scholarly journals Improved image inpainting exemplar-based algorithms by boundary priori-knowledge

2022 ◽  
Vol 355 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Junhong Zhao ◽  
Jintao Tan ◽  
Yaobin Huang ◽  
Chuanlong Lu
Keyword(s):  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Image Inpainting ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Priori Knowledge ◽  
Cultural Relics

Image inpainting plays an important role in restoration of cultural relics, pictures beautification. Criminisi algorithm creates good results in large-area inpainting. However, it does still have some deficiencies such as over-extending. In this paper, two improved algorithms based on prior knowledge of the boundary had been proposed by simulating the idea of manual repairing. An algorithm, by simulating the strategy that the next inpainted pixel will be near to the prior one, named nearer neighbor first algorithm, can void the random bounding of the to-be-inpainted pixle. Another algorithm, by simulating the strategy that the inpainting process, named no-inpainted first algorithm, will be in multiple directions, can void the inpainting process in a single direction. The results reveal that the neighborhood-first algorithm performs better than Criminsi algorithm in repairing the missing structure while the unrepaired-first algorithm performs better than Criminsi algorithm in repairing the missing texture.

EFFECTS OF LANGUAGE AND PRIOR KNOWLEDGE LEVELS ON HYPERTEXT READING COMPREHENSION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kshema Jose
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Language Competence ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Reading Order ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Online Texts ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Better Than

<p>This study observed how two hypertext features – absence of a linear or author-specified order and availability of multiple reading aids – influence reading comprehension processes of ESL readers. Studies with native or highly proficient users of English, have suggested that readers reading hypertexts comprehend better than readers reading print texts. This was attributed to (i) presence of hyperlinks that provide access to additional information that can potentially help overcome comprehension obstacles and (ii) the absence of an author-imposed reading order that helps readers exercise cognitive flexibility. An aspect that remains largely un-researched is how well readers with low language competence comprehend hypertexts. This research sought to initiate research in the area by exploring the question: Do all ESL readers comprehend a hypertext better than a print text?</p> <p>Keeping in mind the fact that a majority of readers reading online texts in English can be hindered by three types of comprehension deficits – low levels of language proficiency, non-availability of prior knowledge, or both – this study investigated how two characteristic features of hypertext, viz., linking to additional information and non-linearity in presentation of information, affect reading comprehension of ESL readers. </p> <p>Two types of texts that occur in the electronic medium – linear or pre-structured texts and non-linear or self-navigating texts, were used in this study. Based on a comparison of subjects’ comprehension outcomes and free recalls, text factors and reader factors that can influence hypertext reading comprehension of ESL readers are identified. </p> Contradictory to what many researchers believe, results indicate that self-navigating hypertexts might not promote deep comprehension in all ESL readers.

scholarly journals A large-area blackbody for in-flight calibration of an infrared interferometer deployed on board a long-duration balloon for stratospheric research

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 4757-4762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedhelm Olschewski ◽  
Christian Monte ◽  
Albert Adibekyan ◽  
Max Reiniger ◽  
Berndt Gutschwager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Scale ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Calibration Source ◽  
Aperture Diameter ◽  
International Temperature Scale ◽  
International Temperature ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. The deployment of the imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer GLORIA (Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere) on board a long-duration balloon for stratospheric research requires a blackbody for in-flight calibration in order to provide traceability to the International Temperature Scale (ITS-90) to ensure comparability with the results of other experiments and over time. GLORIA, which has been deployed onboard various research aircraft such as the Russian M55 Geophysica or the German HALO in the past, shall also be used for detailed atmospheric measurements in the stratosphere up to 40 km altitude. The instrument uses a two-dimensional detector array and an imaging optics with a large aperture diameter of 36 mm and an opening angle of 4.07∘ × 4.07∘ for infrared limb observations. To overfill the field of view (FOV) of the instrument, a large-area blackbody radiation sources (125 mm × 125 mm) is required for in-flight calibration. In order to meet the requirements regarding the scientific goals of the GLORIA missions, the radiance temperature of the blackbody calibration source has to be determined to better than 100 mK and the spatial temperature uniformity shall be better than 150 mK. As electrical resources on board a stratospheric balloon are very limited, the latent heat of the phase change of a eutectic material is utilized for temperature stabilization of the calibration source, such that the blackbody has a constant temperature of about −32 ∘C corresponding to a typical temperature observed in the stratosphere. The Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Research at the University of Wuppertal designed and manufactured a prototype of the large-area blackbody for in-flight calibration of an infrared interferometer deployed on board a long-duration balloon for stratospheric research. This newly developed calibration source was tested under lab conditions as well as in a climatic and environmental test chamber in order to verify its performance especially under flight conditions. At the PTB (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt), the German national metrology institute, the spatial radiance distribution of the blackbody was determined and traceability to the International Temperature Scale (ITS-90) has been assured. In this paper the design and performance of the balloon-borne blackbody (BBB) is presented.

scholarly journals Design and Demonstration of Large Scale Cu2O Photocathodes with Metal Grid Structure for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7422
Author(s):  
Min-Kyu Son
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Grid Structure ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Intrinsic Conductivity ◽  
Metal Grid ◽  
Splitting System ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Better Than

Upscaling of photoelectrode for a practical photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting system is still challenging because the PEC performance of large-scale photoelectrode is significantly low, compared to the lab scale photoelectrode. In an effort to overcome this challenge, sputtered gold (Au) and copper (Cu) grid lines were introduced to improve the PEC performance of large-scale cuprous oxide (Cu2O) photocathode in this work. It was demonstrated that Cu grid lines are more effective than Au grid lines to improve the PEC performance of large-scale Cu2O photocathode because its intrinsic conductivity and quality of grid lines are better than ones containing Au grid lines. As a result, the PEC performance of a 25-cm2 scaled Cu2O photocathode with Cu grid lines was almost double than one without grid lines, resulting in an improved charge transport in the large area substrate by Cu grid lines. Finally, a 50-cm2 scaled Cu2O photocathode with Cu grid lines was tested in an outdoor condition under natural sun. This is the first outdoor PEC demonstration of large-scale Cu2O photocathode with Cu grid lines, which gives insight into the development of efficient upscaled PEC photoelectrode.

scholarly journals Negative Pressure Waves Based High Resolution Leakage Localization Method Using Piezoceramic Transducers and Multiple Temporal Convolutions

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangmin Zhang ◽  
Siu Chun Michael Ho ◽  
Linsheng Huo ◽  
Junxiao Zhu
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Signal Duration ◽  
Leakage Detection ◽  
Localization Algorithm ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Leakage Area ◽  
Better Than

The negative pressure wave (NPW) signals generated by a pipeline leakage often have a long signal duration. When these signals are utilized to compute the leakage position, the long signal duration will result in a large area being considered as leakage area. The localization resolution is low. A novel high-resolution localization algorithm is developed for pipeline leakage detection using piezoceramic transducers in this paper. The proposed algorithm utilizes multiple temporal convolutions to decrease the localization functional values at the points close to the leakage, in order to reduce the range of the leakage area revealed by the proposed algorithm. As a result, the localization resolution is improved. A measured experiment was conducted to study the proposed algorithm. In the experiment, the proposed algorithm was used to monitor a 55.8 m pressurized pipeline with two controllable valves and two Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) sensors. With the aid of the piezoceramic sensor, the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm results in a resolution which is better than that of the traditional method.

scholarly journals A large-area blackbody for inflight calibration of an infrared interferometer deployed on board a long-duration balloon for stratospheric research

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedhelm Olschewski ◽  
Christian Monte ◽  
Albert Adibekyan ◽  
Max Reiniger ◽  
Berndt Gutschwager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Scale ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Calibration Source ◽  
Aperture Diameter ◽  
International Temperature Scale ◽  
International Temperature ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. The deployment of the imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer GLORIA (Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere) on board a long-duration balloon for stratospheric research requires a blackbody for inflight calibration in order to provide traceability to the International Temperature Scale (ITS-90) to ensure comparability with the results of other experiments and over time. GLORIA, which has been deployed onboard various research aircraft such as the Russian M55 Geophysica or the German HALO in the past, shall also be used for detailed atmospheric measurements in the stratosphere up to 40 km altitude. The instrument uses a two-dimensional detector array and an imaging optics with a large aperture diameter of 36 mm and an opening angle of 4.07° × 4.07° for infrared limb observations. To overfill the field-of-view (FOV) of the instrument, a large-area blackbody radiation sources (125 mm × 125 mm) is required for inflight calibration. In order to meet the requirements regarding the scientific goals of the GLORIA missions, the radiance temperature of the blackbody calibration source has to be determined to better than 100 mK and the spatial uniformity shall be better than 100 mK. Since electrical resources onboard a stratospheric balloon are very limited, the latent heat of the phase change of a eutectic material is utilized for temperature stabilization of the calibration source, such that the blackbody has a constant temperature of about −32 °C corresponding to a typical temperature observed in the stratosphere. The Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Research at the University ofWuppertal designed and manufactured a prototype of the large-area blackbody for inflight calibration of an infrared interferometer deployed onboard a long-duration balloon for stratospheric research. This newly developed calibration source was tested under lab conditions as well as in a climatic and environmental test chamber in order to verify its performance especially under flight conditions. At PTB (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt), the German national metrology institute the spectral and spatial radiance distribution of the blackbody was determined and traceability to the International Temperature Scale (ITS-90) has been assured. In this paper the design and performance of the Balloon-borne BlackBody (BBB) is presented.

scholarly journals A clerical error provides a unique opportunity to study the effect of previously seen exam questions on exam results

2016 ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
T J Prior ◽  
M Lorch
Keyword(s):  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Working Through ◽  
Short Survey ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Better Than

Due to a clerical error identical chemistry exam papers were set two years running. In the second year that the paper was used it was distributed as a ‘past paper’ for use as a revision aid, and lecturers worked through all the questions during classes. The students were also provided with model answers. Despite this, the cohort of students that had seen and reviewed the questions (n=50) performed no better than the previous year’s students (n=68) who had no prior knowledge of the questions. After the mistake was discovered the students were given a short survey to assess their reactions to the paper. Most thought the practice paper had helped them revise, furthermore they did not notice that they had already seen the exam paper. The students’ results and reactions shed doubt on the value of working through exam questions in lessons.

Confocal Raman Line-Scanned Imaging of Complex Geological and Histological Thin Sections

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 817-818
Author(s):  
Fran Adar ◽  
Roussel Bernard ◽  
Alian Wang ◽  
Shari Hawi ◽  
Kasem Nithipathikom
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Optical Radiation ◽  
Raman Band ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Chemical Imaging ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Chemical Image ◽  
Better Than

Chemical imaging of complex multi-component materials has important potential for the analyst in many fields of research. Raman imaging is of particular interest for several reasons. The Raman spectra contain detailed information on chemical species and crystalline phase. Because the Raman effect is excited by optical radiation, the spatial resolution, which is proportional to the wavelength of the light, is better than 1 μm. and with near field optical techniques currently under development, there is potential for even higher spatial resolution in the chemical image.The methods used to produce an image fall into essentially two categories - global imaging and confocal mapping. When creating global images, a large area of the sample is bathed in laser light. The light scattered by the sample is filtered to select a Raman band, and then that light is used to create an image of the sample on a two-dimensional detector.

scholarly journals Robust regression of enzyme kinetic data

1986 ◽  
Vol 234 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Cornish-Bowden ◽  
L Endrenyi
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Kinetic Data ◽  
Robust Regression ◽  
Error Distribution ◽  
Enzyme Kinetic ◽  
Substrate Kinetics ◽  
Better Than

A method described previously [Cornish-Bowden & Endrenyi (1981) Biochem. J. 193, 1005-1008] for fitting theoretical equations to enzyme kinetic data without prior knowledge of weights or error distribution has been tested by computer simulation. With the equations for various kinds of linear inhibition as an example, the method performed well under all of the conditions examined, giving results that were often much better than those given by widely used least-squares alternatives, and were never appreciably worse. Although equations for two-substrate kinetics were not explicitly tested, the results for inhibition equations can be generalized to include two-substrate equations because the two are formally equivalent for simulation purposes. As a check on the results with inhibition equations the method was also tested for fitting bell-shaped pH-activity profiles and gave correspondingly good results.

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS METODE DRILL TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA DITINJAU DARI KEMAMPUAN AWAL SISWA

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susiana Pujiastuti ◽  
Esti Harini
Keyword(s):  
Student Achievement ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Testing Technique ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Learning Mathematics ◽  
Improve Student Achievement ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Better Than

Abstract: This study held to improve determine the differences in student achievement in drill methods and conventional learning, to determine learning achievement which one is better among students who have prior knowledge of high, medium, and low, to determine whether there is an interaction between learning methods and prior knowledge on learning achievement. This study was a quasi-experimental research with the population and a sample of 40 students. The sampling technique with saturated sampling. The validity of the items with product moment and reliability with KR-20. Hypothesis testing technique with two way analysis of variance. The results of this study are: learning with drill method is more effective than the conventional learning (FA>Ftable); student achievement with high study prior knowledge better than students with moderate and low prior knowledge (FB>Ftable); there is no interaction between teaching methods and students' prior knowledge for learning achievement (FAB<Ftabel). Thus, from the results of this study are learning mathematics by using the drill method can be used to improve student achievement.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN PENGAJARAN DAN PENGETAHUAN AWAL SISWA TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERKOMUNIKASI DALAM PEMAHAMAN MATERI PELAJARAN EKONOMI BAGI SISWA KELAS VII

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
ADI SUPRAYITNO
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Junior High Schools ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Preliminary Survey ◽  
Equivalent Control ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling ◽  
Better Than

In the Actifity<strong> </strong>The purpose of this study is to describe the effect of th implementation of  based on REE instruction and regular Economical instruction and prior knowledge on Economical communication capabilities and understanding of grade 7 Sunior High School (SMP) students.  The study was carried out through a preliminary survey continuedby an experiment using factorial design with non-equivalent control group of Junior High Schools at Madiun cities.  The samples were choosen by cluster random sampling technique. The data were analyzed by using multivariat nalysis of covariance (MANCOVA) factorial 2 x 2.  This study showed that, for achievement of Economical communication capabilities and understanding, Economical instruction with REE was better than regular Economical instruction, the prior knowledge had a positive effec, and they was no interaction effect between Economical intruction (based on REE and regular) and prior knowledge (high and low).

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