scholarly journals Lignin and Cellulose Content of Fermented Rice Straw with Aspergillus niger (van Tieghem) and Trichoderma mutan AA1

2021 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 00043
Author(s):  
Sri Sukaryani ◽  
Engkus Ainul Yakin ◽  
Yos Wahyu Harinta ◽  
Zane Vincēviča–Gaile ◽  
Endang Dwi Purbajanti
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Level 1

The rice straw has potential to be used as an alternative ruminant feed. However, it has limiting factors i.e low crude protein, high crude fiber, lignin, cellulose, and silica content. To overcome the limiting factors, immersion in a solution of alkaline (lime) or fermentation by using inoculum microbial cellulolytic and lignocellulolytic (Trichoderma mutan AA1 and Aspergillus niger.). The research method was experimental, with four treatments and repeated five times. Completely randomized design was used and if there are differences among treatments a further test with DMRT was carried out (level 1 % and 5 %). These treatments were T0: The rice straw without t fermentation; T1: Fermented with A. niger; T2: Fermented with T. mutan AA1; T3: Fermented with a combination A. niger and T. mutan AA1. The results showed that the rice straw fermented with A. niger and T. mutants AA1 very significantly increased the cellulose and decreased lignin content. The highest cellulose reached on T3 (20.297 %) followed by T2 (18.191 %), T1 (17.712 %) and T0 (16.747 %), respectively. While the lowest content of lignin reached on T3 (14.793 %), followed T2 (26.063 %), T1 (26.421 %) and T0 (38.164 %).

scholarly journals Biodelignification of sugarcane shoots: agricultural waste management strategy as an alternative feed for ruminants

2021 ◽  
Vol 888 (1) ◽  
pp. 012078
Author(s):  
G Yanti ◽  
N Jamarun ◽  
R Pazla ◽  
R W W Sari
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Laccase Enzyme ◽  
Agricultural Waste Management

Abstract This research aimed to reduce the lignin content and increase the nutrients content of sugarcane shoots as forages for a ruminant. This research used an experimental method using a completely randomized design (CRD) in factorial patterns, whereas A factor was a type of fungi (Pleurotus ostreatus and Aspergillus oryzae), and B factor was biodelignification time (14. 21 and 28 days). The variables observed in the experiment were laccase enzyme activity, Crude Protein (CP) content, and the percentage of lignin decreased. The research results showed that biodelignification using Pleurotus ostreatus fungi for 28 days resulted: 1,62 U/ml of laccase enzyme activity, 9.23% crude protein content, and 12.83 % of lignin decreased. From this research, the best treatment for bio-delignification of sugarcane shoots was with Pleurotus ostreatus fungi for 28 days, producing the best sugarcane shoots with 9.23 % of crude protein 12.83% of lignin decreased.

scholarly journals Analisis Kandungan Protein Kasar dan Serat Kasar Silase Pakan Komplit Berbahan Dasar Kombinasi Jerami Padi dan Daun Lamtoro Sebagai Pakan Ternak Ruminansia

bionature ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darmawan Jamaluddin ◽  
Nurhaeda Nurhaeda ◽  
Rasbawati Rasbawati
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Ruminant Feed

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to determine the increase in protein content and decrease in crude fiber in complete feed silage based on rice straw and lamtoro leaves as ruminant feed. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatment levels and 3 replications namely J0 = 100% rice straw (control), J1 = 60% rice straw and lamtoro leaves 40% J2 = 70% rice straw and lamtoro leaves 30% J3 = 80% rice straw and lamtoro leaves 20%. The results showed that the combination of rice straw and lamtoro leaves had a very significant effect on the value of crude protein and crude fiber in complete feed silage. The highest average to the lowest protein content was J1 (11.45), J2 is equal to (9.50), J3 is equal to (8.44), and J0 is equal to (6.60). The average value of the highest crude fiber content to the lowest is (35.19), J3 is equal to (33.82), J2 is equal to (32.35), and J1is equal to (30.55). From the results of the study it is known that the best treatment that can be recommended is J1 treatment with a combination of 60% rice straw and lamtoro leaves 40%. Keywords: coarse protein, coarse fiber, complete feed silage, lamtoro leaves and rice straw.

scholarly journals Konsumsi dan Kecernaan Zat Makanan Pada Kambing Peranakan Etawah Jantan Yang Diberi Ransum Komplit Berbasis Jerami Padi Terfermentasi

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Cut Intan Novita
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

ABSTRACT. Fermentation of rice straw incriased its nutritive value, digestibility and palatability. The aim of the present experiment was to study the effect of feeding rations composed of fermented rice straw supplement with urea and probiotic, and mixed with concentrate. Eighteen Etawah -grade bucks (age 1.5 years) were assigned into a completely randomized design to study nutrient intake and apparent degestibility of three dietary treatments. The rations as treatments were as follow: CFR=concentrate + chopped fermented rice straw:; Complete=concentrate + groud fermented rice straw; ELG = concentrate + elephan grass. Dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) intake of bucks were not different significantly among treatments. Apparent degestibility of DM was not different, however CP was significantly lower (p0.05) for the GFR treatments compared to the other two treatments. These results suggest that fermented rice straw can be uded to substituse the fresh elephant grass.

scholarly journals Penerapan Kultur Campuran Trichoderma reesei dan Aspergillus niger dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Putak sebagai Pakan (APPLIED MIXED-CULTURED ASPERGILLUS NIGER AND TRICHODERMA REESEI TO INCREASE PUTAK QUALITY AS FEED)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Maritje Aleonor Hilakore ◽  
Suryahadi Suryahadi ◽  
Komang Wiryawan ◽  
Djumali Mangunwijaya
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Trichoderma Reesei ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
West Timor

Putak is a local feed in west Timor, East Nusa Tenggara Province. It is obtained from soft core of palm tree which is called gebang tree (Corypha gebanga). Putak contains high carbohydrate and fiber but low in protein. As an effort to increase the ptotein level in putak a research was conducted by fermenting it with mixed-cultured of Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger. A laboratorium experimental method was used and arranged factorially in Completely Randomized Design 3 x 4 x 3 namely three inoculant levels of T. reesei (T): 5,0; 7,5 and 10,0 % (w/w), and four levels of A. niger (A) 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 and 2,0% (w/w). Mixed-cultured was done by: first, T.reesei as treatment mix with putak and incubation for two days, after that mix with A.niger, incubation for two days. The best result of this study was on combination of T.reesei 7.5% level and 1,5% of A.niger were crude protein (23.62%) and soluble protein (14.92%) was highest and fiber 10,17%. 

scholarly journals ANALISIS LIGNIN, SELULOSA DAN HEMI SELULOSA JERAMI JAGUNG HASIL DI FERMENTASI TRICHODERMA VIRIDE DENGAN MASA INKUBASI YANG BERBEDA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Ismail Pasue ◽  
E Salah
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Hemicellulose Content ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The research objective was to find out the different incubation period at the making of cron straw fermentation with Trichoderma viride based on the content of lignin, cellulse, and  hemicellulse.  The researchwas conducted based on completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and four replications. The treatments were fermentation P0 = cron straw without incubation; P1 =  cron straw with 1 week  incubation; P2 = cron straw with 2- week  incubation; P3 = cron straw with 3- week  incubation.  The data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance and having an advenced test using the Duncan test. The finding of researsh revealed that the fermentation of cron straw using Trichoderma viride with differnt incubation period had a significant effect (P0.01) on the content of of lignin, cellulse, and  hemicellulse. The lowest lignin content was found in treatment P2 (8.57b), the lowest cellulose content was found in treatment P0 (32.96 b), P1 (32.93 b, and P2 (32.48 b), and the lowest hemicellulose content was foud intreatment P2 (11.78 c) and P3 (12.27 c). To conlude, the best incubtiontperiod for fermentationof cron straw with Trichoderma viride was 2 weeks (treatment P2)

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penambahan Aspergilllus niger terhadap Kandungan Nutrien pada Proses Fermentasi Kulit Buah Kakao (Theobroma cacao)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Engkus Ainul Yakin ◽  
Ahimsa Kandi Sariri ◽  
Sri Sukaryani
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Duncan Multiple Range Test ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Range Test

Abstract This research goal is to determine the nutrient content increased and decreased lignin content of cocoa pod fermented by Aspergillus niger. The assessment method was performed using the three treatments and four replications. T0 = cocoa pod fermentation without the addition of Aspergillus niger, T1 = cocoa pod fermentation by the addition of 5% Aspergillus niger, and T2 = cocoa pod fermentation by the addition of 10% of Aspergillus niger. Fresh cocoa pods were chopped to a size of 1-2 cm. Some of the cocoa pods are directly chopped, rolled, and dried while the rest are supplemented with Aspergillus niger. The mixture is stored within an aerobic medium for seven days. Observed variables include dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CFt), crude fat (CF), and lignin. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance unidirectional pattern (Oneway ANOVA) of the completely randomized design (completely randomized design), then if there are significant differences will be further tested by Duncan multiple range test. The results showed that cocoa pod fermented with A. niger decrease of dry matter, crude fat, crude fiber, and lignin. The conclusion is the addition of Aspergillus niger 5% will lower the lignin content (5.38%) compared to without the addition of Aspergillus niger (7.84%). Keywords: Aspergillus niger; Cocoa pod; Fermentation; Lignin   Abstrak Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kandungan nutrien dan penurunan kandungan lignin dari kulit buah kakao (KBK) yang difermentasi dengan A. niger. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu menggunakan tiga perlakuan dan empat ulangan. P0 = KBK fermentasi tanpa penambahan A. niger, P1 = KBK fermentasi dengan penambahan 5% A. niger, dan P2=KBK fermentasi dengan penambahan 10% A. niger . KBK segar  dicacah dengan ukuran 1-2 cm. Sebagian KBK yang dicacah langsung dikeringkan kemudian digiling dan sebagian lainnya diberi penambahan A. niger. Campuran dimasukkan ke dalam wadah aerob selama 7 hari. Penelitian ini dirancang menggunakan desain penelitian rancangan acak lengkap. Variabel yang diamati meliputi kandungan bahan kering (BK), protein kasar (PK), serat kasar (SK), lemak kasar (LK) dan lignin. Data dianalisis menggunakan sidik ragam pola searah (oneway ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan uji jarak berganda Duncan (Duncan multiple range test/DMRT), apabila nilai P<0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fermentasi kulit buah kakao dengan A. niger menurunkan kandungan air, lemak kasar, serat kasar dan lignin. Disimpulkan bahwa penambahan A. niger 5% dapat menurunkan kandungan lignin (5,38%) dibandingkan dengan tanpa penambahan A. niger 10% (7,84%). Kata kunci : Aspergillus niger; Fermentasi; Kulit buah kakao; Lignin

scholarly journals Chemical composition of Tanganyika grass under tree shading levels in a silvopastoral system

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Augusto Brandão de CARVALHO ◽  
Pedro Henrique Ferreira da SILVA ◽  
Pablo Giliard ZANELLA
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Silvopastoral System ◽  
Insoluble Protein ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different Clitoria fairchildiana tree shading levels on the Tanganyika grass (Megatyrsus maximus Jacq. cv. Tanganyika) chemical composition, in summer I (2011/2012), spring (2012) and summer II (2012/2013) seasons. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four treatments (shading levels) and five repetitions at Seropédica, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The following variables were evaluated: dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent (NDF) and acid detergent (ADF) fiber, neutral (NDIP) and acid (ADIP) detergent insoluble protein, lignin (LIG) and mineral matter (MM) contents. Data were analyzed by PROC MIXED SAS®, with repeated measures in time, and treatment means compared by Tukey’s test (P<0.05) or by PROC REG (P<0.05 for regression analysis. There was a significant interaction between season and shading level for DM, CP, NDF, ADF, NDIP, ADIP and MM contents (P<0.05). Lignin content was only influenced by shading level (P<0.05). The DM, NDF, ADF and lignin contents were reduced by shading increase while CP, NIDP and MM contents were increased. Higher ADIP contents were found only in the spring. The increase in Clitoria fairchildiana tree shading improves the chemical composition of Tanganyika grass forage during summer season.

scholarly journals Ramie (Boehmeria nivea) Plant Nutrient Quality as Feed Forage at Various Cut Ages

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sari Suryanah ◽  
Ana Rochana ◽  
Iin Susilawati ◽  
Nyimas Popi Indiriani
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Nutrient Quality ◽  
Boehmeria Nivea ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The Village

This study was aimed to determine the nutrient quality of the ramie plant (Boehmeria nivea) at various cut ages. The research was conducted in the village of Kampung Marga Marga Mulya Bakti RT. 01 RW. 13 Cikandang districts, Garut. The design used was completely randomized design with four (4) treatments and five (5) replications, namely; the treatment of 15-days cutting-age, 30-days cutting-age, 45-days cutting-age, and 60-days cutting-age. The results showed that the cutting age had significant effect (p <0.05) on crude protein, crude fiber content, and the lignin content of ramie forage. The older cutting age had the decreased crude protein content, while increased the crude fiber and lignin content. The best cutting age of ramie plant as forage for optimal nutrients quality was 30 days.

scholarly journals Comparison on biomass production of three fodder germplasms

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Kanak ◽  
MJ Khan ◽  
MR Debi ◽  
ZH Khandakar ◽  
MK Pikar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Fresh Biomass ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Brachiaria Mutica

The experiment was conducted to study the comparison on biomass production of fodder germplasm. Para (Brachiaria mutica Stapf.), German (Echinochloa crusgalli L.) and Dhal (Hymenachne pseudointerrupta C. Muell) grasses were cultivated in a completely randomized design (CRD). The whole area was divided into nine plots. The area of each unit plot was 6 m x 6 m. Number of cuttings were 16,000 /hectare where Plant to Plant distance was 16 cm and row and raw distance was 16 cm. Equal amount of organic and chemical fertilizer were applied in all cutting. The fodders were first harvested after 60 days of planting, second and third after successive 60 days of re-growth. The findings of the study showed that fresh biomass (p<0.01) and dry biomass yield (p<0.05) of three fodder germplasm differed significantly. Crude protein and organic matter yield were significant (p<0.01) only in the second cutting. German grass was showed significantly higher in CP and OM yield (p<0.01) at second cutting than other grasses. However, no significant effect on plant height was observed among three grasses. From the above findings it may be concluded that among the three fodder germplasm, German fodder showed best result in respect of biomass production. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i1.15772 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (1): 35-39

scholarly journals BROMATOLOGIA DE GRAMÍNEAS TROPICAIS SOB DIFERENTES TENSÕES DE ÁGUA NO SOLO EM AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 415
Author(s):  
Morgana Scaramussa Gonçalves ◽  
Wilian Rodrigues Ribeiro ◽  
Edvaldo Fialho Dos Reis ◽  
Antônio Carlos Cóser
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Soil Water Tension ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Water Tension

A irrigação é usada para conter os efeitos da sazonalidade de produção garantindo maior intensificação dos sistemas de produção a pasto, assim, contribuindo para o aumento da produção e do valor bromatológico das gramíneas. Dessa forma, objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar o valor bromatológico de gramíneas tropicais cultivadas em condições de ambiente protegido, submetidas a diferentes tensões de água no solo. Foram realizados três experimentos com as gramíneas Mombaça, Marandu e Tifton 85, onde cada qual, foi conduzida em um esquema de parcelas subdivididas, tendo nas parcelas os níveis do fator tensão de água no solo (20, 40, 50, 60 e 70 kPa) e nas subparcelas níveis 1º, 2º e 3º do fator corte, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições. Nas tensões de água no solo de 20 (Mombaça) e 50 kPa (Marandu e Tifton 85) as gramíneas expressaram seu máximo de valor nutritivo. Os maiores teores de PB foram obtidos nas gramíneas Mombaça e Tifton 85. Para as variáveis FDN e FDA o fator tensão de água no solo não foi significativo.Palavras-chave: proteína bruta, fibra, irrigação, forrageiras. BROMATOLOGY OF TROPICAL GRASSES UNDER DIFFERENT SOIL WATER TENSIONS IN PROTECTED ENVIRONMENT ABSTRACT:The irrigation is used to contain the effects of seasonality of production, ensuring a greater intensification of pasture production systems, thus contributing to the increase of production and the bromatological value of grasses. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the nutritive value of tropical grasses grown under protected environment conditions, subject to different soil water stresses. Three experiments, using Mombasa, Marandu and Tifton 85 grasses under a protected environment were carried out and each one was conducted in a subdivided plots scheme, with the levels of soil water tension factor (20, 40, 50, 60 and 70 kPa) and in the subplots levels 1, 2 and 3 of the cut factor, in a completely randomized design with five replicationss. At soil water stresses of 20 (Mombasa) and 50 kPa (Marandu and Tifton 85) the grasses expressed their maximum nutritive value. The highest CP levels were obtained in the Mombasa and Tifton 85 grasses. For the NDF and ADF variables, the soil water stress factor was not significant.Keywords: crude protein, fiber, irrigation, forages.

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