scholarly journals Innovative pneumatic device for combined seeding of various tilled crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 08016
Author(s):  
Yuri Lachuga ◽  
Badri Akhalaya ◽  
Yuri Shogenov ◽  
Besarion Meskhi ◽  
Dmitry Rudoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pressure ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Excess Air ◽  
Pneumatic Device

For sowing seeds of agricultural crops, the industry produces seeding devices of various modifications, these include seeding devices of pneumatic seeders, operating both on excess air pressure and on vacuum. The design we have developed belongs to the second group. The purpose of current work is to create a pneumatic sowing device operating in a vacuum, capable of sowing seeds of row crops and forage crops in a combined and nesting way in compliance with established seeding patterns and rates.

PERENNIALS AND ANNUALS FOR WINTER FODDER PRODUCTION IN THE DRIER PORTIONS OF THE CANADIAN PRAIRIES

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 1081-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. KILCHER
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Perennial Crops ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
Fodder Production

Small grain cereals such as oats or wheat, when grown on fallowed land, provided fodder yields as high as or higher than those obtained from perennial forage containing alfalfa. However, on a land base comparison, yields of perennial crops were about double those of cereal grains. A 3-yr rotation using annuals in a crop–crop–fallow sequence improved the yield relationship over a crop–fallow rotation only marginally in this semiarid region. Yields of corn or sunflower row crops in rotations with fallow, or with cereals and fallow, were highly variable. Crude protein yields of the perennial forage crops on a given land base were about threefold those from annual crops.

Benefits and barriers to perennial forage crops in Iowa corn and soybean rotations

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Olmstead ◽  
E. Charles Brummer
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Land Grant Universities ◽  
Ecological Benefits ◽  
Row Crops

AbstractThe transition away from forage-based cropping systems in Iowa to corn and soybean rotations since World War II has corresponded with degraded economic and environmental conditions in the state. Falling net incomes for farmers and concern over global warming and the effects of agriculture-related pollution on water, wildlife and human health have increased interest in diversified cropping systems. This paper reviews the benefits of diversifying Iowa corn and soybean rotations with perennial forage species such as alfalfa and red clover. Perennial forage crops improve soil quality, decrease NO3-N leaching and soil erosion, increase carbon sequestration and decrease pesticide and herbicide needs by controlling weed and insect pests. Forage legumes reduce N fertilizer needs for succeeding corn crops at a higher rate than soybeans, and corn crops following forages have higher yields than after corn or soybeans. Farmers who add alfalfa to corn and soybean rotations could realize significant economic gains. A simulated 5-year rotation in Iowa including corn–soybeans–oats/alfalfa–alfalfa–alfalfa would result in a 24% net income increase over 5 years of corn–soybean–corn–soybean–corn, even with government farm support payments for the row crops. Farm policies that encourage commodity production create little incentive for Iowa farmers to diversify their cropping systems beyond corn and soybeans, despite the clear economic and ecological benefits. We recommend increasing federal support for conservation programs that reward environmentally beneficial farm practices such as the Conservation Securities Program and we encourage land grant universities to hire researchers interested in alternative agricultural systems.

scholarly journals Experimental research in automobile non-pneumatic tire force heterogeneity

2018 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 02019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Mazur
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Tire Force ◽  
Excess Air

Simplicity and high efficiency of a wheeled mover as a mechanism for converting rotational motion into a translatory one have conditioned its wide application in overland machines including motor vehicles. However a wheel with a non-pneumatic tyre (NPT) has a sufficient drawback lying in termination of a wheeled machine movement at the excess air pressure loss. Moreover, the loss of excess air pressure in a pneumatic tyre of traditional design at high speed of movement of a motor vehicle can lead to a traffic accident with heavy consequences. The stop of a motor vehicle to change a wheel on a heavy traffic roadway or roadside also poses a threat. These reasons determine the necessity of both well-known design improvements and search for the new wheeled mover design solutions to enhance a motor vehicle safety, the use of wheels with non-pneumatic tyres of elastic polymeric materials being one of them. Safety enhancement by means of non-pneumatic tyre use along with keeping the high performance of wheeled machine operational properties, is an important scientific and technical task that determines the research urgency.

THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS: 19. Asclepias syriaca L.

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
PRASANTA C. BHOWMIK ◽  
JOHN D. BANDEEN
Keyword(s):  
River Basins ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Asclepias Syriaca ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Great Abundance ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Common Milkweed Asclepias Syriaca

This summary of biological data is for common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.), as a weed in Canada, particularly in eastern Canada. Weedy populations of this perennial occur in great abundance in southern Ontario and Quebec. It belongs to association of plants of roadsides, waste lands and river basins. Recently, this weed has spread into cultivated lands, especially cereals, row crops and forage crops.

INFLUENCE OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS ON WEEDING AND YIELD OF FORAGE CROPS IN THE CONDITIONS OF TILLAGE MINIMIZATION

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institution ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Green Mass

Intensive development of livestock industry requires improving its feed base. Unconventional fodder crops can help agricultural producers get high yields of good quality. The aim of the research was to study the elements of cultivating soy, amaranth and buckwheat in conditions of minimizing tillage when using biological products Baikal Em-1 and Humate potassium. The work was carried out on sod-podzolic medium loamy gleyous soil in the experimental field of the Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education Yaroslavl State Agricultural Academy in 2019. The studied indicators were determined by generally accepted methods. When cultivating spring cereals, a significant decrease in the dry weight of weeds was noted by 3.15-7.67 g / m2. On average, according to some factors, the use of a surface tillage system caused a statistically significant increase in the number of young weeds by 1.3 pcs / m2. In the same treatment variant, an increase in the dry mass of young weeds by 3.34 g / m2 and perennials by 4.07 g / m2 was observed. A significant decrease in the length of vegetative organs in the layer of 0-10 cm by 15.44 cm and dry mass in the lower part of the arable horizon by 1.37 g / m2 was noted in row crops. On average, for primary tillage systems and biological products, buckwheat cultivation contributes to a significant increase in green mass productivity by 31.7 kg / ha. A significant increase in the yield of feed units was observed when cultivating amaranth and buckwheat by 9.9 and 14.9 kg / ha. On average, according to some factors, the use of the surface treatment system led to a statistically significant decrease in yield of both green mass andfeed units by 9.1 and 2.5 kg / ha, respectively. The greatest efficiency was shown by growing buckwheat for fodder purposes in the case of a heap processing system using Baikal Em-1 biological product.

INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS TYPES OF ORGANIC WASTE OF AGROINDUSTRIAL COMPLEX ON PRODUCTIVITY OF ROW CROPS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE NIZHNY NOVGOROD REGION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.V. Mikhalev ◽  
◽  
D.D Khilov
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Fresh Litter ◽  
Agroindustrial Complex ◽  
Complex Compost ◽  
High Level

The introduction of unprocessed organic waste into the soil leads to the accumulation of nutrition elements for their subsequent assimilation by plants in the land-use system from the organomineral complexes of the soil, which will significantly increase the yield of agricultural crops. However, for 2- 3 years with constant introduction of "raw" manure, soil degradation occurs. So, with the constant introduction of "fresh" litter will be the oppression of cultivated plants by "osmosis" and the subsequent destruction of their root rot due to its high content of raw litter of pathogenic organisms and high level of Pro-infectious potential, which reduces fungistasis soil, leading to lower yields. The cardinal way out of this situation is to add composted manure to the soil. In addition to increasing the content of organic matter in the soil, including humus. Due to this, there is a decrease in osmosis and phytopathogenic load. The biological activity of the soil when composting will be slightly lower than when applying " raw " manure. However, due to this fact, in the following years, when using complex compost, the soil will contain more organic matter compared to the control. In addition," full "composting reduces "osmosis", kills weed seeds and destroys potentially dangerous pathogens of agricultural crops. Based on the above, it can be assumed that the introduction of new organic fertilizers should have a multi-sided effect on the agronomic properties of the soil, which in the end, with the correct use of complex compost, dramatically increases the yield of crops, including cereals.

Ignition and combustion of brewery’s spent grain at conditions of excess air pressure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Yu. Kadchik ◽  
Askar K. Asilbekov ◽  
Konstantin V. Slyusarskiy
Keyword(s):  
Air Pressure ◽  
Excess Air ◽  
Spent Grain ◽  
Brewery's Spent Grain ◽  
Ignition And Combustion

Fungi Associated with Major Agricultural and Forage Crops in Integrated Systems of Brazilian Tropical Regions

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Anne Caroline Dallabrida Avelino ◽  
Dayana Aparecida de Faria ◽  
Lucas Dias de Oliveira ◽  
Yuri Nunes Cervo ◽  
Alexandre Secco Contreras Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Integrated Systems ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Integrated Production ◽  
Fusarium Sp

Integrated production systems were developed to preserve productive resources and maintain the profitability of agribusiness. However, the use of seeds of low physiological and sanitary quality and the implantation of agricultural and forage crops in production fields of low sanitary quality may favor the dissemination and proliferation of phytopathogens such as fungi. Therefore, using the scientific literature, this work aimed to identify the fungi associated with the main agricultural and forage crops that cause damage to the integrated production systems of Brazilian tropical regions and their control measures. This work was based on a literature review in the Scielo, Scopus and Google Scholar databases, with data obtained between 1999 and 2019. The keywords employed were “fungus”, “tropical grass”; “agricultural crops”; “ICLS” (Integrated Crop-Livestock); and “ICLF” (Crop-Livestock-Forest) and their respective terms in Portuguese, under different combinations. For the inclusion criteria, publications (papers, books, theses, dissertations, and scientific communiqués) from 1999 to 2019 which fit the study aim were selected, both in the Portuguese and English languages. The publications that did not meet the criteria of this study and were repeated in databases were considered as exclusion criteria. The main fungi associated with forage and agricultural crops and soils of integrated systems of Brazilian tropical regions are Bipolaris sp., Curvularia sp., Exserohilum syn. Helminthosporium sp., Phoma sp., Fusarium sp., Macrophomina sp., Pythium sp., Rhizoctonia sp. and Sclerotium sp. The main methods of fungal control are the use of quality seeds, crop rotation, resistant cultivars, and chemical seed treatment.

COMPARATIVE Cs-137 CONTENT OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS GROWN IN A CONTAMINATED SOIL

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Evans ◽  
A. J. Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Edible Portion ◽  
Loam Soil

Cereal, forage and vegetable crops grown in a loam soil in a greenhouse experiment varied in the relative concentration and uptake of Cs-137 but took up only a small percentage of the Cs-137 dose applied. The proportion of added dose taken up by sugar beet tops, the highest of any crop investigated, was only 0.13%.The Cs-137 concentrations found in vegetable crops were generally higher than those of forage crops, which in turn were generally higher than those found for cereals. On the other hand, the edible portion of most crops grown had lower Cs-137 concentrations than did the nonedible portion. The Cs-137/K ratios were not constant, and only in cereal crops was there a significant correlation between Cs-137 and K concentrations. Thus, the relation between Cs-137 and K was not as close as that usually found between Sr-90 and Ca.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of the use of productive land in agriculture of the Voronezh region

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-406
Author(s):  
P. V. Demidov ◽  
A. V. Ulezko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Productive Land

The article examines the structure of the agricultural sector of the Voronezh region and changes in the size of land use of farms of different categories based on the results of the all-Russian agricultural censuses of 2006 and 2016.the significant differences between the data of the Federal registration service and the data obtained from the all-Russian agricultural censuses, in size and structure of agricultural lands related to agricultural lands are Revealed. The problem of limited information on the distribution and use of agricultural land and its reliability is noted. The differentiation of the Voronezh region districts by the size of the acreage and their contribution to the production of certain types of crop production, the dynamics of production of the main types of crop production in the region, the change in the structure of production of certain types of products by categories of farms. It is concluded that the fundamental changes in the sectoral structure, accompanied by the removal of crop rotations of forage crops, including annual and perennial grasses, led to a violation of the science-based system of agriculture and significantly limited the possibility of its biologization. Estimated evolution of yields of basic agricultural crops in the Voronezh region, changes which were provided with a comprehensive exposure to a wide range of factors, including the growth of seed quality, increasing doses of mineral fertilizers, the use of new plant protection products, development of new technologies of cultivation of agricultural crops, optimization of the timing of major manufacturing operations. Changes in the volume of direct investment in fixed capital of agriculture are studied. The trends identified in the study of the effectiveness of the use of productive land involved in the process of agricultural production are formulated.

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