scholarly journals Resource-Saving Methods for Growing Rice in the Krasnodar Territory

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00151
Author(s):  
Igor Prikhodko ◽  
Stanislav Vladimirov ◽  
Daniil Alexandrov
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
New Generation

The world practice of rice cultivation has shown that rice cultivation by traditional methods for Russia is labor-intensive, resource-intensive, ineffective with low profitability, and often unprofitable production. As a result, traditional methods of flooding rice paddies in Russia are faced with a shortage and high cost of irrigation water and a reduction in rice irrigation systems, i.e., areas suitable for rice cultivation. For solving the problem of unprofitable rice production, an analysis of the world practice of rice production has been implemented. The analysis showed that the most optimal solution for the natural and climatic conditions of the Krasnodar Territory is the cultivation of rice using sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation. Further analysis showed that drip irrigation is the most promising way of growing rice, which has many undeniable advantages. The main advantages of drip irrigation are the low irrigation rate, labor intensity, and energy intensity of rice production. Therefore, the article proposes a pioneering Russian ridge cultivation method for rice cultivation on the lands of the irrigated rice fund with drip irrigation under plastic and/or biodegradable perforated film. This method will make it possible to radically revise the principles of rice cultivation, form a new generation of rice crop rotations with the inclusion of melons and vegetables in them, and carry out rice production on previously rainfed lands. The implementation of the method has proven the effectiveness and feasibility of our research.

scholarly journals Development of resource-saving technologies for rice cultivation on rice irrigation systems in the Krasnodar Territory

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00029
Author(s):  
Igor Prikhodko ◽  
Stanislav Vladimirov ◽  
Daniil Alexandrov
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Rice Irrigation

According to the studies carried out by the US Geological Survey (USGS) under the project GFSAD30, Russia ranks fourth in the world in the number of fertile lands. However, today there are some problems that “slow down” the development of the Russia’s agricultural sector, including the rice-planting complex. One of the main problems of the Russian agro-industrial complex is unsustainable environmental management, which leads to inefficiency and sometimes loss of agricultural production. This is caused by the “rigidity” of the legal framework, the reluctance or inability of the economy to switch to new resourcesaving technologies, as well as the fear of partially or completely losing the crop when switching to new technologies. For the “soft” transition of the economy to new resource-saving technologies, we propose a resource-saving technology for cultivating rice on underground drip irrigation under mulch film on rice irrigation systems, the introduction of which proved its effectiveness, as well as the relevance of our study. The efficiency of proposed resource-saving technology of rice cultivation on drip irrigation is expressed in the increase of profitability of rice production by 26%, reduction of irrigation norm by more than 5 times, labor intensity of rice production by 42% and material costs by 24%. The proposed technology not only reduced the anthropogenic load, but also improved the land reclamation condition, including the situation in the rice irrigation ecosystem. Further development of drip technologies in the rice sector of Russia will allow developing fundamentally new, ecological-reclamative, balanced rice crop rotation with the inclusion of vegetable and cucurbits crops. The proposed technology will provide an opportunity to cultivate rice outside rice irrigation systems on previously rich lands, which will give agro-industrial workers new opportunities and prospects in rice production.

scholarly journals Development of new methods of rice cultivation for the reclamation and water management complex of the Lower Kuban

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00152
Author(s):  
Igor Prikhodko
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Water Management Complex ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Subsequent Withdrawal

According to long-term studies of the influence of rice cultivation show that meadow-black soil, meadow, alluvial, meadow-swamp (heavy black soils) soils of the reclamation and water management complex of the Lower Kuban, with the beginning of their use for rice cultivation, lose their favorable physical properties and become degraded, merged, viscous and gleyed formations, which leads to a decrease in the yield and quality of the resulting grain, loss of soil fertility, as a rule, with the subsequent withdrawal of lands from the irrigation fund. In order to prevent these negative consequences, it is necessary to use the accumulated world experience of rice cultivation in a timely manner. For a number of reasons, many scientific achievements in the field of selective breeding and rice production technologies remain unpopular. Today, the level of information technology allows studying the advanced experience of rice cultivation in a short time. The world leader in rice production is the PRC, where for more than 10 years they have been practicing the cultivation of rice using drip watering under mulching film, considering this method to be one of the most effective and resource-saving. However, the rice-growing regions of the PRC are located in subtropical and tropical climates with the sum of active temperatures and solar activity during the growing season significantly exceeding the average values of these values for the rice-growing regions of the reclamation and water management complex of the Lower Kuban. Consequently, to implement this technology on the rice irrigation systems of the Krasnodar Territory, it is necessary to adapt them to the natural and climatic conditions of the region. Therefore, the paper proposes the technology of underground drip watering of rice, the introduction of which has proven its effectiveness and feasibility.

scholarly journals Increasing the efficiency of rice production through the introduction of resource-saving technologies on the example of rice systems in Krasnodar Territory

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00031
Author(s):  
Igor Prihodko
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Irrigation Project ◽  
Irrigation Technology ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Potential Area

Rice cultivation is the most resource-intensive production in the Russian agro-industrial sector. Historically, the technology of flooded rice cultivation in thу Krasnodar Territory has remained virtually unchanged for more than 90 years. This is due not only to the biological but also to the technological features of its cultivation. In this connection, the issue of optimizing the production process of rice cultivation is becoming increasingly important every year. Global experience in rice cultivation has determined a further direction of research on optimizing rice cultivation technologies, namely the development of a resource-saving technology for drip irrigation of rice. The pioneering research done by domestic scientists to test drip irrigation of rice in Russia has proved the feasibility and effectiveness of their use. This article proposes a modern resource-saving drip irrigation project for rice, which was tested in OOO “Chernoerkovskoe” in the Slavyanskiy District of the Krasnodar Territory. The authors have proved the efficiency of the proposed rice cultivation technology, resulting in the reduction of irrigation norm, material, labour, energy and technical-technological resources in rice production and crops of rice rotation. The introduction of the new technology has improved not only the biometric indicators of rice, but also the ameliorative condition of soils. Drip irrigation technology makes it possible to cultivate rice outside the rice irrigation systems on land previously used for rain-fed agriculture, which will increase not only the potential area under rice cultivation, but also the geography of rice cultivation in Russia.

scholarly journals Growing Rice with Less Water: Improving Productivity by Decreasing Water Demand

2021 ◽  
pp. 147-170
Author(s):  
Balwant Singh ◽  
Shefali Mishra ◽  
Deepak Singh Bisht ◽  
Rohit Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Soil Culture ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Cultivation Practices ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Basic Approaches

AbstractRice is a staple food for more than half of the global population. With the increasing population, the yield of rice must correspondingly increase to fulfill the requirement. Rice is cultivated worldwide in four different types of ecosystems, which are limited by the availability of irrigation water. However, water-limiting conditions negatively affect rice production; therefore, to enhance productivity under changing climatic conditions, improved cultivation practices and drought-tolerant cultivars/varieties are required. There are two basic approaches to cultivation: (1) plant based and (2) soil and irrigation based, which can be targeted for improving rice production. Crop plants primarily follow three mechanisms: drought escape, avoidance, and tolerance. Based on these mechanisms, different strategies are followed, which include cultivar selection based on yield stability under drought. Similarly, soil- and irrigation-based strategies consist of decreasing non-beneficial water depletions and water outflows, aerobic rice development, alternate wetting and drying, saturated soil culture, system of rice intensification, and sprinkler irrigation. Further strategies involve developing drought-tolerant cultivars through marker-assisted selection/pyramiding, genomic selection, QTL mapping, and other breeding and cultivation practices such as early planting to follow escape strategies and decreasing stand density to minimize competition with weeds. Similarly, the identification of drought-responsive genes and their manipulation will provide a technological solution to overcome drought stress. However, it was the Green Revolution that increased crop production. To maintain the balance, there is a need for another revolution to cope with the increasing demand.

Penerapan Rinfo Sebagai Media Pendukung Untuk Proses Pembelajaran Pada Perguruan Tinggi Raharja

CCIT Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-115
Author(s):  
Untung Rahardja ◽  
Khanna Tiara ◽  
Ray Indra Taufik Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Learning Tools ◽  
Integrated Learning ◽  
Civilizing Process ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Life Education ◽  
New Generation

Education is an important factor in human life. According to Ki Hajar Dewantara, education is a civilizing process that a business gives high values ??to the new generation in a society that is not only maintenance but also with a view to promote and develop the culture of the nobility toward human life. Education is a human investment that can be used now and in the future. One other important factor in supporting human life in addition to education, which is technology. In this globalization era, technology has touched every joint of human life. The combination of these two factors will be a new innovation in the world of education. The innovation has been implemented by Raharja College, namely the use of the method iLearning (Integrated Learning) in the learning process. Where such learning has been online based. ILearning method consists of TPI (Ten Pillars of IT iLearning). Rinfo is one of the ten pillars, where it became an official email used by the whole community’s in Raharja College to communicate with each other. Rinfo is Gmail, which is adapted from the Google platform with typical raharja.info as its domain. This Rinfo is a medium of communication, as well as a tool to support the learning process in Raharja College. Because in addition to integrated with TPi, this Rinfo was connected also support with other learning tools, such as Docs, Drive, Sites, and other supporting tools.

Russia in the World Production and Market of Potatoes and Fruit and Vegetable Products

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
Yu.I. Agirbov ◽  
◽  
R.R. Mukhametzyanov ◽  
E.V. Britik ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
World Market ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Global Rating ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
World Production ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Vegetable Products ◽  
The World ◽  
Qualitative Changes

In 1961-2018 in the world as a whole, the gross harvest of potatoes increased from 290.6 million tons to 368.2 million tons, that is, 1.36 times. Over the same period, the production of vegetables and food melons increased from 197.7 million tons to 1,088.8 million tons (5.51 times), and fruits and berries from 199.9 million tons to 867.8 million tons (4.34 times). In a number of states in 1992-2018 the corresponding increase significantly exceeded the average values for the world as a whole, as a result of which their place in the global ranking increased, and the positions of some traditional producers of potatoes and fruits and vegetables decreased. For example, in terms of gross harvest of potatoes in 1992, Russia was in first place, and Poland was in third, while in 2018 they were in 4th and 9th positions, respectively. In terms of vegetable production, Italy and Japan were displaced from 4th and 5th places, which were taken by Turkey and Nigeria. In terms of gross harvests of fruits and berries, Turkey occupied the fifth position in total world production by 2018, although in 1992 it belonged to Italy. Quantitative and qualitative changes inevitably have a significant impact on both the volume of the world market and the parameters of international trade in potatoes, vegetables and melons, fruits and berries. Processes in foreign economic liberalization and economic integration contributed to an increase in the specialization and concentration of production of relevant plants in countries with more favorable natural and climatic conditions, as well as a gradual increase in demand for potatoes, vegetables and melons, fruits and berries from a number of states, including those that used to meet the needs of their population in large volumes at the expense of their own producers. The Russian Federation is one of the significant players in the world potato and fruit and vegetable market. Despite the increase in gross fruit and vegetable production in recent years, Russia’s positions in the global rating dropped from 7th to 10th place in vegetables and melons, from 20th to 31st place in fruits and berries. As for potatoes, there was a decrease in the volume of its production, as a result, Russia dropped from 1st place in 1992 to 4th place in 2018.

scholarly journals Relationship between Relative Maturity and Grain Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids in Northwest New Mexico for the 2003–2019 Period

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Koffi Djaman ◽  
Curtis Owen ◽  
Margaret M. West ◽  
Samuel Allen ◽  
Komlan Koudahe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Production Optimization ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Climate Conditions

The highly variable weather under changing climate conditions affects the establishment and the cutoff of crop growing season and exposes crops to failure if producers choose non-adapted relative maturity that matches the characteristics of the crop growing season. This study aimed to determine the relationship between maize hybrid relative maturity and the grain yield and determine the relative maturity range that will sustain maize production in northwest New Mexico (NM). Different relative maturity maize hybrids were grown at the Agricultural Science Center at Farmington ((Latitude 36.69° North, Longitude 108.31° West, elevation 1720 m) from 2003 to 2019 under sprinkler irrigation. A total of 343 hybrids were grouped as early and full season hybrids according to their relative maturity that ranged from 93 to 119 and 64 hybrids with unknown relative maturity. The crops were grown under optimal management condition with no stress of any kind. The results showed non-significant increase in grain yield in early season hybrids and non-significant decrease in grain yield with relative maturity in full season hybrids. The relative maturity range of 100–110 obtained reasonable high grain yields and could be considered under the northwestern New Mexico climatic conditions. However, more research should target the evaluation of different planting date coupled with plant population density to determine the planting window for the early season and full season hybrids for the production optimization and sustainability.

scholarly journals Real-time SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic and variants tracking over multiple candidates using nanopore DNA sequencing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
François Stüder ◽  
Jean-Louis Petit ◽  
Stefan Engelen ◽  
Marco Antonio Mendoza-Parra
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Spike Gene ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Receptor Recognition ◽  
Nanopore Dna Sequencing ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

AbstractSince December 2019, a novel coronavirus responsible for a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) is accountable for a major pandemic situation. The emergence of the B.1.1.7 strain, as a highly transmissible variant has accelerated the world-wide interest in tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants’ occurrence. Similarly, other extremely infectious variants, were described and further others are expected to be discovered due to the long period of time on which the pandemic situation is lasting. All described SARS-CoV-2 variants present several mutations within the gene encoding the Spike protein, involved in host receptor recognition and entry into the cell. Hence, instead of sequencing the whole viral genome for variants’ tracking, herein we propose to focus on the SPIKE region to increase the number of candidate samples to screen at once; an essential aspect to accelerate diagnostics, but also variants’ emergence/progression surveillance. This proof of concept study accomplishes both at once, population-scale diagnostics and variants' tracking. This strategy relies on (1) the use of the portable MinION DNA sequencer; (2) a DNA barcoding and a SPIKE gene-centered variant’s tracking, increasing the number of candidates per assay; and (3) a real-time diagnostics and variant’s tracking monitoring thanks to our software RETIVAD. This strategy represents an optimal solution for addressing the current needs on SARS-CoV-2 progression surveillance, notably due to its affordable implementation, allowing its implantation even in remote places over the world.

scholarly journals A study on the numerical modelling of UHPFRC-strengthened members

2018 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 09001
Author(s):  
Renaud Franssen ◽  
Serhan Guner ◽  
Luc Courard ◽  
Boyan Mihaylov
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Concrete Members ◽  
High Durability ◽  
Tension Tests ◽  
The World ◽  
Aging Infrastructure ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Modelling Approach

The maintenance of large aging infrastructure across the world creates serious technical, environmental, and economic challenges. Ultra-high performance fibre-reinforced concretes (UHPFRC) are a new generation of materials with outstanding mechanical properties as well as very high durability due to their extremely low permeability. These properties open new horizons for the sustainable rehabilitation of aging concrete structures. Since UHPFRC is a young and evolving material, codes are still either lacking or incomplete, with recent design provisions proposed in France, Switzerland, Japan, and Australia. However, engineers and public agencies around the world need resources to study, model, and rehabilitate structures using UHPFRC. As an effort to contribute to the efficient use of this promising material, this paper presents a new numerical modelling approach for UHPFRC-strengthened concrete members. The approach is based on the Diverse Embedment Model within the global framework of the Disturbed Stress Field Model, a smeared rotating-crack formulation for 2D modelling of reinforced concrete structures. This study presents an adapted version of the DEM in order to capture the behaviour of UHPFRC by using a small number of input parameters. The model is validated with tension tests from the literature and is then used to model UHPFRC-strengthened elements. The paper will discuss the formulation of the model and will provide validation studies with various tests of beams, columns and walls from the literature. These studies will demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed modelling approach.

scholarly journals Resource-Saving Rice Cultivation with Circulated Irrigation of Treated Wastewater

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. III_93-III_101
Author(s):  
Ayumi MURAMATSU ◽  
Toru WATANABE ◽  
Atsushi SASAKI ◽  
Hiroaki ITO ◽  
Akihiko KAJIHARA
Keyword(s):  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Resource Saving
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