scholarly journals The effectiveness of the use of productive land in agriculture of the Voronezh region

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-406
Author(s):  
P. V. Demidov ◽  
A. V. Ulezko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Productive Land

The article examines the structure of the agricultural sector of the Voronezh region and changes in the size of land use of farms of different categories based on the results of the all-Russian agricultural censuses of 2006 and 2016.the significant differences between the data of the Federal registration service and the data obtained from the all-Russian agricultural censuses, in size and structure of agricultural lands related to agricultural lands are Revealed. The problem of limited information on the distribution and use of agricultural land and its reliability is noted. The differentiation of the Voronezh region districts by the size of the acreage and their contribution to the production of certain types of crop production, the dynamics of production of the main types of crop production in the region, the change in the structure of production of certain types of products by categories of farms. It is concluded that the fundamental changes in the sectoral structure, accompanied by the removal of crop rotations of forage crops, including annual and perennial grasses, led to a violation of the science-based system of agriculture and significantly limited the possibility of its biologization. Estimated evolution of yields of basic agricultural crops in the Voronezh region, changes which were provided with a comprehensive exposure to a wide range of factors, including the growth of seed quality, increasing doses of mineral fertilizers, the use of new plant protection products, development of new technologies of cultivation of agricultural crops, optimization of the timing of major manufacturing operations. Changes in the volume of direct investment in fixed capital of agriculture are studied. The trends identified in the study of the effectiveness of the use of productive land involved in the process of agricultural production are formulated.

scholarly journals Quality of Pea Seeds and Agroecological Condition of Soil When Using Structured Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Victor Mazur ◽  
Oleksandr Tkachuk ◽  
Hanna Pantsyreva ◽  
Olga Demchuk
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
Pea Seeds ◽  
Hydrolytic Acidity

The widespread use of water in crop production and agriculture is due to a significant increase in yields during the watering of agricultural crops, as well as the transfer of pesticides and mineral fertilizers to plants and soil by water. One of the ways to improve the quality of water used in crop production is to structure it. An urgent task is to study the effect of structured water delivered to agricultural crops by watering or spraying on the yield, quality of the resulting products and agroecological condition of the soil. Field studies on pea crops were conducted at experimental sites of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, laboratory studies were conducted in accredited laboratories for monitoring the quality, safety of feed and raw materials of the Institute of Feed Research and Agriculture of Podillya of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine and the testing centre of the Vinnytsia branch of the state institution “Institute of Soil Protection of Ukraine”. When watering peas with structured water, its yield increases by 42.3% compared to the version without water application and by 22.3% compared to the version with watering with plain water. Pea seeds when watered with structured water have a lower content of crude protein by 0.43 %, crude fat – by 0.09%, crude ash – by 0.63%, but a higher content of crude fibre by 0.11% and nitrogen-free extractives – by 0.99% compared to the version without water. The content of humus in the soil, when watered with structured water, was lower than in the version without water by 0.04%, lightly hydrolysed nitrogen – by 8.0%, mobile phosphorus – by 20.0%, exchangeable potassium – by 7.9%, the reaction of the soil solution – by 0.2 pH, hydrolytic acidity – by 21.7%, the concentration of mobile lead – by 18.4%. However, the concentration of mobile cadmium increased by 43.8% and soil moisture – by 4.3%. When comparing the indicators of the agroecological state of the soil, which was watered with structured and plain water, it was found that watering with structured water reduces the content of humus by 0.03%, lightly hydrolysed nitrogen – by 2.3%, mobile phosphorus – by 20%, exchange potassium – by 9.7%, hydrolytic acidity – by 7.7%, the reaction of the soil solution – by 0.3 pH, but increases the content of mobile lead by 10.9%, mobile cadmium – by 25.0% and increases the moisture content in the soil – by 2.7%

scholarly journals Mites (Acari) important in different agroecosystems and their control in Romania*

Zoosymposia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
IOAN ROSCA ◽  
MINODORA GUTUE ◽  
CATALIN GUTUE
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Polyphagotarsonemus Latus ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Broad Mite

Mite problems in different agroecosystems in Romania are presented. Of all phytophagousmites known in the country, four species are found on a wide range of crops, with the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, and the broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks), being the most important. The broad mite is difficult to control, but acaricides registered in Romania have provided effective control of this species. Reduction of highly toxic pesticide residues in the environment has been considered important in the country. That could be approached by first reducing the amount of pesticides applied on agricultural land, and second, by finding new pesticides with less toxic active ingredients. This has resulted in reduced numbers of the main groups of pesticides, commercial products and number of active substances. The number of available commercial products varied from12 in 1972–1979 to five in 1980–1989, ten in 1990–1996, four in 1997–2004 and six in 2010, based on five active ingredients. The causes of the decreasing numbers of acaricide products or active ingredients were the reduced availability of several active ingredients due to toxicological or environmental reasons and the high registration cost. Only three acaricides (Envidor 240 SC, Nissorun 10WP and Omite 570 EC) and one insecticide/acaricide (Seizer 10 EC) are at present commonly used in Romanian agriculture.At the same time, from the economic point of view, biological control is impractical if not impossible to be applied in commercial crop production under Romanian economical conditions of farmers in absence of subsidies. EU and Romanian policies are discussed.

Cutivation of grasses as the basis for arable farming biologization and forage production optimization under various conditions of the south of Central Siberia

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
В.Ф. Кадоркина ◽  
М.С. Шевцова
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Optimization ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Land Restoration ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
Wide Range

На примере трёх агроэкологических районов Хакасии показано влияние почвенно-климатических и ландшафтных особенностей территории на структуру растениеводства и развитие животноводства. Основные посевные площади в республике занимают зерновые и кормовые культуры. За период 2000–2019 годов относительно 1990 года произошло уменьшение посевных площадей по республике в 2,6 раза, по агроэкологическим районам — соответственно в 2,3; 2,3 и 1,6 раза. Доля кормовых культур в структуре посевов по Хакасии за 2000–2019 годы составляет 51,9%, в сухостепном — 79,5%, степном и лесостепном районах — 48,3 и 48,5%. Показатели плодородия почвы по содержанию гумуса показывают, что в республике в целом почвы пашни содержат 4,7% гумуса, наименьшее содержание — в сухостепном районе (3,5%). В настоящее время 84,6% пахотных земель характеризуются низкой и средней обеспеченностью подвижным фосфором. Поэтому переход земледелия на биологическую основу предусматривает восстановление деградированных агроландшафтов и сохранение плодородных свойств почв за счёт широкого внедрения травосеяния. Среди кормовых культур за период 2000–2019 годов на однолетние травы приходится по республике 27,6% и по районам — 18,0, 29,8, 36,3%; на многолетние травы — соответственно 63,1, 82,0, 52,5, 56,3%. В республике в 2019 году естественные сенокосы составили 160,4 тыс. га (8,3%), пастбища — 1019,8 тыс. га (53,3%). Их состояние требует проведения комплекса мероприятий, включающих использование технологий поверхностного и коренного улучшения. Для увеличения посевов трав необходимо существенное улучшение состояния семеноводства. Для повышения эффективности семеноводства однолетних и многолетних трав в республике необходим комплекс мер по совершенствованию форм его организации и специализации для создания единой системы размножения, начиная с питомника первичного семеноводства суперэлитных, элитных и репродукционных семян. The effect of the environment of three districts in Khakassia was tested on crop production and animal husbandry. Most farm lands are occupied by grain and forage crops in the Republic of Khakassia. In comparison to 1990 farm land area decreased by 2.6 times there for 2000–2019 as well as by 2.3, 2.3 and 1.6 times — in the districts studied, respectively. Forage crop proportion amounted to 51.9% for 2000–2019, in the dry steppe — 79.5%, steppe and forest steppe — 48.3 and 48.5%. Farm lands contained 4.7% of humus, the lowest concentration being in the dry steppe (3.5%). Currently 84.6% of farm lands show average to low content of soluble phosphorus. Biologization of arable farming will be focused on land restoration and maintaining soil fertility via the introduction of wide range of grasses. The proportion of annual forage grasses totally amounted to 27,6% for 2000–2019, in the districts — 18.0, 29.8, and 36.3%; perennial grasses — 63.1, 82.0, 52.5, 56.3%, respectively. In 2019 the acreage of natural haylands amounted to 160.4 thousand ha (8.3%), pastures — 1019.8 thousand ha (53.3%). The poor condition of farm lands requires the complex of effective tillage techniques. To increase the area of grass cultivation improved seed production is needed. Optimization of seed production includes the development of a unified reproduction technology starting from a nursery of primary seed growing.

scholarly journals Dynamics of agricultural land and the risk to food insecurity in the Niayes region of Diamniadio, West Senegal

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateugue Diack ◽  
Macoumba Loum ◽  
Abdoulaye Guisse ◽  
Mamadou B. Sane
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research

Food security is a serious challenge facing West African countries because most croplands are being degraded. Consequently, agricultural production is being exceeded by rapid population growth. This study relates the dynamics of agricultural lands to the level of capacity building for resilience in response to low productivity and hence to food insecurity in the Niayes region, Senegal, where lands are presumably suitable for crop production. Factors influencing changes in surface areas, soil quality and level of resilience were examined using quantitative and qualitative research methods. Findings showed strong relationships between a significant decrease (65.25% – 35.54%) in productive agricultural lands with a range of soil physical and chemical properties (clay to loamy soil texture; soil pH: 7.0–8.0; soil organic carbon [SOC]: 5.0 g kg−1 – 25.0 g kg−1; effective cations exchangeable capacity [ECEC]: 4.5 Cmol kg−1 – 39.0 Cmol kg−1; cation exchange capacity [CEC]: 8.0 Cmol kg−1 – 34.0 Cmol kg−1) and food insecurity levels. In the last 5 years, urbanisation and industrialisation processes have reduced the farmlands by about 26.51% through uncontrolled construction of buildings and companies, leading to a disappearance of lands. Such dynamics raises the issue of a risk to food security in a region that usually provides more than 70% of fruits and vegetables demand for consumption. These results underline a need for a greater understanding of resilience for a better management design with a risk prevention plan to ensure food security.

scholarly journals The agricultural crops production profitability in modern conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 13008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirill Zhichkin ◽  
Vladimir Nosov ◽  
Lyudmila Zhichkina ◽  
Vyacheslav Zhenzhebir ◽  
Svetlana Rubtsova
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
Real Picture ◽  
Favorable Conditions

The article discusses the issues of determining the crop production profitability, which may arise when assessing agricultural land in the Samara region. When evaluating profitability, it is necessary to take into account revenue, cost of production. Moreover, taking into account factors for a short-term period (1 year) does not give a real picture, so in the context of counter-sanctions, when agricultural producers are in favorable conditions, an increased value of profitability is noted, which is impossible in the longterm.

scholarly journals Impacts of flood on Char livelihoods and its adaptation techniques by the local people

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Sirajul Islam ◽  
Md Solaiman ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
TR Tusher ◽  
MH Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Support ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
High Magnitude ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations

The study showed that most of the farmers (81.81%) in char area of flood lands were affected by flood as their crops were washed away by flood water as agricultural lands (59%) were inundated in a high magnitude flood. During flood, almost 88.89% farmers pass their days having no alternative occupation, and cannot afford to meet basic needs of their family as most of the Char lands were inundated for about two or three months, resulting in no crop production during that period. People reside in roads, schools and even on the top of the roof as there was no flood shelter in the study area. Besides these, rehabilitation programs were also not sufficient. It is also revealed that siltation over agricultural land reduces its fertility and productivity. To cope with this problem, people of Char land formulated and undertaken various adaptation techniques in their own way which varies depending on their socio-economic and environmental aspects, such as education, income, occupations and living conditions, as there was no organizational support. Finally, the study recommended that the policy makers and implementers along with non-governmental organizations should take their own responsibilities focusing the devastating situation of the previous flood in the study area. Also, the farmers should grow the flood tolerant varieties of crops in the area to mitigate loss of production and to lead a sustainable life.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 28(2): 123-135, Dec-2015

scholarly journals PHYSIOLOGICAL-BIOCHEMICAL AND VETERINARY AND SANITARY EVALUATION OF MILK AND BEEF UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF TECHNOGENIC LOADING AND FEEDING OF FEED ADDITIVES

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
V. O. Velychko
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wide Range

In recent decades, due to various circumstances, in Ukraine and around the world, insufficient attention is paid to preserving the ecological well-being of the environment. Man-caused load on the environment, including contamination of agricultural land with various xenobiotics, in particular heavy metals, in some regions exceeds acceptable levels. Their toxicity is realized slowly and is manifested by immunodeficiency of animals, and can also cause mutagenic, teratogenic and embryotoxic effects. This is observed not only as a result of the Chernobyl tragedy, but also the growing, unregulated use of mineral fertilizers, plant protection products, virtually no disposal of waste of various origins, as well as emissions from industrial, chemical and mining enterprises, vehicles, which poses a growing threat to health. animals and humans. Numerous researchers (in particular Kravtsiv, 2005, Fedoruk & Humenyuk, 1999, Pylypiv & Fedoruk, 2000, Rivis et al., 1995, Velychko, 2007) point out that a significant part of this belongs to the anthropogenic entry of heavy metals into the biosphere. Given the wide range of biological and toxic effects of xenobiotics in general, and heavy metals in particular, it should be noted that they cause not only problems in animal welfare, but also negatively affect the quality of products made from animals kept and raised in man-made contaminated areas. And hence the health of people, maintaining their ability to work, which is a national priority. It should be borne in mind that the ability to accumulate chemical, toxic elements by organisms is determined not only by the geochemistry of the environment, but also by the biological nature and biochemical chain through which organisms and the environment (soil-plant-animal- human). Therefore, it is especially important for animal husbandry to improve the feeding rations of animals kept under man-made load with the use of safe sorbents and biologically active additives, which will contribute to obtaining quality raw materials and quality food, including dairy and meat. This confirms that a particularly important task of science, including biological and veterinary in the field of environmental physiology is a comprehensive study of the harmful effects of anthropogenic and man-made factors on environmental objects, especially farm animals, which provide raw materials to the processing industry and human food. Particular attention needs to be paid to the development of effective measures to reduce the negative man-made pressure on bio-cenosis, including on productive animals kept in conditions of ecological, technogenic risk, optimization of physiological and technological parameters of their existence with application in feeding, effective, payback, correcting feed additives and biologically active substances that, undoubtedly, will promote improvement of quality and safety of production, which is used in human nutrition.

scholarly journals Distribution of agricultural lands and land ownership in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-975
Author(s):  
Ivan Ryazantsev ◽  
Anna Ivolga
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Land Distribution ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Productive Land

Among the countries of the world, Russia is one of the richest in agricultural land. However, a quantitative advantage is poorly transformed into a qualitative one. As a result, there has been a gradual decrease in productive land, a decline in crop yields, the use of highly productive lands as less valuable land categories, and land degradation. These negative processes cause severe damage to both the agricultural sector and the country's economy as a whole. One of the reasons for such drawbacks is the underdevelopment of land use processes and forms of land ownership, which discourage land productivity growth and rational use of agricultural lands. In this paper, the authors analyze the most critical challenges in the sphere of agricultural land distribution in Russia and suggest ways to improve the efficiency of land ownership and land use patterns.

The feed base formation of an agricultural enterprise with using of digital technologies

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
N. Novikov ◽  
D. Blagov ◽  
V. Nikitin ◽  
S. Mitrofanov ◽  
N. Panfyorov
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Interconnected System ◽  
Soil Humus ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Livestock Products

The issues of planning the feed base of an agricultural enterprise, taking into account the productivity of the livestock sector have been considered in the paper. The developed program is a single interconnected system with two blocks of tasks: animal husbandry and crop production. This connection allows us to make multivariate calculations that ensure the most rational use of acreage and material resources on the basis of an integrated approach to the design of the feed base, taking into account natural, organizational, economic and technological factors. Based on the example of the agricultural enterprise in the Ryazan region that specializes in the production of dairy and crop products, a calculation for planning the output of livestock products has been made, taking into account the necessary land resources to provide high-quality animal feed. Based on the annual structure of the ration, taking into account the summer and winter stall housing, the need for acreage for forage crops grown by the farm has been determined, which amounted to 582 ha. The planned productivity of dairy cattle was equal to 5000 kg per lactation. At the subsequent stages the need for organic, mineral, lime and micro-fertilizers has been determined, providing the necessary level of productivity of feed crops, provided that the humus of the soil is not deficient. Based on the proposed structure of the annual ration and the calculated share of perennial grasses (53,44 %), a positive dynamics of soil humus was obtained for the crop rotation as a whole. The inclusion of perennial grasses in the crop rotation will allow the farm to ensure planned production of livestock products while maintaining a deficit-free balance of soil humus. According to the supply of nitrogen given the crop need additional introduction of ammonium nitrate in the amount of 839,7 centners. In addition, calculations have been made according to the requirements of lime fertilizers, which found that the specified area must input dolomite 2219,8 t. Also the doses of mineral fertilizers required to obtain the planned yields of crops have been calculated. The use of the developed software product allowed us to determine the need for boron–containing fertilizers – 1,08 centner, manganese – 3,38 centners and copper-containing – 0,46 centner.

Role of seaweed extract on growth, yield and quality of some agricultural crops: A review

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahima Begum ◽  
Bijnan Chandra Bordoloi ◽  
Dhiman Dev Singha ◽  
Nayan Jyoti Ojha
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Seaweed Extract ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Production Improvement ◽  
Wide Range

Seaweed and seaweed-derived products have been widely used as bio stimulants in crop production due to presence of multiple growth regulators such as cytokinin, auxins, gibberellins, betaines, as well as presence of macronutrients such as Ca, K, P, and micronutrients like Fe, Cu, Zn, B, Mn, Co and Mo, which are necessary for plant growth and development. Numerous studies have revealed a wide range of beneficial effects of seaweed extract on plants, such as early seed germination and establishment, better crop performance and yield, inducing resistance to biotic and abiotic stress and many more. This paper is an effort to review the importance of seaweed extract on germination, production, improvement of nutritional quality of agricultural crops which helps in further study of sea weed in agriculture.

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