A soil sulfur test for pastures and crops

Soil Research ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Blair ◽  
N Chinoim ◽  
RDB Lefroy ◽  
GC Anderson ◽  
GJ Crocker
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Testing ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Monocalcium Phosphate ◽  
Soil Sulfur ◽  
Test Level ◽  
Similar Soil

Soil testing for S has generally been unsuccessful when using extractants that remove only sulfate from the soil. An assessment of a range of extractants to predict S status was undertaken on soil samples taken from 18 field trials in northern N.S.W. The extractants were water, 0.01M monocalcium phosphate (MCP) and 0.5M NaHCO3, 0.25 M KCl heated for 3 h at 100, 80, 40, or 25�C. The highest correlation between soil S test level and % maximum yield was found in the 40�C KCl extractant (r2 = 0.73). This compares with an r2 value of 0.47 for the widely used MCP extractant. A study using a soil from a pot experiment where rice was grown showed that the KCl extract removed more S from the HI reducible (ester sulfate) fraction than did MCP. This S fraction is believed to be important in supplying S to plants. A comparison of the specific radioactivity of soil extractants and rice plants confirmed that the KCl 40�C extract removes S from similar soil pools as do plants. The procedure is recommended for wider evaluation.

Estimating the long-term residual value of zinc oxide for growing wheat in a sandy duplex soil

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Brennan ◽  
M. D. A. Bolland
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Residual Value ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
The Relationship

A long-term (17-year duration) field experiment was started on newly cleared zinc (Zn)-deficient sandy duplex soil (sand with lateritic ironstone gravel over clay) in south-western Australia that had never been fertilised to measure the residual value of Zn oxide for growing spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). When wheat was grown in the field experiment different amounts of Zn were applied once only to plots in 1983, 1984, 1986, 1990, 1992, 1996, 1997, and 2000. When the field experiment was terminated, we collected soil samples from the top 0.10 m of the field plots to do a glasshouse experiment reported here. In the pot experiment 5 amounts of Zn were applied to subsamples of soil collected from each plot of the field experiment. When a yield increase (response) to the freshly applied Zn was obtained in the pot study the maximum yield plateau for the relationship between yield of 54-day-old dried wheat shoots and the amount of Zn freshly applied was similar regardless of when and how much Zn was applied in the field. The amount of Zn freshly applied to soil in the pots required to produce 90% of the maximum yield of dried wheat shoots was determined for soil previously treated with no Zn or different amounts of Zn in different years in the field to provide DM90 values. The DM90 values were largest when no Zn was applied in the field, decreased as more Zn was applied in the field and, for each amount of Zn applied in the field, increased as the number of years from application of Zn increased. For soil treated with 0.5 and 1.0 kg Zn/ha in the field the relationship between DM90 values and the number of years since Zn was applied in the field was approximately linear. The projected number of years taken for soil previously treated with Zn in the field to require the same DM90 values as soil samples collected from the nil-Zn treatments in the field was 23 and 40 years for the 0.5 and 1.0 kg Zn/ha treatments, respectively. In the pot experiment the Zn concentration in plant parts that was related to 90% of the total yield of dried wheat shoots (critical Zn concentration) was ~12 mg/kg for youngest mature growth (YMG) and 22 mg/kg for rest of shoots (ROS). The relationship between yield of dried wheat shoots and DTPA soil test Zn before sowing was similar for all the Zn treatments applied in both the field and pot studies, and the critical value was ~0.17 mg Zn/kg soil.

Screening of Antagonistic Bacterium to Control Konjac Soft Rot

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 4427-4430
Author(s):  
Guo Hua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Erwinia Carotovora ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Antagonistic Bacterium

Konjac soft rot is a bottleneck limiting konjac yield caused by bacterial strain of Erwinia carotovora var. carotovora. In order to control konjac soft rot, soil samples were collected, and each sample was spread on surface of a plate seeded with E. carotovora var. carotovora in advance. Strains expressing antagonistic activities were selected and then isolated with streak plate method. One bacterial strain (named Z10) was obtained from soil by this method. In field trials, strain Z10 still showed antagonistic effect against the bacterial pathogen.

scholarly journals Crop Fabrication

2021 ◽  
pp. 353-357
Author(s):  
Monalisa Sonkusale ◽  
Roshni Lonbale ◽  
Vaishnavi Battuwar ◽  
Prof. Prasanna Lohe
Keyword(s):  
Initial Level ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Testing ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Soil Components ◽  
Manual Testing ◽  
Financial Losses

In India farming is done by traditional methods. Farmers plants crops traditionally without having the knowledge about the contents of the soil and as a result farmer do not gain sufficient profit. The existing method of soil testing is the manual testing starts which by taking soil samples and then sending it to laboratories. The manual process is time consuming and also not feasible. Due to human intervention, there are chances of human errors and so farmers may receive incorrect report. Thus, Development of agriculture using technology is much needed as to minimize the financial losses suffered by the farmers. Thus, our proposed module will provide a brief overview of soil components and other parameters affecting the growth of a crop. Our module is a complete platform designed to such a degree that it incorporates each and every information about the crop from initial level to advance level.

scholarly journals Timing is Crucial for Plug Seedling Soil Testing

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 858C-858
Author(s):  
Amy J. Compton ◽  
Paul V. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Testing ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Foliar Analysis ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
Plug Seedling ◽  
Turn Around Time ◽  
Fertilizer Regimes

Soil and tissue standards and procedures have not been developed for plug seedlings. Turn-around time for foliar analysis is often adversely long for timely crop corrections. Visual assessment occurs after damage has occurred. Many plug growers have tried but abandoned soil testing due to erratic results. Of the three monitoring systems, soil testing offers the best potential, but can it be effectively refined for plugs? Petunias were grown in 288-plug trays under six fertilizer regimes. Fertilization or waterings were applied at 9:00 am, and 1 hour later, soil solutions were squeezed out and analyzed. Soil levels after fertilization and watering were too variable to inscribe a curve, while levels after fertilization formed a curve consistent with growth of the seedlings. Twice, soil samples were taken 1, 4, 8, and 24 hours after a fertilizer application. Some soil solution concentrations 1 and 4 hours after fertilization were 51 and 36 ppm for NH4-N, 46 and 32 ppm for PO4-P, and 147 and 84 ppm for NO3-N, respectively. Soil testing can be used for plug production, but samples must be taken after a fertilizer application and at a specified length after the application.

scholarly journals Microbes Mediated Mitigation of Abiotic Stresses in Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Bobade ◽  
S.P. Dhekane ◽  
P.A. Salunke ◽  
S.G. Mane ◽  
S.S. Dhawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Positive Effect

Background: Crop yields are limited by major biotic and abiotic stresses. Various studies had been suggested that abiotic stresses like drought, flood and salinity play a major role in limiting crop yield. Heavy metal contamination is also a major problem in the agriculture sector.Methods: A pot experiment was conducted to elucidate the effect of inoculating bacterial strains on the wheat plant under various stress conditions. The bacteria were isolated and screened from drought, flood and heavy metal stressed soil samples. The selected strains were identified by morphological, biochemical and molecular methods. The ability of Acinetobacter junni S1, Acinetobacter junni S2, Leclercia adecarboxylata and Klebsiella variicola to stimulate the growth of plants were determined by pot experiment using a completely randomized design. The positive effect of isolates on seed germination percent, shoot and root length of the treated wheat plant were recorded. Analysis of soil samples from pots was carried out for evaluation of the presence of macro and micronutrients. Result: The pots inoculated with selected isolates showed a significant increase in pH 7.77, EC 2.11, carbon 0.78, nitrogen 30.83 kg/ha, phosphorus 2.95 kg/ha, potassium 535.32 kg/ha, zinc 0.15 ppm, manganese 0.376 ppm, iron 0.53 ppm and copper 0.15 ppm as compared to control. The chlorophyll content estimation was carried out by using Arnon’s method. The chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll was found to be 14.39, 39.74 and 38.75 respectively.

scholarly journals Producer Soil Test Information Sheet

EDIS ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rao S. Mylavarapu ◽  
William d'Angelo ◽  
Nancy Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Testing ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Information Sheet ◽  
Testing Laboratory ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Test Form ◽  
Test Information ◽  
Soil And Water

Revised! SL-135, a 2-page form for the UF/IFAS Extension Soil Testing Laboratory, must accompany soil samples submitted to the UF/IFAS Extension Soil Testing Laboratory by Florida agricultural producers. Includes important information for sample collection and submission, and crop and analysis codes. Published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, August 2007. SL135/SS186: Producer Soil Test Form (ufl.edu)

The life-history and control of Hapatesus hirtus Candeze (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in Victoria

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 827 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Horne ◽  
JA Horne
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
Potato Crops

The incidence and life-history of potato wireworm, Hapatesus hirtus Candeze, in Victorian potato crops were studied, and insecticidal control measures assessed. Larval stages were present and active throughout the year. Ten larval instars were identified, probably requiring several years to complete development. Egg development occurred in October-November and the most likely timing of oviposition was December. The relative numbers of larval H. hirtus detected in soil samples, pre-planting baits and harvested tubers are presented. Baiting with halves of potatoes provided an efficient means of detecting areas likely to suffer wireworm damage. One formulation of chlorpyrifos ('Lorsban') was effective in reducing damage to, and larval numbers in, potatoes in field trials. The granular formulation of tefluthrin and the controlled release chlorpyrifos were not effective in protecting potato tubers.

Survival of Xiphinema index in clay loam soil

Biologia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Tzortzakakis
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Xiphinema Index ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Temperature Variable ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Similar Soil

AbstractA sample of clay loam vineyard soil, containing the nematode Xiphinema index, was divided into equal portions and stored in plastic bags. Nematodes were extracted immediately or remained in fridge for a short time or at room temperature for longer periods. The number of extracted nematodes did not differ significantly between treatments, indicating that X. index in soil samples collected for diagnostic purposes could remain viable for a period up to six months. Four other samples, of similar soil type, were collected from different vineyards and kept stored in plastic bags at room temperature. Variable periods of nematode survival recorded, ranging from less than two years in one sample, up to five years in another one. It is concluded that a long fallow period of at least five years may be required between successive grapevine crops to eliminate the nematode from clay loam soils.

scholarly journals Routine soil testing to monitor heavy metals and boron

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 564-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleide Aparecida de Abreu ◽  
Bernardo van Raij ◽  
Mônica Ferreira de Abreu ◽  
Antonio Paz González
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Soil Testing ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Anthropogenic Inputs ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Farmland Soils

Microelements are an important issue in agriculture, due to their need as micronutrients for plants and also to the possibility of the build-up of toxic levels for plants and animals. Five micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) are routinely determined in soil analysis for advisory purposes. Other four elements (Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni) are considered environmentally important heavy metals in farmland soils. Thus high contents of these metals in cropland might go eventually unnoticed. In this paper we present an approach that can be used to monitor the contents of the nine elements in farmland soils using advisory soil testing. A total of 13,416 soil samples from 21 Brazilian states, 58% of them from the state of São Paulo, sent by farmers were analyzed. Boron was determined by hot water extraction and the other metals were determined by DTPA (pH 7.3) extraction. The ranges of content, given in mg dm-3 soil, were the following: B, 0.01-10.6; Cu, 0.1-56.2; Fe, 0.5-476; Mn, 1-325; Zn, 1-453; Cd, 0.00-3.43, Cr, 0.00-42.9; Ni, 0.00-65.1; Pb, 0.00-63.9. The respective average values for São Paulo were: B-0.32; Cu-2.5; Fe-36; Mn-16; Zn-4.8; Cd-0.02; Cr-0.03; Ni-0.18; Pb-0.85. For other states the results are in the same ranges. The higher values are indicative of anthropogenic inputs, either due to excess application of fertilizers or to industrial or mining activities. The conclusion is that massive chemical analysis of farmland soil samples could serve as a database for indicating potential micronutrient deficiency and excesses or heavy metal buil-up in croplands, allowing preventive actions to be taken.

scholarly journals Genetically modified crops in India: Experiments with Bt Cotton to explore the road ahead

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 386-394
Author(s):  
Amanpreet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Genetically Modified Crops ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
Research Article

AbstractThe success of genetically modified crops (GMCs), claimed to hold solution to impending environmental problems, depends on land holdings, agroclimatic and geoclimatic conditions, food preferences and sociocultural factors. The direct and indirect impacts of these crops on human health, ecology and environment have not been evaluated on long-term basis. In India, with rich background of farming, GMCs remain a minor change. Introduction of first GMC, Bt Cotton (BC), showed varied response throughout the country. New GMCs like Bt Brinjal and GM Mustard approved for open-field trials in the country were marred under contentious debate and were never approved for commercial cultivation. The current research article aims to study the ecological implications of only GMC available for experimentation in India, BC. A three-phase study carried out as field survey, glass dome experiments and open-field trials compared the BC and conventional cotton (CC) plants with extensive experimentation of ecological parameters including vegetation diversity, insect diversity, plant morphology and infestation intensity. Results highlighted the better morphological characteristics of BC over CC, while infestation studies showed 40% survival rate of insect pest on BC for which it is genetically modified. High electrical conductivity and low organic matter content in the BC soil samples as compared to CC soil samples were indicative of impact of Bt toxins in soil but need further in-depth soil studies to reach scientifically valid results. The current research article substantiates the environmental concerns raised against GMCs especially BC in the country. Its objective is to trigger more research in this direction, so that the technology of GMCs is utilized for the benefit of humankind.

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