scholarly journals Analysis and Design of Intze Water Tank by Using STAAD Pro

2021 ◽  
Vol 309 ◽  
pp. 01178
Author(s):  
Chandana Imadabathuni ◽  
Padala Sri Vardhan Goud ◽  
Nalla Ravi Kiran ◽  
Bathula Naveen
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Water Tanks ◽  
Supply Water

Water tank is a water storage structured built for long term use. These tanks were utilized for various uses like distribution of water, firefighting, agriculture, food industry, paper mills etc. It comes in handy when there is an intermittent supply of water or scarcity of water. Materials like concrete, pvc Galvanized Iron, fibre is used to manufacture tanks. Water is pumped through pipe by using pumps from a source. For distribution purpose water can be distributed either gravity or pump to reach individual with desired pressure and velocity. Volume is calculated based upon population and their usage and demand. Water demand varies hour to hour. For a continues supply water tanks are best suited. To meet water demand by public water tanks are to be constructed. Design and analysis are similar for any liquid present in water tank but is should be crack free to avoid leakage

scholarly journals Use ofIn-SituDynamic Measurements to Calibrate Analytical Models of RC-Elevated Water Tanks

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 903-914
Author(s):  
H.M. Lopes ◽  
C.S. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Ambient Vibration ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Elevated Water ◽  
Water Tanks

Before establishing the priority settings for the reduction of seismic risk of water supply infrastructures, it is necessary to understand the dynamic behavior of elevated water tanks, which are components of those infrastructures. Among other information, the main frequencies of vibration of these structures must be estimated and the analytical models used in their analysis and design should reproduce the frequency values obtained by in-situ dynamic tests. This work focuses exclusively on reinforced concrete (RC) elevated water tanks (200–750 m^3 of water at heights of 30–40 m), which are very common structures in the water supply systems in Portugal since the mid XXth century. This type of structures can also be seen in many regions around the world. First, a nationwide survey was conducted to determine the most common typologies in the country in terms of structural layout. Second, an in-situ campaign using ambient vibration as input was performed for a group of selected structures to determine the main frequencies of vibration and to identify modal shapes and damping values. Third, a finite element model of several different typologies was developed using the water simply as a concentrated mass at the top; the elastic properties of the model of the structure including the foundation were calibrated, so that the frequencies of various mode shapes obtained by the analytical model would match the frequencies of the real structure. Finally, an expression was derived to estimate the fundamental frequency of a group of elevated water tank typologies based on the total mass at the top of the supporting structure, which include the water, the global lateral stiffness, and the height of the tank. This study, providing important information on the frequencies of vibration of RC-elevated water tanks, contributes in a definite way to the analysis and design of such water tanks.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DESIGN OF ELEVATED WATER TANK

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurabh Agarwal ◽  
Vishnu Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Design Evaluation ◽  
Seismic Load ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Rectangular Tank ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Elevated Water ◽  
Water Tanks

This Paper deals with the layout and designing of Intze Tank, Circular Tank, and Rectangular Tank with stagingusing dynamic analysis. It concludes the low in cost layout inside which it includes the structural design, evaluation of shape which may be used for element estimation of this type of water tank i.e. Intze Tank, Circular Tank, Rectangular Tank and modeling is carried out by using finite element analysis base software STAAD PRO. Evaluation of tanks is about the analysis and design of sub structure and super structure. The layout of liquid retaining structure considering theentire economic system of the tank as an objective feature of the tank.Elevated water tanks are one of the most essential inside the daily requirement. This Paper is concerned with the overall performance in cost of water tank under seismic load as in keeping with IS 1893(part1):2002ZONE II. The consequences acquired from the analysis are as compared and the conclusions are drawn.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis & Design of Elevated Storage Reservoir (ESR) By Manually & Software

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1006-1011
Author(s):  
Asst. Prof A.V. Karvekar
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Public Utility ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Base Shear ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
State Method ◽  
Water Tanks

Abstract: Water tanks are important public utility and industrial structure. The design and construction method used in reinforced concrete are influenced by the prevailing construction practices ,the physical property of the material and the climatic conditions water tanks are classified on the basis of their shape and position of structure storage reservoirs and overhead tank are used to store water all tanks are designed as crack free structure to eliminate any leakage . The principle objective of this project is to plan, analysis and design a circular overhead tank of 750lakh litters capacity. In this project all structural elements of circular water tank are analysed and design by using manually and ETAB software . this project giuesin brief ,The theory behind the design of liquid retaining structures (Elevated circular water tank ) using limit state method with reference to IS: 3370 (2009)and IS456:2000 The behaviour of structure for the parameters like story drift ,displacement stiffness ,deflection ,storey shear ,base shear , area of steel ,for circular water tank are studied on ETAB software and then comparison of the results is made between manually design By this study we say that the circular water tank analysis and design on ETAB software is more economical and safe than manually design of water tank. Keywords: Circular water tank , Seismic pressure, Population Forcasting, Limit state method ,working stress method , ETAB .

Study and Evaluation of Stored Drinking Water Characteristics Using Three Types of Roof Water Tanks in Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Abdulkhaleq K Mahmood ◽  
Ali A Kamal ◽  
Ako R Hama
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Water Characteristics ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Water Metal ◽  
Water Tanks ◽  
Better Than

The scarcity of safe drinking water is one of the problems faced by the majority of cities in the world. Kirkuk city is one of these cities, which suffer from a shortage of drinking water. People have adopted the use of different rooftop tanks to overcome this problem. This research focuses on studying the effect of storage time on the five main characteristics of drinking water, which include, acid index (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), and turbidity (Tr). Three types of tanks were used predominantly (galvanized metal, plastic, and aluminum tanks). By analyzing the results, the characteristics of three samples of municipal source water obtained. Three samples were taken from each tank at different periods (4, 8, and 12 days). The results showed that the storage time affected the characteristics of drinking water. These characteristics differed from one tank to another. Metal tanks showed an increase in total dissolved solids, due to the evaporation process, even as plastic and aluminum tanks showed an increase in pH. The properties of all storage water tanks changed with times, but overall, the results were within the Iraqi limitation for drinking water. It was not easy to only depend on the results of this study to believe that any one type of water tank was better than the other, as the values of most of the variables studied had varied from one type to other. However, many studies have indicated a number of health risks, and most significantly with regard to plastic tanks, which are said to contain dangerous organic compounds that can be transferred to water. Metal tanks can cause zinc leakage, caused by a number of environmental factors at high levels. Aluminum tanks also can have an effect on the water in tanks.

Project Review on Water Level Sensing Using PLC

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama Mahfooz ◽  
Mujtaba Memon ◽  
Asim Iftikhar
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Control ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Digital Computer ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Water Tanks

<span>A PLC is a digital computer used to automate electromechanical processes. This research is<span> based on automation of a water tank by using Siemens PLC. Automatic control of water tanks<span> can work continuously and can provide accurate quantity of water in less time. In such process<span> there is no need of labor so there is no human error. Without human error, the quality of product<span> is better and the cost of production would definitely decrease with no error in quantity required.<span> Water level sensing can be implemented in industrial plants, commercial use and even at home<br /><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span></span></span></span></span></span>

Crop nutritional management affects soil structure and soil functions at different scales.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Rickard ◽  
Marcos Paradelo Perez ◽  
Aurelie Bacq-Labreuil ◽  
Andy Neal ◽  
Xiaoxian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Nutrient Addition ◽  
Inorganic Nutrient ◽  
Nutritional Management ◽  
Manure Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lower Porosity

&lt;p&gt;Soil organic matter is associated with important biological and physical functions. There are many theories to interpret this association, as yet there is not a fully developed understanding linking soil properties to nutritional management in arable systems.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We used X-ray computed tomography to analyse soil structure at the core and aggregate scale on the Broadbalk long term experiment (Hertfordshire, England). Here we present results of the treatments that have been under continuous wheat for 175 years. Corresponding to treatments that the only difference between the treatments is the nutrient management regime, with the exception of the baseline, or &amp;#8216;wilderness&amp;#8217; treatment in which the plot was left unmanaged and has returned to mature woodland since 1882. The other nutrient treatments correspond to inorganic fertiliser addition with and without phosphorus, farmyard manure, and no added nutrient.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;At core scale (40 &amp;#181;m resolution) we capture macro pore structures that are responsible for convective flow, while the aggregate scale images (1.5 &amp;#181;m resolution) include structures responsible for retention of water by capillary forces.&amp;#160; Therefore, a comparison of images taken at the two resolutions 1.5 &amp;#181;m and 40 &amp;#181;m provides information on how soil partitions between drainage and storage of water, and therefore on the air water balance under different environmental contexts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The results are presented as a state-space plot of simulated permeability vs. porosity for each treatment. We find that nutrient management resulted in two distinct states at aggregate scale corresponding to water storage potential. Inorganic nutrient management resulted in structures of lower porosity and lower simulated permeability. There was no significant difference between each treatment, or between these treatments and the treatment with no nutrient addition. By comparison, the wilderness and manure treatments had higher porosity and higher permeability, with no significant difference between them.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;At core scale, the results are slightly different. Again, the inorganic nutrient management treatments had lower porosity and simulated permeability, with no significant difference between them, and between them and the treatment with no nutrient addition. However, the manure treatment had a significantly lower porosity and permeability than the wilderness treatment. We conclude that long-term cultivation with organic nutrient management results in a similar capacity for water storage and transport to roots than a wilderness control, but that long-term management using a purely inorganic nutrient regime results in a smaller capacity for water storage and a lower transport rate to roots. Organic inputs, roots and plant detritus ploughed into the soil after harvest had no significant impact. Infiltration potential is highest in the wilderness control, lower for the manure treatment, and lowest for the inorganic nutrient management treatment. Again, inputs of organic nutrients from plants had no significant impact. We interpret these findings in terms of a previously hypothesised self-organising feedback loop between microbial activity and soil structure.&lt;/p&gt;

Rising ecosystem water demand exacerbates the lengthening of tropical dry seasons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Xu ◽  
Xu Lian ◽  
Ingrid Slette ◽  
Hui Yang ◽  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Factor Governing

Abstract The timing and length of the dry season is a key factor governing ecosystem productivity and the carbon cycle of the tropics. Mounting evidence has suggested a lengthening of the dry season with ongoing climate change. However, this conclusion is largely based on changes in precipitation (P) compared to its long-term average (P ̅) and lacks consideration of the simultaneous changes in ecosystem water demand (measured by potential evapotranspiration, Ep, or actual evapotranspiration, E). Using several long-term (1979-2018) observational datasets, we compared changes in tropical dry season length (DSL) and timing (dry season arrival, DSA, and dry season end, DSE) among three common metrics used to define the dry season: P < P ̅, P < Ep, and P < E. We found that all three definitions show that dry seasons have lengthened in much of the tropics since 1979. Among the three definitions, P < E estimates the largest fraction (49.0%) of tropical land area likely experiencing longer dry seasons, followed by P < Ep (41.4%) and P < P ̅ (34.4%). The largest differences in multi-year mean DSL (> 120 days) among the three definitions occurred in the most arid and the most humid regions of the tropics. All definitions and datasets consistently showed longer dry seasons in southern Amazon (due to delayed DSE) and central Africa (due to both earlier DSA and delayed DSE). However, definitions that account for changing water demand estimated longer DSL extension over those two regions. These results indicate that warming-enhanced evapotranspiration exacerbates dry season lengthening and ecosystem water deficit. Thus, it is necessity to account for the evolving water demand of tropical ecosystems when characterizing changes in seasonal dry periods and ecosystem water deficits in an increasingly warmer and drier climate.

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