Malignant Pleural Effusions: Management Options

AbstractMalignant pleural effusion (MPE) represents advanced metastatic malignancy and is associated with poor median survival. Incidence remains high and continues to rise, in part due to changing population demographics. This therefore represents a significant health care burden. Management is predominantly palliative in nature and multiple interventions are available within conventional treatment paradigms, all of which are proven to result in statistically significant patient benefit. This article further explores the methods available in the management of MPE along with the pitfalls, complications, and alternatives. Recent advances within the field are discussed with an exploration of likely future directions, including the role of ultrasound as a prospective predictor and the role of intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy.

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On Future Directions in Pathology

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100053991 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 274-277

Author(s):

Benjamin F. Trump ◽

Irene K. Berezesky ◽

Raymond T. Jones

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Clinical Pathology ◽

Future Directions ◽

Diagnostic Pathology ◽

The Past ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Organ Systems ◽

The Many

The role of electron microscopy and associated techniques is assured in diagnostic pathology. At the present time, most of the progress has been made on tissues examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with light microscopy (LM) and by cytochemistry using both plastic and paraffin-embedded materials. As mentioned elsewhere in this symposium, this has revolutionized many fields of pathology including diagnostic, anatomic and clinical pathology. It began with the kidney; however, it has now been extended to most other organ systems and to tumor diagnosis in general. The results of the past few years tend to indicate the future directions and needs of this expanding field. Now, in addition to routine EM, pathologists have access to the many newly developed methods and instruments mentioned below which should aid considerably not only in diagnostic pathology but in investigative pathology as well.

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Suva Residents’ Views on Cancer, Diabetes and HIV in The Fiji Times

The Journal of Pacific Studies ◽

10.33318/jpacs.2020.40(1)-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Farzana Gounder

Keyword(s):

Chronic Illnesses ◽

Structural Reforms ◽

Letters To The Editor ◽

Medical Responsibility ◽

Grassroots Support ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Socially Relevant ◽

Situated Approach ◽

Significant Health

The burden of preventable diseases is increasing in the South Pacific Island Countries and Territories. In Fiji, significant media attention and national finances are spent on public dissemination of the modifiable risk factors of chronic illnesses. However, little is known about lay societal perceptions of chronic illnesses and of people living with these illnesses. This preliminary study takes an area-situated approach to lay knowledge and examines Suva residents’ moral evaluations associated with socially significant health concerns in Fiji. Using the case studies of HIV, cancer, and diabetes, the research employs content analysis to examine 144 Suva residents’ Letters to the Editor, published between 2000 and 2019 in The Fiji Times. The findings indicate that letter writers on chronic illnesses are power sensitive, interested in governmental responsibility, and aware of the role of stigma in creating inequitable health outcomes. The study’s findings locate chronic illness as not only a medical responsibility but also a social justice and human rights concern that requires a multisectoral approach, with community-tailored responses at the heart of all discussions. The lay-societal recognition of the three illnesses as being socially relevant suggests grassroots support for policies directed towards structural reforms for the prevention and management of these illnesses.

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Role of Fibrinolytic Therapy in Empyema Thoracis – A Hospital Based one year Cross Sectional Study

International Journal of Scientific Research ◽

10.15373/22778179/feb2013/116 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 345-350

Author(s):

Dr. Girish.L Dandagi ◽

◽

Venkat kalyana kumar. P ◽

Dr. Dr.Isaac Mathew ◽

Dr. Dr.G S Gaude Dr. Dr.G S Gaude

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Fibrinolytic Therapy ◽

Empyema Thoracis ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

One Year

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The Role of Protein Kinase A and A-Kinase Anchoring Proteins in Modulating T-Cell Activation: Progress and Future Directions

Critical Reviews™ in Immunology ◽

10.1615/critrevimmunol.v26.i2.20 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 113-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Robynn V. Schillace ◽

Daniel W. Carr

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Protein Kinase ◽

Protein Kinase A ◽

T Cell Activation ◽

Cell Activation ◽

Future Directions ◽

Anchoring Proteins ◽

Kinase A

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Alcohol Use Disorder

10.1093/oso/9780190676001.003.0005 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Igor Ponomarev

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

Critical Discussion ◽

Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽

Future Directions ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Early Life Exposures ◽

The Brain ◽

Epigenetic Research

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is characterized by clinically significant impairments in health and social function. Epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation may provide an attractive explanation for how early life exposures to alcohol contribute to the development of AUD and exert lifelong effects on the brain. This chapter provides a critical discussion of the role of epigenetic mechanisms in AUD etiology and the potential of epigenetic research to improve diagnosis, evaluate risks for alcohol-induced pathologies, and promote development of novel therapies for the prevention and treatment of AUD. Challenges of the current epigenetic approaches and future directions are also discussed.

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Epilogue

10.1093/oso/9780198725022.003.0010 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Bruno and

Keyword(s):

Sensory Processing ◽

Multisensory Processing ◽

Multisensory Perception ◽

Future Directions ◽

Life Problems ◽

Multisensory Interactions ◽

Contemporary Work ◽

New Perspective

Multisensory interactions in perception are pervasive and fundamental, as we have documented throughout this book. In this final chapter, we propose that contemporary work on multisensory processing is a paradigm shift in perception science, calling for a radical reconsideration of empirical and theoretical questions within an entirely new perspective. In making our case, we emphasize that multisensory perception is the norm, not the exception, and we remark that multisensory interactions can occur early in sensory processing. We reiterate the key notions that multisensory interactions come in different kinds and that principles of multisensory processing must be considered when tackling multisensory daily-life problems. We discuss the role of unisensory processing in a multisensory world, and we conclude by suggesting future directions for the multisensory field.

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Cardiac interoception in neurological conditions and its relevance for dimensional approaches

10.1093/oso/9780198811930.003.0010 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Adrián Yoris ◽

Adolfo M. García ◽

Paula Celeste Salamone ◽

Lucas Sedeño ◽

Indira García-Cordero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Potential Role ◽

Neurocognitive Deficits ◽

Future Directions ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Neurological Conditions ◽

Key Aspects ◽

The Relationship ◽

General Source ◽

Neuropsychiatric Conditions

Dimensional and transdiagnostic approaches have revealed multiple cognitive/emotional alterations shared by several neuropsychiatric conditions. While this has been shown for externally triggered neurocognitive processes, the disruption of interoception across neurological disorders remains poorly understood. This chapter aims to fill this gap while proposing cardiac interoception as a potential common biomarker across disorders. It focuses on key aspects of interoception, such as the mechanisms underlying different interoceptive dimensions; the relationship among interoception, emotion, and social cognition; and the roles of different interoceptive pathways. It considers behavioral and brain evidence in the context of an experimental and clinical agenda to evaluate the potential role of interoception as a predictor of clinical outcomes, a marker of neurocognitive deficits across diseases, and a general source of insights for breakthroughs in the treatment and prevention of multiple disorders. Finally, future directions to improve the dimensional and transdiagnostic assessment of interoception are outlined.

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The Hormonal Underpinnings of Sexual Communication

The Oxford Handbook of the Physiology of Interpersonal Communication ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190679446.013.14 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 234-260

Author(s):

Amanda Denes ◽

Anuraj Dhillon ◽

Ambyre L. P. Ponivas ◽

Kara L. Winkler

Keyword(s):

Interpersonal Relationships ◽

Sexual Communication ◽

Receptor Gene ◽

Oxytocin Receptor ◽

Communication Research ◽

Future Directions ◽

Oxytocin Receptor Gene ◽

Broad Domain ◽

Relational Outcomes

Sexual communication is a pivotal part of interpersonal relationships; recent research reveals associations between sexual communication and various relational outcomes. Within the broad domain of sexual communication, current scholarship specifically addresses the role of postsex communication in relationships and its links to physiological and genetic markers. Given these advancements, the present chapter offers an overview of research linking physiology, hormones, and genes to communication after sexual activity. The chapter first presents reviews of two key hormones in sexual communication research: testosterone (T) and oxytocin (O). The oxytocin receptor gene and its link to social behavior broadly, and sexual behavior specifically, is also explored. The chapter then offers a review of several theories relevant to understanding the hormonal underpinnings of sexual communication, as well as future directions for research exploring sexual communication and physiology.

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Cognitive Treatment for OCD

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376210.013.0076 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Maureen L. Whittal ◽

Melisa Robichaud

Keyword(s):

Term Treatment ◽

Future Directions ◽

Cognitive Treatment ◽

Long Term Treatment ◽

Inflated Responsibility ◽

And Control ◽

The Relationship ◽

Control Of Thoughts

The cornerstone of cognitive treatment (CT) for OCD is based upon the knowledge that unwanted intrusions are essentially a universal experience. As such, it is not the presence of the intrusion that is problematic but rather the associated meaning or interpretation. Treatment is flexible, depending upon the nature of the appraisals and beliefs, but can include strategies focused on inflated responsibility and overestimation of threat, importance and control of thoughts, and the need for perfectionism and certainty. The role of concealment and the relationship to personal values are important maintaining and etiological factors. The short-term and long-term treatment outcome is reviewed, along with predictors of treatment response and mechanisms of action, and the chapter concludes with future directions regarding CT for OCD.

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