scholarly journals Suspended solids and bacteria removal mechanisms in ceramic filter and pervious concrete filter: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 325 ◽  
pp. 04006
Author(s):  
Ekha Yogafanny Boulven ◽  
Radianta Triatmadja ◽  
Budi Kamulyan ◽  
Fatchan Nurrochmad ◽  
Intan Supraba
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Pervious Concrete ◽  
Ceramic Filter ◽  
Hydraulic Characteristics ◽  
Pore Connectivity ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Removal Mechanisms ◽  
Poor Water Quality ◽  
Connectivity Distribution ◽  
Bacteria Removal

The need for drinking water with affordable access is increasing nowadays. The poor water quality problems can be solved by several water treatment methods, i.e. ceramic filter (CF) and pervious concrete filter (PCF). Those two mentioned technologies work based on the pores that exist within the filter. This study aimed to review (1) the influence of the material composition of the CF and PCF on hydraulic characteristics (porosity, permeability, pore size, pore structure, pore connectivity/ distribution) and its removal effectiveness, and (2) the removal mechanisms of suspended solids and bacteria based on its hydraulic characteristics. The study reviewed 45 literature, including books, reports, and published articles. The type, mineral, and sources of clay and the type, shape, proportion, and size of combustible materials on CF will affect its hydraulic characteristic. The shape, size, and type of aggregate, the ratio of water to cement, and the ratio of aggregate to cement on PCF will affect its hydraulic characteristics. The removal mechanisms of suspended solids are straining on the surface and trapping on the deadlocked pores. On the other hand, the bacteria removal mechanisms strain the bacteria in the dirt layer and trap the bacteria in the pores.

scholarly journals Length-weight relationships and condition factor of Hyperopisus bebe (Lacepede, 1803) (Actinopterygii: Osteoglossiformes) in River Galma, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 301-305
Author(s):  
Matouke M. Moise
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
B Values ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poor Water Quality ◽  
The Mean

The investigation of length-weight relationship and condition factor are very relevant indices to ascertain the health of fish in the water body. Length-weigh relationship and condition factor of Hyperopisus bebe (Lacepede, 1803) (Actinopterygii: Osteoglossiformes: Mormyridae) in River Galma, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria, were assessed. The mean length and mean weigh in male and female were 26.703 cm +/- 0.51 cm and 25.32 cm +/- 0.898 cm; 158.2 g +/- 10.1 g and 95.91 g +/- 9.26 g, respectively. The exponent or growth pattern 'b' values for male and female were 2.009 and 2.176. The condition factor for male and female were 0.59 and 0.83, respectively. The negative allometric growth pattern and poor condition factor might be due to the poor water quality in the fish ecosystem and should be regarded with concern.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Low-Cost Ceramic Filter for Sustainable Reuse of Urban Stormwater in Arid Environments

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
Md. Shafiquzzaman ◽  
Husnain Haider ◽  
Yousry Mahmoud Ghazaw ◽  
Fawaz Alharbi ◽  
Saleem S. AlSaleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ceramic Filter ◽  
Continuous Mode ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Alum Coagulation ◽  
Ceramic Filtration

Sustainable reuse of urban stormwater is inevitable in the fight against water crises in arid regions. This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a low-cost ceramic filtration process for reuse applications of urban stormwater. Stormwater was collected from a storage pond located in Buraydah (Qassim, Saudi Arabia) for laboratory experiments. The filtration tests were performed in a continuous mode with constant pressure using a low-cost ceramic filter made of clay soil and rice bran. The removal rates of the contaminants (heavy metals) as well as the turbidity, suspended solids, and nutrients of the stormwater were assessed. High removal efficiencies for turbidity (97.4%), suspended solids (97.0%), BOD5 (78.4%), and COD (76.1%) were achieved while low removals were achieved for the nutrients: 19.7% for total nitrogen, 25.3% for nitrate, and 8.6% for phosphate. Removal efficiencies ranged between 36.2% and 99.9% for the heavy metals, i.e., iron, manganese, lead, zinc, nickel, copper, cadmium, selenium, and barium. Contaminant removal rates observed for the ceramic filter were also compared with the alum coagulation process operated in a continuous mode at an optimum alum dose of 50 mg/L. Similar removal behaviors for removal of turbidity, suspended solids, organics, nutrients, and heavy metals suggested that both ceramic filtration and alum coagulation can be effectively used for stormwater treatment. Effluent qualities of both the ceramic filter and alum coagulation met the standards, for recycling/reuse of wastewater, set by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and World Health Organization for unrestricted irrigation and toilet flushing. The study results revealed that ceramic filtration is a low-cost, energy efficient, and easy to maintain technology which can be complimentary to best management practices for stormwater.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Pollutant Removal At the Wastwewater Treatment Plant in Goleniów

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-264
Author(s):  
Anita Jakubaszek
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Treated Sewage

Abstract The article assesses the efficiency of pollutant removal at the sewage treatment plant in Goleniów after modernization of the technological system. The extension and modernization of the existing installation resulted from the need to adapt the treatment plant to accept larger loads of pollutants, improve the parameters of treated sewage discharged to the receiver, and the poor technical condition of the equipment. Before the modernization of the treatment plant, an increase in the loads of COD, BOD5, and periodic total suspended solids in raw sewage was observed as well as a reduction in the efficiency of removing pollutants from the sewage. The efficiency of removing pollutants after modernization was in the range of BOD5 - 94.4 ÷ 99.8%, COD - 89.3 ÷ 98.9%, total suspended solids TSS - 95.3 ÷ 99.7%, total nitrogen - 64.1 ÷ 95.4%, and total phosphorus - 75.4 ÷ 99.4%.

scholarly journals TO THE PROBLEM OF TOTAL EVALUATING OF DREDGING IMPACT ON VARIOUS SYSTEMATIC GROUPS OF AQUATIC BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES OF THE NOVOTROITSK RESERVOIR IN THE STAVROPOL REGION

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
Oleg Sergeyevich Denisenko
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Computer Model ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Biological Resources ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Stavropol Region ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Dredging Impact

The article highlights the poor ecological conditions of the Novotroitsk reservoir in the Stavropol Territory due to its intensive siltation because of the erosion of the banks and riverbed of the Egolik river, forming extensive stagnant zones and waterlogging of individual sections and secondary organic pollution of the reservoir, which necessitated a set of measures for hydromechanical cleaning of the reservoir bottom from silt sediments. There have been given the results of comprehensive studies of the possible impact of dredging by hydro-mechanization using pile-anchor dredger “350-50L” on the aquatic biological resources of the Novotroitsk reservoir. The hydrological, hydrobiological and ichthyological characteristics of the biota of the Novotroitsk reservoir are given, the technological solutions used in the course of dredging are fully described, the influence of the dredging on various systematic groups of hydrobionts of the reservoir is considered. According to the current regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation in the fisheries and saving aquatic biological resources, there has been carried out calculation of harm caused to the aquatic biological resources. In view of the research results, the main features of the negative impact have been identified and the total amount of harm caused to the aquatic biological resources of the Novotroitsk has been calculated reservoir in natural terms. Using a certified computer model of IMRV “Potok” 1.0 there has been conducted simulation mathematical modeling of propagation and sedimentation of additional turbidity. The values of change variability of the suspended solids concentrations depending on the distance, the integral volumes of suspension tails and redeposition areas of turbidity zones on the bottom of the Novotroitsk reservoir relative to the month of conducting the work and to the seizures of the extracted soil have been calculated. Various compensatory measures for restoration of water bioresource losses have been developed.

Manufacture of a low-cost ceramic microporous filter for the elimination of microorganisms causing common diseases

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Simonis ◽  
A. K. Basson
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Slip Casting ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Ceramic Filter ◽  
Water Filter ◽  
Clean Drinking Water

Africa is one of the most water-scarce continents on earth and the lack of potable water is responsible for the death of approximately 4,900 children every day. An effective way of making sure that water is of good quality is by decontaminating it by means of a household ceramic water filter. The low-cost water filters suitable for the removal of suspended solids, pathogenic bacteria and other toxins from drinking water were developed using the traditional slip casting process. The locally produced filter has the advantage of low cost due to the usage of locally available raw materials, labour and expertise. Furthermore, the project provides opportunities for local financing and innovation. The product was tested using water contaminated with high concentrations of selected bacterial cultures as well as with water from local polluted streams. The ceramic filter was found to be highly effective in removing the bacteria and suspended solids from the contaminated water. With correct cleaning and basic maintenance, this filter can effectively provide clean drinking water for rural families affected by polluted surface water sources. This could provide a low-cost solution for the more than 250 million people without access to clean drinking water in Africa.

High-Resolution, Low-Voltage SEM of Cell Wall Regeneration of Yeast Shizosaccharomyces Pombe Protoplasts

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 208-211
Author(s):  
M. Osumi ◽  
N. Yamada ◽  
T. Nagatani
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Cell Wall Regeneration ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Probe Size ◽  
Beam Damage ◽  
Biological Field ◽  
Scanning Electron

Even though many early workers had suggested the use of lower voltages to increase topographic contrast and to reduce specimen charging and beam damage, we did not usually operate in the conventional scanning electron microscope at low voltage because of the poor resolution, especially of bioligical specimens. However, the development of the “in-lens” field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) has led to marked inprovement in resolution, especially in the range of 1-5 kV, within the past year. The probe size has been cumulated to be 0.7nm in diameter at 30kV and about 3nm at 1kV. We have been trying to develop techniques to use this in-lens FESEM at low voltage (LVSEM) for direct observation of totally uncoated biological specimens and have developed the LVSEM method for the biological field.

Artefacts in the x-ray microanalysis of frozen-hydrated biological samples

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 658-659
Author(s):  
Patrick Echlin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Fracture Face ◽  
Detailed Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Morphological Appearance ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Freeze Dried

A number of papers have appeared recently which purport to have carried out x-ray microanalysis on fully frozen hydrated samples. It is important to establish reliable criteria to be certain that a sample is in a fully hydrated state. The morphological appearance of the sample is an obvious parameter because fully hydrated samples lack the detailed structure seen in their freeze dried counterparts. The electron scattering by ice within a frozen-hydrated section and from the surface of a frozen-hydrated fracture face obscures cellular detail. (Fig. 1G and 1H.) However, the morphological appearance alone can be quite deceptive for as Figures 1E and 1F show, parts of frozen-dried samples may also have the poor morphology normally associated with fully hydrated samples. It is only when one examines the x-ray spectra that an assurance can be given that the sample is fully hydrated.

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