Physiological differences between races of Teleogryllus commodus (Walker) (Orthoptera : Gryllidae) related to a proposed genetic approach to control

1966 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
TW Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Genetic Approach ◽  
Field Release ◽  
Teleogryllus Commodus ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Probability Of Success ◽  
Threshold Of Development

A method of population control for a diapausing race of Teleogryllus commodus, based on the introduction of a non-diapausing population, is postulated. One factor that could influence the degree of probability of success of the method is the susceptibility of eggs of the northern tropical race to winter temperatures when exposed to the temperate climate of the south. Tests were conducted which showed that eggs of the tropical race were more vulnerable to low temperature and had a higher threshold of development. Hybrid eggs appear to be intermediate in their ability to survive low temperature. A comparison of the diapausing characteristics of races from widely separated localities in Australia confirmed the non-diapausing characteristic of northern Queensland races; all others showed the ability to enter diapause but varied in the proportion of eggs in which diapause was averted by exposure to high temperature. A method of rearing crickets, suitable for the production of large numbers for field release, is described.

scholarly journals Biochar Improves Maize Growth but Has a Limited Effect on Soil Properties: Evidence from a Three-Year Field Experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3617
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Medyńska-Juraszek ◽  
Agnieszka Latawiec ◽  
Jolanta Królczyk ◽  
Adam Bogacz ◽  
Dorota Kawałko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Maize Growth ◽  
Chemical Soil ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Biochar application is reported as a method for improving physical and chemical soil properties, with a still questionable impact on the crop yields and quality. Plant productivity can be affected by biochar properties and soil conditions. High efficiency of biochar application was reported many times for plant cultivation in tropical and arid climates; however, the knowledge of how the biochar affects soils in temperate climate zones exhibiting different properties is still limited. Therefore, a three-year-long field experiment was conducted on a loamy Haplic Luvisol, a common arable soil in Central Europe, to extend the laboratory-scale experiments on biochar effectiveness. A low-temperature pinewood biochar was applied at the rate of 50 t h−1, and maize was selected as a tested crop. Biochar application did not significantly impact the chemical soil properties and fertility of tested soil. However, biochar improved soil physical properties and water retention, reducing plant water stress during hot dry summers, and thus resulting in better maize growth and higher yields. Limited influence of the low-temperature biochar on soil properties suggests the crucial importance of biochar-production technology and biochar properties on the effectiveness and validity of its application in agriculture.

scholarly journals Low Temperature Illitization through Illite-Dioctahedral Vermiculite Mixed Layers in a Tropical Saline Lake Rich in Hydrothermal Fluids (Sochagota Lake, Colombia)

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 523
Author(s):  
Gabriel Ricardo Cifuentes ◽  
Juan Jiménez-Millán ◽  
Claudia Patricia Quevedo ◽  
Fernando Nieto ◽  
Javier Cuadros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Saline Waters ◽  
Mixed Layers

In this investigation, we showed that high salinity promoted by hydrothermal inputs, reducing conditions of sediments with high content in organic matter, and the occurrence of an appropriate clay mineral precursor provide a suitable framework for low-temperature illitization processes. We studied the sedimentary illitization process that occurs in carbonaceous sediments from a lake with saline waters (Sochagota Lake, Colombia) located at a tropical latitude. Water isotopic composition suggests that high salinity was produced by hydrothermal contribution. Materials accumulated in the Sochagota Lake’s southern entrance are organic matter-poor sediments that contain detrital kaolinite and quartz. On the other hand, materials formed at the central segment and near the lake exit (north portion) are enriched in organic matter and characterized by the crystallization of Fe-sulfides. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) data allowed for the identification of illite and illite-dioctahedral vermiculite mixed layers (I-DV), which are absent in the southern sediments. High humidity and temperate climate caused the formation of small-sized metastable intermediates of I-DV particles by the weathering of the source rocks in the Sochagota Lake Basin. These particles were deposited in the low-energy lake environments (middle and north part). The interaction of these sediments enriched in organic matter with the saline waters of the lake enriched in hydrothermal K caused a reducing environment that favored Fe mobilization processes and its incorporation to I-DV mixed layers that acted as mineral precursor for fast low temperature illitization, revealing that in geothermal areas clays in lakes favor a hydrothermal K uptake.

Morphological and physiological dormancy in seeds of Aegopodium podagraria (Apiaceae) broken successively during cold stratification

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Vandelook ◽  
Nele Bolle ◽  
Jozef A. Van Assche
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
Temperature Requirement ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Chilling Period

AbstractA low-temperature requirement for dormancy break has been observed frequently in temperate-climate Apiaceae species, resulting in spring emergence of seedlings. A series of experiments was performed to identify dormancy-breaking requirements of Aegopodium podagraria, a nitrophilous perennial growing mainly in mildly shaded places. In natural conditions, the embryos in seeds of A. podagraria grow in early winter. Seedlings were first observed in early spring and seedling emergence peaked in March and April. Experiments using temperature-controlled incubators revealed that embryos in seeds of A. podagraria grow only at low temperatures (5°C), irrespective of a pretreatment at higher temperatures. Seeds did not germinate immediately after embryo growth was completed, instead an additional cold stratification period was required to break dormancy completely. Once dormancy was broken, seeds germinated at a range of temperatures. Addition of gibberellic acid (GA3) had a positive effect on embryo growth in seeds incubated at 10°C and at 23°C, but it did not promote germination. Since seeds of A. podagraria have a low-temperature requirement for embryo growth and require an additional chilling period after completion of embryo growth, they exhibit characteristics of deep complex morphophysiological dormancy.

Growth and chemical composition of lotononis (Lotononis bainesii) under simulated winter conditions

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (57) ◽  
pp. 396
Author(s):  
WW Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Additional Stress ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Growth Experiments

Lotononis remains green in subtropical winters. To determine the effect of low temperature on growth, experiments were done under controlled temperature and light conditions. With a simulated midwinter day of three hours of frost and 10i hours of light and no other stress imposed, plants made slight but definite growth. It is inferred that winter temperatures do not completely prevent growth. When additional stress of partial defoliation was imposed, the amount of growth was reduced to about 15 per cent of that of undefoliated plants. This suggests that if lotononis is grazed in winter any further growth would be of insignificant practical value. Cold stress had little or no effect on mineral composition of the plants. The composition of nodules is recorded.

LOW TEMPERATURE AS A FACTOR IN THE MORTALITY OF EGGS OF MANTIS RELIGIOSA L.

1947 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Salt ◽  
H. G. James
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Egg Mortality ◽  
Mantis Religiosa ◽  
Embryonic Growth ◽  
Winter Temperatures

In the district around Belleville, Ontario, the eggs of Mantis religiosa are deposited during the end of August and throughout September. Some embryonic growth occurs after the eggs are laid and before they enter diapause for the winter. Many of the eggs which have over-wintered, however, fail to continue their development so that the percentage of hatch in the following spring is often greatly reduced. This egg mortality varies from year to year. Records obtainrd between 1940 and 1946 by the dissection and incubation of current oothecae collected at the end of March have indicated mortalities ranging from 15.6 to 86.4 per cent. Such mortality has been generally attributed to low winter temperatures although there was also evidence that eggs could be exposed to a temperature as low as−20°C without injury.

scholarly journals Energy efficiency and economic analysis of retrofit measures for single-family residential buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3 Part B) ◽  
pp. 2071-2084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Harmathy ◽  
Danijela Urbancl ◽  
Darko Goricanec ◽  
Zoltán Magyar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Single Family

The research elaborates various solutions using detailed economic evaluation and energy efficiency calculation and simulation technology for formulating applicable, energy and cost-efficient retrofit solutions of single-family residential buildings located in temperate climate areas. Primarily the annual energy demand for a reference existing single-family residential building was determined. The economic analysis was performed for six formulated refurbishment scenarios in order to determine which of the scenarios will demonstrate optimal performance both in energy and cost efficiency. A feasibility study was performed for the most efficient scenario, which included an economic evaluation of low temperature radiant heating systems were three energy suppliers (oil, natural gas and electricity for air to water heat pump) were compared. According to financial analyses the optimal scenario includes the replacement of windows, installation of 15 cm expanded polystyrene thermal insulation, low temperature radiant floor heating, with a payback period of ten years.

The heterobasidiomycetous yeast genus Leucosporidium in an area of temperate climate

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1402-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Summerbell
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Mating System ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Yeast Genus ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Multiple Alleles ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Freshwater Habitats

A wide range of habitats in and near southern British Columbia was sampled for the presence of Leucosporidium spp. Leucosporidium scottii, the only species capable of growth at mesic temperatures, occurred abundantly on marine substrates. The thalli of phaeophyte algae yielded particularly large numbers of isolates, but only in the colder months of the year. Leucosporidium scottii was found less frequently in terrestrial or freshwater habitats but was a major component of the yeast mycobiota of organic materials decaying in cold moist soils. The remaining five known species of Leucosporidium were not found. Genetic studies revealed that the tetrapolar mating system of L. scottii is characterized by the presence of multiple alleles at the A locus. The B locus appears to be biallelic.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Temperature-Induced Green Discoloration in Garlic

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ningyang Li ◽  
Zhichang Qiu ◽  
Xiaoming Lu ◽  
Bingchao Shi ◽  
Xiudong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Low Temperature Stress ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Encoding Genes

Green discoloration is one of the most important problems that cause low quality of product in the processing of garlic, which can be induced by low-temperature stress. But the mechanism of low temperature-induced green discoloration is poorly understood. In the present study, the control garlic and three low temperature-treated garlic samples (stored at 4°C with 10, 15, and 40 days, respectively) were used for genome-wide transcriptome profiling analysis. A total of 49280 garlic unigenes with an average length of 1337 bp were de novo assembled, 20231 of which were achieved for functional annotation. When being suffered from 10, 15, and 40 days of low-temperature treatment, an increased degree of discoloration was observed, and a total of 4757, 4401, and 2034 unigenes showed a differential expression, respectively. Finally, 5923 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found to respond to the low-temperature stress, of which 3921 were identified in at least two treatments. Among these stress-responsive unigenes, there were large numbers of enzyme-encoding genes, which significantly enriched the pathway “proteasome,” many genes of which are potentially involved in the garlic discoloration, such as 7 alliinase-encoding genes, 5 γ-glutamyltranspeptidase-encoding genes, and 1 δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase-encoding gene. These stress-responsive enzyme-encoding genes are possibly responsible for the low-temperature-induced garlic discoloration. The identification of large numbers of DEGs provides a basis for further elucidating the mechanism of low-temperature-induced green discoloration in garlic.

scholarly journals Freezing Tolerance and Nonstructural Carbohydrate Composition of Carpetgrass (Axonopus affinis Chase)

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Bush ◽  
Paul Wilson ◽  
Dennis Shepard ◽  
James McCrimmon
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Baton Rouge ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽  
Carbohydrate Composition ◽  
Low Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Nonstructural Carbohydrate ◽  
Winter Temperatures

An experiment to determine the nonstructural carbohydrate composition and nodal survival (LT50) of common carpetgrass was conducted between 1993 and 1994 at Baton Rouge, La. Nonstructural carbohydrates in stolons were primarily sucrose [70-130 mg·g-1 dry weight (DW)] and starch (8-33 mg·g-1 DW). Total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) composition of stolons ranged between 30 to 165 mg·g-1 DW. Node survival following exposure to 2 °C ranged from 0% in August-sampled grass to 48% in December. The LT50 following acclimation under field conditions was -2 to -4 °C. Environmental factors influenced nonstructural carbohydrate composition, partitioning, and node survival. No relationship between TNC concentration and low-temperature tolerance was found. This research confirms previous reports that low-temperature tolerance of carpetgrass is very poor, and its culture may be limited to geographical areas having moderate winter temperatures.

Gas turbine intake air cooling systems of combined type and their optimum designing

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-24
Author(s):  
Andrii M. Radchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Lithium Bromide ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Fuel Saving ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Exhaust Heat ◽  
Refrigeration Capacity ◽  
Cooling Air

Turbine intake air cooling (TIAC) by absorption lithium-bromide chillers (ACh) utilizing the exhaust heat is considered as the most effective fuel saving technology for temperate climatic conditions. But the cooling potential of TIAC systems based on ACh of a simple cycle is limited by a comparatively increased chilled water temperature of about 7°C excluding cooling intake air lower than 15°C. The application of a refrigerant as a coolant enables deeper cooling intake air to 10°C and lower. The application of two-stage hybrid absorption-ejector chillers (AECh) with a refrigerant ejector chiller (ECh) as a low temperature stage makes it possible to increase the annual fuel saving approximately twice in temperate climate due to deeper cooling air as compared with ACh. Furthermore, this effect can be achieved with the sizes of TIAC system reduced by about 20 % due to determining the rational refrigeration capacity of AECh providing practically maximum annual fuel saving increment and the use of the current excessive refrigeration capacities to cover peaked loads.

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