scholarly journals Epidemiologie und Kontrollmaßnahmen bei COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (10) ◽  
pp. 670-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf Müller ◽  
Florian Neuhann ◽  
Oliver Razum
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Ältere Menschen

ZusammenfassungDie Pandemie des Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), die durch das Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) verursacht wird, begann im Dezember 2019 in China. SARS-CoV-2 ist durch Tröpfcheninfektion leicht übertragbar. Nach einer Inkubationszeit von 1–14 Tagen zeigt COVID-19 in 80 % der beobachteten Fälle einen leichten und in 20 % einen schweren Verlauf, bei 0,3–5,8 % Letalität. Ältere Menschen und Menschen mit Grunderkrankungen haben ein höheres Risiko für schwere Verläufe mit Beatmungspflicht. Es gibt bisher weder wirksame Medikamente noch eine Impfung, somit stehen nur Public-Health-Interventionen wie einerseits physisches Abstandhalten und Hygienemaßnahmen sowie andererseits gezieltes Testen gefolgt von Isolations- und Quarantänemaßnahmen zur Verfügung. China hat gezeigt, dass ein maximaler Einsatz der Maßnahmen die Epidemie kontrollieren kann. Der weitere Verlauf und auch die Konsequenzen für die Weltwirtschaft sind zurzeit noch nicht klar vorhersehbar.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence among Healthcare Workers in General Hospitals and Clinics in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3786
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Yoshihara ◽  
Kazuya Ito ◽  
Masayoshi Zaitsu ◽  
Eunhee Chung ◽  
Izumi Aoyagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
General Population ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
General Hospitals ◽  
Second Wave

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a serious public health problem worldwide. In general, healthcare workers are considered to be at higher risk of COVID-19 infection. However, the prevalence of COVID-19 among healthcare workers in Japan is not well characterized. In this study, we aimed to examine the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies among 2160 healthcare workers in hospitals and clinics that are not designated to treat COVID-19 patients in Japan. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G was 1.2% in August and October 2020 (during and after the second wave of the pandemic in Japan), which is relatively higher than that in the general population in Japan (0.03–0.91%). Because of the higher risk of COVID-19 infection, healthcare workers should be the top priority for further social support and vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Einsamkeit im Pflegeheim – Erleben und Maßnahmen zur Verringerung

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Plattner ◽  
Cornelia Brandstötter ◽  
Piret Paal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Ältere Menschen

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Public Health und Gesundheitsökonomie betrachten Einsamkeit als einen wichtigen Einflussfaktor auf die Gesundheit und Lebensqualität aller Menschen. Für ältere Menschen kann Einsamkeit als evtl. wichtigste Determinante der Gesundheit betrachtet werden. Ziel der Arbeit und Fragestellungen Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit sollen das Erleben von Einsamkeit aus der Perspektive von Bewohner*innen der stationären Langzeitpflege beschrieben und Interventionen zur Verringerung von Einsamkeit durch Pflegepersonen aufgezeigt werden. Material und Methode Systematische Literaturrecherche. Ergebnisse und Diskussion Über die eigene Einsamkeit zu sprechen, ist für viele Bewohner*innen nicht leicht. Die Ausprägungen der Einsamkeit variieren vom Alleinsein über Langeweile bis zu dem Gefühl, sich nicht zu Hause zu fühlen. Die Maßnahmen zur Reduktion von Einsamkeit reichen über die Anwendung von Lachyoga, tiergestützter Therapie bis zu technologischen Maßnahmen oder dem Einsatz von Freiwilligen. Zusammenfassung Als zentral und am wirkungsvollsten haben sich jene Interventionen erwiesen, welche die spirituelle Ebene des Beziehungsaufbaus und Vertrauen fokussieren.

Preventive aspect of ayurveda and yoga towards newly emerging disease COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjeet S. Sawant ◽  
Bharat D. Zinjurke ◽  
Sandeep V. Binorkar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Prophylactic Therapy ◽  
Current Line ◽  
Therapeutic Aspect ◽  
The Past

Abstract The ongoing coronavirus pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV 2) and unique in various facets. The earlier experience from the past severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemics seem to be insufficient and there is need for better strategies in public health and medical care. Ayurved & Yog are well known for their preventive and therapeutic aspect, but not getting utilized properly for prevention of Covid 19 crisis which may also be helpful as supportive therapy along with current line of management. This paper is aimed at unrevealing the role of Ayurved and Yoga guidelines established by Department of AYUSH for prevention from SARS-CoV-2 by providing help to improving the quality of supportive/prophylactic therapy in relation with their immunity.

scholarly journals Vitamin D, SARS-CoV-2 and Causal Associations in Transversal Studies: The Time-Series Analysis to Reveal Potential Confounders. Comment on Gaudio et al. Vitamin D Levels Are Reduced at the Time of Hospital Admission in Sicilian SARS-CoV-2-Positive Patients. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 3491

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6793
Author(s):  
Cristiano Ialongo ◽  
Antonella Farina ◽  
Raffaella Labriola ◽  
Antonio Angeloni ◽  
Emanuela Anastasi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
The State ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Time Of Admission

We read with great interest the paper by Gaudio and colleagues on vitamin D and on the state of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at the time of admission [...]

scholarly journals Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Strategies and Nucleoside Analogues

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
Robert J. Geraghty ◽  
Matthew T. Aliota ◽  
Laurent F. Bonnac
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Nucleoside Analogues ◽  
The Family ◽  
Antiviral Nucleoside

The emergence or re-emergence of viruses with epidemic and/or pandemic potential, such as Ebola, Zika, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 1 and 2 (SARS and SARS-CoV-2) viruses, or new strains of influenza represents significant human health threats due to the absence of available treatments. Vaccines represent a key answer to control these viruses. However, in the case of a public health emergency, vaccine development, safety, and partial efficacy concerns may hinder their prompt deployment. Thus, developing broad-spectrum antiviral molecules for a fast response is essential to face an outbreak crisis as well as for bioweapon countermeasures. So far, broad-spectrum antivirals include two main categories: the family of drugs targeting the host-cell machinery essential for virus infection and replication, and the family of drugs directly targeting viruses. Among the molecules directly targeting viruses, nucleoside analogues form an essential class of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs. In this review, we will discuss the interest for broad-spectrum antiviral strategies and their limitations, with an emphasis on virus-targeted, broad-spectrum, antiviral nucleoside analogues and their mechanisms of action.

OBESITY IN SARS-COV-2 INFECTION: LITERATURE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Donizete Tavares Da Silva ◽  
Priscila De Sousa Barros Lima ◽  
Renato Sampaio Mello Neto ◽  
Gustavo Magalhães Valente ◽  
Débora Dias Cabral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

In March 2020, the World Health Organization (1) declared COVID-19 as a pandemic and a threat to global public health (2). The virus mainly affects the lungs and can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In addition, coronavirus 2 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARSCOV2) also has devastating effects on other important organs, including the circulatory system, brain, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys and liver

scholarly journals Duration and distance of exposure are important predictors of transmission among community contacts of Ontario SARS cases

2007 ◽  
Vol 135 (6) ◽  
pp. 914-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. REA ◽  
J. LAFLÈCHE ◽  
S. STALKER ◽  
B. K. GUARDA ◽  
H. SHAPIRO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Source Case ◽  
Contact Data ◽  
Single Well

SUMMARYWe report attack rates and contact-related predictors among community contacts of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) cases from the 2003 Toronto-area outbreak. Community contact data was extracted from public health records for single, well-defined exposures to a SARS case. In total, 8662 community-acquired exposures resulted in 61 probable cases; a crude attack rate of 0·70% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·54–0·90]. Persons aged 55–69 years were at higher risk of acquiring SARS (1·14%) than those either younger (0·60%) or older (0·70%). In multivariable analysis exposures for at least 30 min at a distance of ⩽1 m increased the likelihood of becoming a SARS case 20·4-fold (95% CI 11·8–35·1). Risk related to duration of illness in the source case at time of exposure was greatest for illness duration of 7–10 days (rate ratio 3·4, 95% CI 1·9–6·1). Longer and closer proximity exposures incurred the highest rate of disease. Separate measures of time and distance from source cases should be added to minimum datasets for the assessment of interventions for SARS and other emerging diseases.

scholarly journals A framework for predicting potential host ranges of pathogenic viruses based on receptor ortholog analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guifang Du ◽  
Yang Ding ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Xuejun Wang ◽  
Junting Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Diverse Species ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses ◽  
Key Residues ◽  
Infection Experiments

AbstractViral zoonoses are a serious threat to public health and global security, as reflected by the current scenario of the growing number of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cases. However, as pathogenic viruses are highly diverse, identification of their host ranges remains a major challenge. Here, we present a combined computational and experimental framework, called REceptor ortholog-based POtential virus hoST prediction (REPOST), for the prediction of potential virus hosts. REPOST first selects orthologs from a diverse species by identity and phylogenetic analyses. Secondly, these orthologs is classified preliminarily as permissive or non-permissive type by infection experiments. Then, key residues are identified by comparing permissive and non-permissive orthologs. Finally, potential virus hosts are predicted by a key residue–specific weighted module. We performed REPOST on SARS-CoV-2 by studying angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 orthologs from 287 vertebrate animals. REPOST efficiently narrowed the range of potential virus host species (with 95.74% accuracy).

COVID 19 and its management

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-121
Author(s):  
Subhashis Debnath ◽  
Runa Chakravorty ◽  
Donita Devi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

In December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2, a novel coronavirus, initiated an outbreak of pneumonia from Wuhan in China, which rapidly spread worldwide. The outbreak was declared as “a public health emergency of international concern” by the WHO on January 30, 2020, and as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The disease is transmitted by inhalation or contact with infected droplets and the incubation period ranges from 2 to 14 d. The symptoms are usually fever, cough, sore throat, breathlessness, fatigue, malaise among others. The disease is mild in most people; in some (usually the elderly and those with comorbidities), it may progress to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi organ dysfunction. Many people are asymptomatic. The virus spreads faster than its two ancestors the SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), but has lower fatality.

Interaction of serum proteins with SARS-CoV-2 RBD

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue-wen Yin ◽  
Yan-jing Sheng ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Yu-qiang Ma ◽  
Hong-ming Ding
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis

The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a worldwide public health crisis. When the SARS-CoV-2 enters the biological fluids...

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