a histone deacetylase and regulator of epigenetic gene silencing in various cellular processes. Sirt1 is expressed in the kidney; however, its role in hypertensive kidney and whether it is regulated by physiological gaseous molecules, such as hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), is not known. In this study, we sought to determine the role of miR-132 in regulating Sirt1, Ace2 and At1 in hypertensive kidney and whether H 2 S donor, GYY4137 (GYY), could reverse these effects and mitigates renal dysfunction. Wild-type mice were treated without or with Ang-II (1000 ng/Kg/Min) and GYY (133 μM) for 4 weeks. Quantitative PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence assays were performed. Increased expression levels of miR-132 in hypertensive mice (3.79 fold vs control) were reduced in mice receiving GYY treatment (2.43 fold vs control). Sirt1 expression was reduced (-1.15 fold) in Ang-II mice but was upregulated in GYY (1.25 fold) and Ang-II+GYY (1.9 fold) groups. A similar effect was seen with Sirt1 protein where the expression was increased in animals treated with GYY and Ang-II+GYY (1.16, 1.03 respectively) compared to Ang-II (0.47). Ace2 in Ang-II+GYY (0.45) was increased compared to Ang-II (0.17), while At1 was reduced (0.46) compared to Ang-II (0.86). Immunofluorescence showed decreased signal of Sirt1 in the glomerulus in Ang-II mice and increased At1 in the blood vessels surrounding the glomerulus, leading to constriction of renal artery, decreased blood flow, and kidney dysfunction. These effects were alleviated in mice treated with GYY. Our data suggests that upregulation of miR-132 in hypertensive kidney decreases Sirt1 and Ace2 expression, leading to increased Ang-II signaling through the At1 receptor and GYY supplementation reverses these expression patterns, leading to increased blood flow and kidney function.

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