scholarly journals ANALISIS LIGNIN, SELULOSA DAN HEMI SELULOSA JERAMI JAGUNG HASIL DI FERMENTASI TRICHODERMA VIRIDE DENGAN MASA INKUBASI YANG BERBEDA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Ismail Pasue ◽  
E Salah
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Hemicellulose Content ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The research objective was to find out the different incubation period at the making of cron straw fermentation with Trichoderma viride based on the content of lignin, cellulse, and  hemicellulse.  The researchwas conducted based on completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and four replications. The treatments were fermentation P0 = cron straw without incubation; P1 =  cron straw with 1 week  incubation; P2 = cron straw with 2- week  incubation; P3 = cron straw with 3- week  incubation.  The data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance and having an advenced test using the Duncan test. The finding of researsh revealed that the fermentation of cron straw using Trichoderma viride with differnt incubation period had a significant effect (P0.01) on the content of of lignin, cellulse, and  hemicellulse. The lowest lignin content was found in treatment P2 (8.57b), the lowest cellulose content was found in treatment P0 (32.96 b), P1 (32.93 b, and P2 (32.48 b), and the lowest hemicellulose content was foud intreatment P2 (11.78 c) and P3 (12.27 c). To conlude, the best incubtiontperiod for fermentationof cron straw with Trichoderma viride was 2 weeks (treatment P2)

scholarly journals EVALUASI KANDUNGAN LIGNIN DAN TANNIN PADA KULIT PISANG GOROHO (Musa acuminafe, sp) FERMENTASI SEBAGAI PAKAN TERNAK AYAM RAS PETELUR

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Fatma Husain
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Significance Test ◽  
Tannin Content ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The research aimed at investigating the content of lignin and tannin in the peel of goroho banana fermented as laying hens’ feed. It was arranged based on a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 repetitions. The treatments were P0= goroho banana’s peel without fermentation, P1= goroho banana’s peel fermented with 0,3% Rhyzopus olygosporus, P2= goroho banana’s peel fermented with 0,3% Trichoderma viride, P3= goroho banana’s peel fermented with 0,15% Rhyzopus olygosporus + 0,15% Trichoderma viride. The data were analyzed, occupying the least significance test. Findings revealed that the nutrition of goroho banana’s peels fermented as laying hens’ feed has significant differences with lignin and tannin (P 0.01). The lowest lignin content was in treatment P3 (16,23), while the lowest tannin content was in treatment P1 (0,20). It can be concluded that the goroho banana’s peel that can be utilized as laying hens’ feed was the peel that had been fermented with 1,5% Rhyzopus olygosporus + 1,5% Trichoderma viride containing 16,23% lignin. However, the peel fermented with Rhyzopus olygosporus contained tannin for 0,20%.

scholarly journals Lignin and Cellulose Content of Fermented Rice Straw with Aspergillus niger (van Tieghem) and Trichoderma mutan AA1

2021 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 00043
Author(s):  
Sri Sukaryani ◽  
Engkus Ainul Yakin ◽  
Yos Wahyu Harinta ◽  
Zane Vincēviča–Gaile ◽  
Endang Dwi Purbajanti
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Level 1

The rice straw has potential to be used as an alternative ruminant feed. However, it has limiting factors i.e low crude protein, high crude fiber, lignin, cellulose, and silica content. To overcome the limiting factors, immersion in a solution of alkaline (lime) or fermentation by using inoculum microbial cellulolytic and lignocellulolytic (Trichoderma mutan AA1 and Aspergillus niger.). The research method was experimental, with four treatments and repeated five times. Completely randomized design was used and if there are differences among treatments a further test with DMRT was carried out (level 1 % and 5 %). These treatments were T0: The rice straw without t fermentation; T1: Fermented with A. niger; T2: Fermented with T. mutan AA1; T3: Fermented with a combination A. niger and T. mutan AA1. The results showed that the rice straw fermented with A. niger and T. mutants AA1 very significantly increased the cellulose and decreased lignin content. The highest cellulose reached on T3 (20.297 %) followed by T2 (18.191 %), T1 (17.712 %) and T0 (16.747 %), respectively. While the lowest content of lignin reached on T3 (14.793 %), followed T2 (26.063 %), T1 (26.421 %) and T0 (38.164 %).

scholarly journals KADAR NDF DAN ADF KULIT BUAH KAKAO YANG DIFERMENTASI SECARA BERTINGKAT MENGGUNAKAN Trichoderma viride DAN Saccharomyces cerevisiae (NDF and ADF Levels of Cocoa Pod Husk Gradually Fermented Using Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Andrik Lesmana ◽  
Ning Iriyanti ◽  
Titin Widiyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Orthogonal Polynomial ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Level Of Use ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husk ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husks

The research aimed to examine the effect of gradual fermentation using Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its most optimal level of use on lowering NDF and ADF levels of cocoa pod husks. The experiment was conducted experimentally according to a completely randomized design (CRD) consisted of four treatments and five replications. The treatments were  R0: cocoa pod husks without fermentation, R1: cocoa pod husk fermentation (T. viride 4% and S. cerevisiae 4%), R2: cocoa pod husk fermentation (T. viride 8% and S. cerevisiae 8%), R3: cocoa pod husk fermentation (T. viride 12% and S. cerevisiae 12%). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the orthogonal polynomial test. The results showed that the gradual fermentation using T. viride and S. cerevisiae was highly significant in reducing levels of NDF and ADF of cocoa pod husks, following  the equation Y = 78.926 – 0.087X – 0.092 X2 + 0.007 X3,  (R2) = 93.4% and Y = 75.274 – 5.698X + 1.277 X2 – 0.073 X3, (R2) = 99.5%, respectively. In conclusion, the optimal level of using T. viride and S. cerevisiae in lowering the levels of NDF of cocoa pod husk was 9.21%, which can reduce the NDF level as much as 3.98%, while the optimal level of using  T. viride and S. cerevisiae in lowering the levels of NDF of cocoa pod husks was 3.01%, which can decrease the ADF level as much as 10.01%.

Pengaruh Pemberian Moringa oleifera Terhadap Kuantitas dan Kualitas Semen Sapi Peranakan Ongole

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Lukman Affandhy ◽  
Muchamad Luthfi ◽  
Dian Ratnawati ◽  
Frediansyah Firdaus
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
The Third ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Second Period

ABSTRAK  Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian bubuk daun Moringa oleifera (MO) terhadap kuantitas dan kualitas semen sapi peranakan ongole (PO). Metode penelitian menggunakan percobaan lapang dengan rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga perlakuan pemberian MO sebesar 0 kg/ekor/hari (P1); 0,05 kg/ekor/hari (P2) dan 0,1 kg/ekor/hari (P3). Analsis data menggunakan one way analysis of variance. Masing-masing perlakuan terdiri atas empat ekor dengan tiga periode pengamatan sebagai ulangan, yaitu periode pertama dan ketiga tanpa MO, dan periode kedua diberikan MO pada P2 dan P3. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa volume dan pH semen perlakuan P1, P2 dan P3 tidak berbeda semua periode pengamatan. Motilitas massa spermatozoa P2 dan P3 periode kedua dan ketiga menunjukan nilai +++ berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dibandingkan dengan P1 (++); motilitas individu  perlakuan P1 menunjukkan nilai terendah 60,56±2,94 % (P<0,05) dibandingkan P2 dan P3 pada periode kedua dan ketiga (75,50±2,29 dan 72,50±2,34%). Konsentrasi spermatozoa P2 dan P3 periode kedua dan ketiga menunjukkan rata-rata  >1.350 juta/ml berbeda nyata (P<0,05) daripada P1 (876±152juta/ml), sedangkan total spermatozoa motil menunjukkan nilai tertinggi 5.647±829 juta/ml pada P3 periode kedua.Viabilitas spermatozoa P2 dan P3 menunjukkan nilai >88-89 % beda nyata (P<0,05) daripada P1 (<84 %) pada periode kedua dan ketiga, sedangkan nilai abnormalitas spermatozoa yang terbaik adalah P2 sebesar 4,30% pada periode kedua dan P3 sebesar 5,33% pada periode ketiga. Disimpulkan pemberian bubuk daun MO dengan dosis 0,1 kg/ekor/hari dapat memperbaiki kuantitas dan kualitas semen (viabilitas dan total spermatozoa motil) sapi pejantan PO.Kata kunci:  kuantitas dan kualitas semen, Moringa oleifera, sapi pejantan ABSTRACTThe research aimed to determine the effect of Moringa oleifera (MO) leaf powder on the quantity and quality of semen of ongole crossbreed. The research method used was a field experiment with a completely randomized design with three treatments giving MO of 0 kg/head/day (P1); 0.05 kg/head/day (P2) and 0.1 kg/head/day (P3). Each treatment consisted of four heads with three periods of observation as replications, namely the first and third periods without MO, and the second period was given MO on P2 and P3. Data analysis used a one-way analysis of variance. The results showed that the volume and pH of semen treated P1, P2, and P3 didn’t different in all observation periods. The second and third period spermatozoa mass motility of P2 and P3 showed that the value of +++ was significantly different (P<0.05) compared to P1 (++); Individual motility of P1 treatment showed the lowest value 60,56±2,94 % (P<0.05) compared to P2 and P3 in the second and third periods (75,50±2,29 and 72,50±2,34%). The second and third periods of P2 and P3 spermatozoa concentrations showed an average of >1,350 million/cc significantly different (P<0.05) than P1 (876±152 million/cc), while the total motile spermatozoa showed the highest value of 5,647±829 million/cc in the second period P3. The spermatozoa viability of P2 and P3 showed values >88-89% significantly different (P<0.05) than P1 (<84%) in the second and third periods, while the best spermatozoa abnormalities were P2 at 4.30% in the second period and P3 at 5.33% in the third period. It was concluded that the giving of MO leaf powder at a dose of 0,1 kg/head/day could improve the quantity and quality of semen (viability and total motile spermatozoa) of Ongole Crossbreed bulls. Keywords: bulls, Moringa oleifera, quantity and quality of semen

scholarly journals Tolerance of Annual Winter Species to Protoporfirinogen Oxidase Inhibiting Herbicides (Protox)

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. ALVES ◽  
L. GALON ◽  
R.R. KAIZER ◽  
F.L. WINTER ◽  
C.M. HOLZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
F Test ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Linear Regressions

ABSTRACT: The use of plant species for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with herbicides is an alternative that has been emphasized to minimize the effects of the persistence of agrochemicals in the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance potential of winter species in soils contaminated with sulfentrazone and fomesafen. The experiment was in a completely randomized design with four replications. Doses of fomesafen (0.0, 0.125, 0.250, and 0.5 kg ha-1) and sulfentrazone (0.0, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 kg ha-1) were applied during the pre-emergence of phytoremediate species (black oat, vetch, birdsfood trefoil, radish and lupin). Forty five days after the emergence of the species, the phytotoxicity (%), leaf area (cm2), stalk and/or stem diameter (mm), height (cm) and dry matter (g) variables of the plants were evaluated. Data were submitted to analysis of variance by F test; when significant, linear or non linear regressions were applied to evaluate the effect of herbicide doses on the studied species. Birdsfood trefoil was the less tolerant species to fomesafen and sulfentrazone. Black oat was less affected by the application of fomesafen doses, but it was highly susceptible to sulfentrazone. Radish presented tolerance only up to the fomesafen dose of 0.25 kg ha-1; as for sulfentrazone, the species showed tolerance. The most tolerant species to fomesafen and sulfentrazone, regardless of the dose, was the lupine, which is a possible alternative for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with these herbicides.

scholarly journals Microplastic Depuration on Asaphis Detlorata

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Dian Fatriani Indah Saputri ◽  
Anwar Daud ◽  
Rachman Syah ◽  
Agus Bintara Birawida ◽  
Hasnawati Amqam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Water Circulation System ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Post Hoc

Depuration is an effort to reduce/eliminate contamination including microplastics, which one is using a water circulation system. This study aims to determine the effective depuration time to reduce the microplastic content in Asaphis detlorata This study used a quantitative approach with experimental research design with a completely randomized design. There are 450 shells used as an experimental animal where is the treatment consisted of four depuration times, namely 1;2;3; and 4 days with 3 repetitions of each treatment, while the control shells were without depuration. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to see the effect of depuration treatment on the microplastic content. If the effect of the treatment was significantly different, then the post hoc test was continued to determine the differences between treatments. The results showed that Asaphis detlorata obtained from the mouth of the Lakatong river estuary were contaminated with microplastics ranging from 0.6 to 8.1 MPs/shellfish and an average of 3.96 MPs/shellfish. Depuration time significantly affected the microplastic content in shellfish depuration effectiveness. There is a tendency that the longer depuration time is decreased microplastic content in shellfish. The effective depuration time to reduce the microplastic content in Asaphis detlorata was 3 and 4 days. Further research is needed for a more effective depuration for cleaning microplastics in shellfish.

scholarly journals Perlakuan Berbagai Dosis Pupuk ZA Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Bayam Merah (Amaranthus gangeticus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Edy Kustiani ◽  
Mariyono Mariyono ◽  
Bela Citra Ayuningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dose Treatment ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The Ideal

Red spinach (Amaranthus gangeticus) is one of the most popular vegetables because of its high nutritional value and easy cultivation. Efforts to increase the production of red spinach are to fertilize to meet the needs of both macro and micronutrients. This study aimed to determine the effect of ZA fertilizer dose on the growth and yield of red spinach. The environmental design used was a non-factorial, completely randomized design with four replications. The factors tested were the dose of ZA fertilizer which consisted of 6 levels, namely: without ZA fertilizer (D0); 0.4 gr/polybag (D1); 0.8 gr/polybag (D2); 1.2 gr/polybag (D3); 1.6 gr/polybag (D4); 2 gr/polybag (D5). The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance, and if the results were significantly different, the BNT test was continued at a 5% level. The growth and yield of red spinach showed significant differences due to the ZA fertilizer dose treatment. The ZA fertilizer dose treatment of 1.2 g/polybag (D3) resulted in the highest plant height, the number of leaves, and leaf area of red spinach at 14, 21, and 28 days after planting. The ZA fertilizer dose treatment of 1.2 g/polybag (D3) resulted in the highest wet and dry weight plants of 49.15 and 4.38 grams, respectively. The ZA 1.2 gr/polybag dose is the ideal dose to increase the productivity of red spinach.Bayam merah (Amaranthus gangeticus) termasuk sayuran penting yang disukai masyarakat karena bernilai gizi tinggi dan mudah pembudidayaannya. Upaya peningkatan hasil bayam merah salah satunya dengan pemupukan untuk menambah nutrisi yang dibutuhkan tanaman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari respon pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bayam merah pada perlakuan dosis pupuk ZA. Pelaksanaan penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) satu faktor. Faktor yang diujikan adalah dosis pupuk ZA, terdiri 6 taraf, yaitu: tanpa pupuk ZA (D0); 0.4 gr/polybag (D1); 0.8 gr/polybag (D2); 1.2 gr/polybag (D3); 1.6 gr/polybag (D4); 2 gr /polybag (D5). Percobaan dilakukan dengan ulangan sebanyak 4 kali. Analisis data menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA), apabila berbeda nyata dilanjutkan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) taraf 5%. Perlakuan dosis pupuk ZA berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bayam merah. Perlakuan dosis pupuk ZA 1.2 gr/polybag (D3) menghasilkan tinggi, jumlah dan luas daun tanaman bayam merah tertinggi pada pengamatan umur 14, 21, dan 28 HST. Dosis pupuk ZA 1.2 gr/polybag (D3) juga menunjukkan berat basah dan berat kering tanaman tertinggi sebesar 49.15 dan 4.38 gram. Dosis ZA 1.2 gr/polybag merupakan dosis ideal untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman bayam merah.

scholarly journals Efek Penambahan Vitamin E dalam Pengencer Glukosa Fosfat terhadap Daya Tahan Hidup Spermatozoa Domba pada Suhu 5 °C

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Nilawati Widjaya
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Plasma Membrane Integrity ◽  
Glucose Phosphate ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

<p class="p1">The purpose of this study was to know the effect of vitamin E addition in glucose phosphate diluent on the survival of sheep spermatozoa at 5 °C. The xperiment used 3 rams. The design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replicates, each replicate with 3 ejaculate cement of sheep. The treatments were the dose of Vitamin E with E<span class="s1">0 </span>= 0 μg/ml, E<span class="s1">1 </span>= 1 μg/ml, E<span class="s1">2 </span>= 4 μg/ml, E<span class="s1">3 </span>= 7 μg/ml, and E<span class="s1">4 </span>= 10 μg/ml. Variables measured were motility, live spermatozoa and plasma membrane integrity. Data were analyzed by using analysis of variance according to Steel and Torrie (1981). The result showed that treatment of vitamin E with a dose of 1 μg/ml - 10 μg/ml l had no significant effect on motility, percentage live spermatozoa and membrane integrity of sheep spermatozoa on day two (P&gt; 0.05).</p>

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENGGANTIAN JAGUNG DENGAN SORGUM Cv. KAWALI DALAM RANSUM PELLET TERHADAP PERFORMANS KELINCI LOKAL

ZOOTEC ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Agung R. P. Rumondor ◽  
B. Tulung ◽  
A. Rumambi ◽  
C.A Rahasia
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
All Treatment

EFFECT OF REPLACEMENT OF CORN WITH SORGUM Cv. KAWALI IN PELLET RANSUM ON LOCAL RABBIT PERFORM. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of substitution corn with sorghum in rabbit rations on feed consumption, body weight gain, and ration conversion. The duration of the study was 28 days using 20 local rabbits. The statistical design used in this study was a completely randomized design, with 4 (four) treatment rations and 5 (five) replications. The four experimental rations, namely R0: 45% corn + 0% sorghum, R1: 30% corn + 15% sorghum, R2 15% corn + 30% sorghum, R3 0% corn + 45% sorghum. Variables were measured, viz: feed consumption, body weight gain and ration conversion. The results showed that the average of feed consumption, body weight gain, and feed conversion, were: 28.27–30.59 g /head /day, 15.76–21.55 g / head /day, and 1.42-1.80 g /head /day, respectively. Based on the analysis of variance, the treatments ration had no significant effect (P> 0.05) on consumption, but had a very significant effect (P <0.01) on body weight gain and feed conversion. The LSD test showed that all treatment rations using sorghum (R1, R2, and R3) gave results of body weight gain which were very significantly different (P <0.01) and higher than R0. Whereas, on ration conversion, treatments R1, R2, and R3 give very different results (P <0.01) lower than R0. It is concluded that the substitution of corn with sorghum at the level of 45% in the ration gives the highest results for body weight gain and conversion of rations for rabbits. Keywords: corn, sorghum, ration, performance, local rabbit

scholarly journals Effect of Gadung Tuber Extract (Dioscorea hispida) on Mortality of Caterpillars (Spodoptera exigua) in Shallots (Allium cepa) in East Lombok

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 556
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mustarsidin ◽  
Syachruddin AR ◽  
Ahmad Raksun
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Spodoptera Exigua ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Tuber Extract ◽  
Range Test

Plants that can be used as pesticides are Gadung tubers. Gadung tubers contain cyanide acid to kill armyworm pests because they contain dioscorin toxins which can cause nervous disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Gadung tuber extract (Dioscorea hispida) on Caterpillar mortality (Spodoptera exigua) in Shallot plants. This type of research is experimental research. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD). The sample used was 5 caterpillars (Spodoptera exigua) in each polybag with 5 repetitions for each concentration of Gadung tuber extract, namely 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5%, so the total Caterpillar used was 150 Caterpillars. Gadung tuber extraction was carried out by maceration method with methanol solvent. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance at the 95% significance level, followed by DMRT (Duncans Multiple Range Test). The results showed that the Gadung tuber extract had a significant effect on the mortality of caterpillars (Spodoptera exigua) because the F count was greater than the F table (45.40>2.62), and the DMRT test results showed that the optimal concentration of Gadung tuber extract was 2.5%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the extract of Gadung tuber (Dioscorea hispida) affects the mortality of Caterpillars (Spodoptera exigua) in Shallots (Allium cepa).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document