Effect of Depth on the Growth and Carrageenan Content of Seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii Cultivated Using Verticulture Method

Seaweed of Kappaphycus alvarezii is generally cultivated by the long line method through the water surface. The verticulture method might be an alternative method by using water column. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of depth on the growth and carrageenan content of K. alvarezii which was cultivated vertically. Cultivation was carried out in the floating raft (10 x 10 m)2 contained of 36 vertical nets. The size of each net was 5 x 2 m2 whereas the depth was 0.2, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 m. Seaweed seedlings of 50 g was each tied to the vertical nets; the distance between the knot was 20 cm. The results showed that the depth was significantly different to the daily growth rate of K. alvarezii (p<0.05) but did not affect carrageenan content (p>0.05). Therefore, this method might be applied as an alternative method to optimally increase seaweed production in narrow area without affecting seaweed quality.

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Seaweed Selection to Supply Superior Seeds for Cultivation

Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada ◽

10.22146/jfs.36109 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 79

Author(s):

Nelly Hidayanti Sarira ◽

Petrus Rani Pong-Masak

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Seed Production ◽

Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽

Daily Growth Rate ◽

Daily Growth ◽

North Sulawesi ◽

Long Line ◽

Production Cycles ◽

Selection Protocol ◽

And Control

Seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii is a pre-eminent commodity in the field of marine and fisheries Indonesia which has been widely cultivated in coastal waters. Currently, the main problem faced by the cultivators is the limited stock of seeds, both in terms of quality and quantity. Selection is one method that is expected to increase the rate of seaweed growth quickly, cheap, easy, bulk, and sustainable.This study aims to determine the effect of selection on the growth of seaweed so that it can be done superior seed production for cultivation purposes. Seaweed cultivation was done in Kulu Village, Wori District, North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi by using long line method in April-June 2015. Selection is based on the daily growth rate parameter (DGR) and the selection method refers to the selection protocol that has been developed on K. alvarezii seaweed. Results showed that DGR of selection seedlings were higher (P <0.05) compared to controls, in which DGR of selection reached 5.87%/day, while DGR of control was 1.89%/day. From three seed production cycles (G-1 - G-3), the average DGR resulted from the selection was 5.53%/day and control 2.19%/day. Carrageenan content of selection result is relatively higher (47.66%) than control (31.28%) with mean for three cycle (G-1 - G-3) that is 43.55% for selection and 33.20% for control. Water quality (temperature, salinity, nitrate, phosphate) during the study is still within the appropriate range for seaweed growth. Therefore it is concluded that with the application of the method of seaweed selection can increase the daily growth rate and carrageenan content of seaweed K. alvarezii which directly affects the increase of production both in quantity and quality.

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Studi Pertumbuhan Rumput Laut Jenis Kotoni (Eucheuma cottonii) dengan Menggunakan Metode Kurung Dasar dan Lepas Dasar di Perairan Geger, Bali

Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.24843/jmas.2017.v3.i01.47-58 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Andreas Pratama Togatorop ◽

I Gusti Ngurah Putra Dirgayusa ◽

Ni Luh Putu Ria Puspitha

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Specific Growth ◽

The Other ◽

Daily Growth Rate ◽

Daily Growth ◽

Absolute Weight ◽

Planting Methods ◽

Seaweed Production ◽

Eucheuma Cottonii

One of the factors that define the success of seaweed is the planting methods It self. It is important because the method will directly affect the seaweed production. The main problem faced by seaweed farmer is declining the production over years. There are several reasons causing that problem, including, predator, desease and environment degradation. The purpose of this research is investigating the effectiveness of two different seaweed planting methods with the respect to the seaweed growth rate. The two methods that mentioned previously are off bottom and off bottom bracket method. The two methods are basically simillar, the first method (off bottom) is a conventional method, on the other hand, the second method was given an additional nets in order to cover the off bottom construction. The space between each seaweed planting on two different methods are defined similar, which are 25 cm. The initial planting weight was measured 100 grams. Observation was done for 42 days (6 week) and data collection was performed every 7 days on total of 10 individual seaweed each treatment. Absolute weight, daily growth rate, daily growth and specific growth rate are calculated. The data analysis will be done using F test at ? = 0.05 (SPSS 12.0). The result found that the growth rate of seaweed (Eucheuma cottoni) under off bottom bracket was not significantly different compared to the off bottom method (?= 0.476).

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Pertumbuhan Rumput Laut Kappaphycus alvarezii Yang Dikultur Menggunakan Dua Jenis Tali Ris Dengan Kondisi Berbeda

e-Journal BUDIDAYA PERAIRAN ◽

10.35800/bdp.3.1.2015.6929 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Harnoto H ◽

Joppy D Mudeng ◽

Lukas L.J.J Mondoringin

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽

Daily Growth ◽

North Sulawesi ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Trial Length ◽

Long Line ◽

Two Factors ◽

Absolute Growth ◽

The Absolute

The study aimed to determine the growth of seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii cultured using different type of rope ris with different conditions. The study was conducted over 64 days, starting on September 1 to November 3, 2014 Village Jaya Karsa, North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi. The experiment was designed according to 2x3 factorial experiment in a completely randomized design (CRD). Two factors were tested, namely rope ris type and conditions. Factors ris types strap consisted of two type: Monofilament nylon and Multifilament PE. Factor conditions of ris rope consisted of three levels, namely: new, used cleaned, and the former was not cleaned, so there were 6 treatments. Experiment container was floating longlines. One unit consisted of 3 longline trial. Length per longline 28.80 m, 18 pieces of string length of rope ris 1.6 m each strap was 7 point planting, planting the overall number of points 378 points planting. K. alvarezii seaweed seedlings obtained from Jaya Karsa farmers. Weighing was done 4 times, weighing early, 1 week, 2 weeks, and at the end of week 3, using a digital scale with a precision of 1 g. Accretion weight was calculated to be the absolute growth rate (g) and daily growth rate (%). The results showed that the absolute growth and the daily growth of seaweed K. alvarezii not significantly influenced by different type and condition of the rope ris. Keywords : Kappaphycus alvarezii, long line, Multifilament PE, Monofilament nylon.

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Determination of Optimal Planting Distance between Seed Clump on Seaweed Verticulture Method

Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada ◽

10.22146/jfs.33310 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 23 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Petrus R Pong-Masak ◽

Nelly H Sarira

Keyword(s):

Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽

Seaweed Cultivation ◽

Daily Growth Rate ◽

Daily Growth ◽

Floating Raft ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Planting Distance ◽

Planting Season

Kappaphycus alvarezii cultivation by the verticulture method has been introduced since 2013. However, scientific studies on some technical aspects are still needed to improve the quality, quantity, and continuity of production and utilization of area in a maximum and productive manner. One of them is the planting distance between seed clumps. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal planting distance between seed clumps on seaweed verticulture method. Seaweed was cultured using a 10x10 m2 floating raft containing 36 vertical nets of 5x2 m2/net. Seaweed seeds with an initial weight of 50 g were tied to a vertical net with a distance between knot on the verticulture net of 15 cm, 25 cm, and 35 cm. Seaweed cultivation was done for 3 cycles (1 cycle = 45 days) continuously in the cycle of planting season. The experimental units were prepared with Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with 3 replications. The results showed that daily growth rate (DGR) and carrageenan content of seaweed planted with a distance of 15 cm, 25 cm, and 35 cm between clumps were not significantly different (P>0.05). However, it is recommended to apply 25 cm distance between seed clumps in the verticulture method.

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Peningkatan kualitas karagenan rumput laut Kappaphycus alvarezii dengan metode budidaya keranjang jaring

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia ◽

10.19027/jai.15.2.124-131 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 124 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ismail Failu ◽

Eddy Supriyono ◽

Sugeng Hari Suseno

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽

Gel Strength ◽

Daily Growth Rate ◽

Daily Growth ◽

Cultivation Method ◽

Yield Value ◽

Carrageenan Quality ◽

Seaweed Culture

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the quality of Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed carrageenan cultured using methods basket nets in waters of Baruta, Sangia, Wambulu, District of Buton, Southeast Sulawesi. The study consisted of three treatments in triplicates. Seaweed culture used different cultivation net-basket forms i.e. net-basket box, net-basket lantern, and longline without net-basket (control). Quality of K. alvarezii seaweed obtained in this study varied from each treatments. Daily growth rate in each treatment were not significantly different. Production of seaweed with a net-basket box (201.61 g/m2) was higher than the net-basket lanterns (183.22 g/m2), but not significantly different from control (196.98 g/m2). Carageenan yield value of control (46.74%) was the highest of all treatments. The water content of carrageenan in each treatment was not significantly different and it ranged from 17.20–17.39%. The viscosity of carrageenan in net-basket lantern (179.40 cPs) was the highest of all treatments. Carrageenan gel strength was the best treatment (702.53 g/cm²). As conclusion, using the net-basket lantern as cultivation method provided quality improvement of carrageenan in K. alvarezii seaweed. Keywords: Kappaphycus alvarezii, cultivation methods, carrageenan quality ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kualitas karagenan rumput laut Kappaphycus alvarezii yang dibudidaya menggunakan metode keranjang jaring di perairan Baruta, Kecamatan Sangia, Wambulu, Kabupaten Buton Sulawesi Tenggara. Penelitian terdiri atas tiga pelakuan dan tiga ulangan. Pemeliharaan rumput laut dilakukan dengan metode keranjang jaring berbeda yaitu metode keranjang jaring kotak, keranjang jaring lampion, dan longline tanpa menggunakan keranjang jaring (kontrol). Hasil pengamatan kualitas rumput laut K. alvarezii dalam penelitian ini bervariasi dari setiap perlakuan yang diberikan. Laju pertumbuhan harian pada setiap perlakuan tidak berbeda nyata. Produksi rumput laut dengan metode keranjang jaring kotak (201,61 g/m2) lebih tinggi dibandingkan jaring lampion (183,22 g/m2), namun tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontrol (196,98 g/m2). Nilai rendemen karagenan kontrol (46,74%) lebih tinggi dari perlakuan lainnya. Kadar air karagenan pada setiap perlakuan tidak berbeda nyata yaitu berkisar 17,20–17,39%. Viskositas karagenan perlakuan metode keranjang jaring lampion (179,40 cPs) lebih tinggi dibandigkan perlakuan lainnya. Kekuatan gel karagenan perlakuan metode keranjang jaring lampion (702,53 g/cm²) lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode keranjang jaring lampion memberikan peningkatkan kualitas karagenan rumput laut K. alvarezii yang dibudidayakan. Kata kunci: Kappaphycus alvarezii, metode budidaya, kualitas karagenan

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SUBSTITUSI FERMENTASI BUNGKIL KELAPA SAWIT DALAM PAKAN BUATAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP BENIH IKAN GURAMI (OSPHRONEMUS GOURAMY)

Jurnal Ruaya Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Ilmu Perikanan dan Kelautan ◽

10.29406/rya.v4i1.686 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Farida . ◽

Eka Indah Raharjo ◽

Arnis Maylinda Sari

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Specific Weight ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Daily Growth Rate ◽

Daily Growth ◽

Average Growth ◽

Fermentation Residue ◽

Average Average

ABSTRAKPenelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan fermentasi bungkil kelapa sawit dalam pakan buatan.Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan 3 ulangan.Susunan perlakuan adalah Perlakuan A : bungkil kelapa sawit 12%, Perlakuan B : fermentasi bungkil kelapa sawit 15%, Perlakuan C : fermentasi bungkil kelapa sawit 18%, Perlakuan D : fermentasi bungkil kelapa sawit 21%. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 60 hari untuk mengetahui laju pertumbuhan spesifikberat, laju pertumbuhan harianpanjang, konversi pakan, kelangsungan hidup dan kualitas air sebagai penunjang.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian pakan buatan dengan fermentasi bungkil kelapa sawit menghasilkan respon yang baik terhadap pertumbuhan ikan gurami. Pemberian pakan buatan dengan fermentasi bungkil kelapa sawit 18% (perlakuan C), memberikan hasil terbaik dengan laju pertumbuhan dengan rata – rata laju pertumbuhan spesifik berat 1.502%, laju pertumbuhan harian panjang 4.06%, nilai konversi pakan rata – rata 3.48 dan kelangsungan hidup rata – rata 90%.Kata Kunci : Fermentasi Bungkil Kelapa Sawit, Ikan Gurami, Laju PertumbuhanThe study aims to determine the use of fermentation residue oil palm in artificial feed .Research using a completely randomized design ( CRD ), which consists of 4 treatment three replications.The composition of the treatment is the treatment A : 12 % of palm oil cake , Treatment B : fermented palm oil cake 15 % , Treatment C : fermented palm oil cake 18 % , Treatment D : fermentation residue palm oil 21 %.This research was conducted for 60 days to determine the specific growth rate of heavy , long daily growth rate , feed conversion , survival and quality of water as a supporter.The results showed the artificial feeding with fermented palm cake to produce a good response to the growth of carp.Feeding artificially by fermentation cake palm oil 18 % ( treatment C ) , gives the best results with a growth rate with the average - average growth rate of the specific weight of 1.502 % daily growth rate long- 4:06 % , the value of feed conversion average - average 3:48 and median survival - average of 90 % .Keywords : Fermentation Palm Kernel Oil, Fish carp, Growth Rate

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Public Compliance With Social Distancing Measures and SARS-CoV-2 Spread

Public Health Reports ◽

10.1177/00333549211011254 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 003335492110112

Author(s):

Hongjie Liu ◽

Chang Chen ◽

Raul Cruz-Cano ◽

Jennifer L. Guida ◽

Minha Lee

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Reproduction Number ◽

Early Stage ◽

Human Mobility ◽

The United States ◽

Density Change ◽

Regression Coefficients ◽

Daily Growth Rate ◽

Daily Growth ◽

Social Distancing

Objective We quantified the association between public compliance with social distancing measures and the spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the first wave of the epidemic (March–May 2020) in 5 states that accounted for half of the total number of COVID-19 cases in the United States. Methods We used data on mobility and number of COVID-19 cases to longitudinally estimate associations between public compliance, as measured by human mobility, and the daily reproduction number and daily growth rate during the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in California, Illinois, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and New York. Results The 5 states mandated social distancing directives during March 19-24, 2020, and public compliance with mandates started to decrease in mid-April 2020. As of May 31, 2020, the daily reproduction number decreased from 2.41-5.21 to 0.72-1.19, and the daily growth rate decreased from 0.22-0.77 to –0.04 to 0.05 in the 5 states. The level of public compliance, as measured by the social distancing index (SDI) and daily encounter-density change, was high at the early stage of implementation but decreased in the 5 states. The SDI was negatively associated with the daily reproduction number (regression coefficients range, –0.04 to –0.01) and the daily growth rate (from –0.009 to –0.01). The daily encounter-density change was positively associated with the daily reproduction number (regression coefficients range, 0.24 to 1.02) and the daily growth rate (from 0.05 to 0.26). Conclusions Social distancing is an effective strategy to reduce the incidence of COVID-19 and illustrates the role of public compliance with social distancing measures to achieve public health benefits.

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A 23.7-year long daily growth rate record of a modern giant clam shell from South China Sea and its potential in high-resolution paleoclimate reconstruction

Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology ◽

10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110682 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 583 ◽

pp. 110682

Author(s):

Nanyu Zhao ◽

Hong Yan ◽

Yuanjian Yang ◽

Chengcheng Liu ◽

Xiaolin Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

High Resolution ◽

South China Sea ◽

South China ◽

Giant Clam ◽

Daily Growth Rate ◽

Daily Growth ◽

Paleoclimate Reconstruction ◽

Clam Shell ◽

China Sea

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Pengaruh Nitrat (NO3) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Alami Eceng Gondok (Eichornia crassipes Solms.) Berdasarkan Biomassa Basah Di Danau Batur, Kintamani, Bali

Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.24843/jmas.2017.v3.i02.215-222 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 215

Author(s):

Lisa Rosalia Prayuda ◽

I Wayan Arthana ◽

Ayu Putu Wiweka Krisna Dewi

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Water Hyacinth ◽

High Fertility ◽

Natural Growth ◽

Initial Weight ◽

Daily Growth Rate ◽

Daily Growth ◽

Natural Lakes ◽

High Fertility Rate ◽

Eichornia Crassipes

Batur Lake is one of the natural lakes in the province of Bali where the activity of fishing, agriculture, tourism and housing available. This study aims to determine the effect of nitrate relation to the natural growth of the water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes). Increased water hyacinth biomass in Songan station is the highest among the three other stations (Batur, Buahan, and Trunyan). At the end of the study (day 42 ), water hyacinth biomass of Songan station increased by 338.2 % from the initial weight, while at another station the increase weight ranges from 75 % -158 %. The highest daily growth rate in Trunyan station 3.68% / day, and the lowest in station Buahan which only reached 0.88% / day. At the Songan station where are many floating net which contribute to increase nitrate. There is a tendency of growth of water hyacinth faster at higher nitrate conditions. Nitrate conditions ranged from 0,35 to 0,62 m /l which shows that the waters of Batur Lake classified into waters that have a high fertility rate (eutrophic).

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UTILIZATION OF MARINE FUNGAL Nodulisporium sp. KT29 METABOLITES TO IMPROVE THE PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF MARINE CULTURE OF WHITE SHRIMP

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis ◽

10.28930/jitkt.v8i2.15839 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 747

Author(s):

Fazril Saputra ◽

Dinamella Wahjuningrum ◽

Kustiariyah Tarman ◽

Irzal Effendi

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Production Performance ◽

White Shrimp ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Daily Growth Rate ◽

Daily Growth ◽

Marine Culture

This study aimed to determine the best dose of administration of marine fungal Nodulisporium sp. KT29 metabolites to improve the production performance of marine culture of white shrimp. The experimental animals used were white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei post larvae 12, which were reared in the sea using floating net cages with a stocking density of 700 post larvae/net. Experimental design used was a completely randomized design consisting of 3 treatments with 3 replications; control without the administration of Nodulisporium sp. KT29 metabolites, dietary of feed containing Nodulisporium sp. KT29 metabolites at doses of 20 mL/kg of feed and 40 mL/kg of feed. The results showed that survival rate, absolute length growth, weight gain, daily growth rate and feed conversion ratio in treatment groups were better than the control (P<0.05). The administration of marine fungal Nodulisporium sp. KT29 metabolites at a dose of 20 mL/kg of feed could improve the production performance of white shrimp cultivated in the sea with survival rate, daily growth rate and feed conversion ratio: 66.61±6.94%, 20.18±0.39 %/day and 3.20±0.22, respectively.

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