Directional soliton and breather beams

Solitons and breathers are nonlinear modes that exist in a wide range of physical systems. They are fundamental solutions of a number of nonlinear wave evolution equations, including the unidirectional nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE). We report the observation of slanted solitons and breathers propagating at an angle with respect to the direction of propagation of the wave field. As the coherence is diagonal, the scale in the crest direction becomes finite; consequently, beam dynamics form. Spatiotemporal measurements of the water surface elevation are obtained by stereo-reconstructing the positions of the floating markers placed on a regular lattice and recorded with two synchronized high-speed cameras. Experimental results, based on the predictions obtained from the (2D + 1) hyperbolic NLSE equation, are in excellent agreement with the theory. Our study proves the existence of such unique and coherent wave packets and has serious implications for practical applications in optical sciences and physical oceanography. Moreover, unstable wave fields in this geometry may explain the formation of directional large-amplitude rogue waves with a finite crest length within a wide range of nonlinear dispersive media, such as Bose–Einstein condensates, solids, plasma, hydrodynamics, and optics.

Download Full-text

Cavitation and bubble dynamics: the Kelvin impulse and its applications

Interface Focus ◽

10.1098/rsfs.2015.0017 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 20150017 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

John R. Blake ◽

David M. Leppinen ◽

Qianxi Wang

Keyword(s):

Cavitation Bubble ◽

High Speed ◽

Bubble Dynamics ◽

Clinical Medicine ◽

Bubble Collapse ◽

Rigid Boundary ◽

Design Problems ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Wide Range ◽

Naval Engineering

Cavitation and bubble dynamics have a wide range of practical applications in a range of disciplines, including hydraulic, mechanical and naval engineering, oil exploration, clinical medicine and sonochemistry. However, this paper focuses on how a fundamental concept, the Kelvin impulse, can provide practical insights into engineering and industrial design problems. The pathway is provided through physical insight, idealized experiments and enhancing the accuracy and interpretation of the computation. In 1966, Benjamin and Ellis made a number of important statements relating to the use of the Kelvin impulse in cavitation and bubble dynamics, one of these being ‘One should always reason in terms of the Kelvin impulse, not in terms of the fluid momentum…’. We revisit part of this paper, developing the Kelvin impulse from first principles, using it, not only as a check on advanced computations (for which it was first used!), but also to provide greater physical insights into cavitation bubble dynamics near boundaries (rigid, potential free surface, two-fluid interface, flexible surface and axisymmetric stagnation point flow) and to provide predictions on different types of bubble collapse behaviour, later compared against experiments. The paper concludes with two recent studies involving (i) the direction of the jet formation in a cavitation bubble close to a rigid boundary in the presence of high-intensity ultrasound propagated parallel to the surface and (ii) the study of a ‘paradigm bubble model’ for the collapse of a translating spherical bubble, sometimes leading to a constant velocity high-speed jet, known as the Longuet-Higgins jet.

Download Full-text

Thermal Modification by High Speed In Situ Mixing for Nanoparticles TiO2 and SDS Surfactant to Paraffin Based PCM Nano Enhanced Composite

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1028.240 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1028 ◽

pp. 240-248

Author(s):

Edwin Arfiansyah ◽

A.L. Juwono

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Material System ◽

Mechanical Mixing ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Wide Range ◽

Nanocomposite Pcm ◽

Xrd Patterns

The use of liquid-solid type phase change material (PCM) is increasing due to the importance of having a good storage for latent heat, which can be attributed to its wide range of application, such as electronics, buildings, textiles, and the automotive sector. This study employed an experimental procedure through in situ mechanical mixing of paraffin-based PCM and 4Wt% Titanium dioxide (TiO2) rutile to form nanocomposite PCM with high-speed agitation (900 rpm at 90°C for 60 minutes) and mixed with Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS) as the dispersant. It was conducted by applying premixing of polar solution (distilled H20 + 4Wt% SDS dispersant) to the aforementioned non-polar paraffin-based solution (paraffin wax + 4Wt% TiO2) in a 1:4 ratio, then cooled naturally. The Fourier Transient Infrared (FTIR) spectrum and the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern indicated a characteristic typical of composite systems, in which. there is no new material system composed. The typical wavenumbers of composite PW+TiO2 (2918 cm-1, 2851cm-1, 1471 cm-1, 720cm-1 and 469 cm-1) were also seen in the FTIR, while high intensity peaks 2θ = 21.4°, 23.8 and low intensity peaks 27.4°, 36.074°, XRD patterns could be tied to monoclinic paraffin crystal with the typical plane diffractions of (110) and (200) and TiO2. The thermal properties of the composite were measured using Differential Scanning Calorimetry. The findings showed that the paraffin based PCM comprised a higher thermal storage capacity of 144.3 J/g compared to its common 104.5 J/g typology. Scanning Electron Microscope observation showed a better dispersion of TiO2 clusters (smooth, spherical, and spreading). The results ultimately showed that optimizing the agitation speed at the prompt temperature contributes to the increase of the crystallite size and the capacity to isolate the temperature of nanoparticles, which may elicit a growing interest for more practical applications of the nanocomposites PCM.

Download Full-text

Microfabrication research at the National Submicron Facility

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100074331 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 86-89

Author(s):

E.D. Wolf

Keyword(s):

Integrated Circuits ◽

Particle Physics ◽

High Speed ◽

New Technology ◽

High Energy ◽

High Energy Particle ◽

New Science ◽

Wide Range ◽

Intermediate Domain ◽

Circuit Function

Most microelectronics devices and circuits operate faster, consume less power, execute more functions and cost less per circuit function when the feature-sizes internal to the devices and circuits are made smaller. This is part of the stimulus for the Very High-Speed Integrated Circuits (VHSIC) program. There is also a need for smaller, more sensitive sensors in a wide range of disciplines that includes electrochemistry, neurophysiology and ultra-high pressure solid state research. There is often fundamental new science (and sometimes new technology) to be revealed (and used) when a basic parameter such as size is extended to new dimensions, as is evident at the two extremes of smallness and largeness, high energy particle physics and cosmology, respectively. However, there is also a very important intermediate domain of size that spans from the diameter of a small cluster of atoms up to near one micrometer which may also have just as profound effects on society as “big” physics.

Download Full-text

A New Detector System For The HB5 Stem Instrument

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100117674 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 134-135

Author(s):

J.M. Cowley

Keyword(s):

Dark Field ◽

Detector System ◽

Electron Holography ◽

Small Specimen ◽

Bright Field ◽

Multiple Images ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Wide Range ◽

Diffraction Patterns ◽

Operational Modes

The HB5 STEM instrument at ASU has been modified previously to include an efficient two-dimensional detector incorporating an optical analyser device and also a digital system for the recording of multiple images. The detector system was built to explore a wide range of possibilities including in-line electron holography, the observation and recording of diffraction patterns from very small specimen regions (having diameters as small as 3Å) and the formation of both bright field and dark field images by detection of various portions of the diffraction pattern. Experience in the use of this system has shown that sane of its capabilities are unique and valuable. For other purposes it appears that, while the principles of the operational modes may be verified, the practical applications are limited by the details of the initial design.

Download Full-text

Recent Patents on the Angular Contact Ball Bearing of High-Speed Motorized Spindle

Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.2174/2212797613666201208000558 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

Author(s):

Yudong Bao ◽

Linkai Wu ◽

Yanling Zhao ◽

Chengyi Pan

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Ball Bearing ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Ceramic Materials ◽

Development Trend ◽

Numerical Control ◽

Angular Contact Ball Bearing ◽

Practical Applications ◽

High Speed Cutting ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages

Background:: Angular contact ball bearings are the most popular bearing type used in the high speed spindle for machining centers, The performance of the bearing directly affects the machining efficiency of the machine tool, Obtaining a higher value is the direction of its research and development. Objective:: By analyzing the research achievements and patents of electric spindle angular contact bearings, summarizing the development trend provides a reference for the development of electric spindle bearings. Methods:: Through the analysis of the relevant technology of the electric spindle angular contact ball bearing, the advantages and disadvantages of the angular contact ball bearing are introduced, and the research results are combined with the patent analysis. Results:: With the rapid development of high-speed cutting and numerical control technology and the needs of practical applications, the spindle requires higher and higher speeds for bearings. In order to meet the requirements of use, it is necessary to improve the bearing performance by optimizing the structure size and improving the lubrication conditions. Meanwhile, reasonable processing and assembly methods will also have a beneficial effect on bearing performance. Conclusion:: With the continuous deepening of bearing technology research and the use of new structures and ceramic materials has made the bearing's limit speed repeatedly reach new highs. The future development trend of high-speed bearings for electric spindles is environmental protection, intelligence, high speed, high precision and long life.

Download Full-text

Assessment of Commercial Off-the-Shelf Tissue Adhesives for Sealing Military-Relevant Corneal Perforation Injuries

Military Medicine ◽

10.1093/milmed/usab184 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Eric J Snider ◽

Lauren E Cornell ◽

Brandon M Gross ◽

David O Zamora ◽

Emily N Boice

Keyword(s):

Intraocular Pressure ◽

High Speed ◽

Anterior Segment ◽

Ocular Tissue ◽

Corneal Tissue ◽

Corneal Perforation ◽

Tissue Adhesives ◽

Open Globe ◽

Wide Range ◽

Commercial Off The Shelf

ABSTRACT Introduction Open-globe ocular injuries have increased in frequency in recent combat operations due to increased use of explosive weaponry. Unfortunately, open-globe injuries have one of the worst visual outcomes for the injured warfighter, often resulting in permanent loss of vision. To improve visual recovery, injuries need to be stabilized quickly following trauma, in order to restore intraocular pressure and create a watertight seal. Here, we assess four off-the-shelf (OTS), commercially available tissue adhesives for their ability to seal military-relevant corneal perforation injuries (CPIs). Materials and Methods Adhesives were assessed using an anterior segment inflation platform and a previously developed high-speed benchtop corneal puncture model, to create injuries in porcine eyes. After injury, adhesives were applied and injury stabilization was assessed by measuring outflow rate, ocular compliance, and burst pressure, followed by histological analysis. Results Tegaderm dressings and Dermabond skin adhesive most successfully sealed injuries in preliminary testing. Across a range of injury sizes and shapes, Tegaderm performed well in smaller injury sizes, less than 2 mm in diameter, but inadequately sealed large or complex injuries. Dermabond created a watertight seal capable of maintaining ocular tissue at physiological intraocular pressure for almost all injury shapes and sizes. However, application of the adhesive was inconsistent. Histologically, after removal of the Dermabond skin adhesive, the corneal epithelium was removed and oftentimes the epithelium surface penetrated into the wound and was adhered to inner stromal tissue. Conclusions Dermabond can stabilize a wide range of CPIs; however, application is variable, which may adversely impact the corneal tissue. Without addressing these limitations, no OTS adhesive tested herein can be directly translated to CPIs. This highlights the need for development of a biomaterial product to stabilize these injuries without causing ocular damage upon removal, thus improving the poor vision prognosis for the injured warfighter.

Download Full-text

Ring-Forming Polymerization toward Perfluorocyclobutyl and Ortho-Diynylarene-Derived Materials: From Synthesis to Practical Applications

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14061486 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 1486

Author(s):

Eugene B. Caldona ◽

Ernesto I. Borrego ◽

Ketki E. Shelar ◽

Karl M. Mukeba ◽

Dennis W. Smith

Keyword(s):

Chemical Resistance ◽

Structural Features ◽

Review Article ◽

Aryl Ether ◽

Aromatic Rings ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Repeat Units ◽

Wide Range ◽

Synthetic Routes ◽

The Cost

Many desirable characteristics of polymers arise from the method of polymerization and structural features of their repeat units, which typically are responsible for the polymer’s performance at the cost of processability. While linear alternatives are popular, polymers composed of cyclic repeat units across their backbones have generally been shown to exhibit higher optical transparency, lower water absorption, and higher glass transition temperatures. These specifically include polymers built with either substituted alicyclic structures or aromatic rings, or both. In this review article, we highlight two useful ring-forming polymer groups, perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) aryl ether polymers and ortho-diynylarene- (ODA) based thermosets, both demonstrating outstanding thermal stability, chemical resistance, mechanical integrity, and improved processability. Different synthetic routes (with emphasis on ring-forming polymerization) and properties for these polymers are discussed, followed by their relevant applications in a wide range of aspects.

Download Full-text

Hydromechanics of low-Reynolds-number flow. Part 2. Singularity method for Stokes flows

Journal of Fluid Mechanics ◽

10.1017/s0022112075000614 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 787-815 ◽

Cited By ~ 300

Author(s):

Allen T. Chwang ◽

T. Yao-Tsu Wu

Keyword(s):

Exact Solutions ◽

Stokes Flow ◽

Fundamental Solutions ◽

The Body ◽

Circular Cylinders ◽

Geometrical Parameters ◽

Flow Problems ◽

Singularity Method ◽

Wide Range ◽

Body Shapes

The present study further explores the fundamental singular solutions for Stokes flow that can be useful for constructing solutions over a wide range of free-stream profiles and body shapes. The primary singularity is the Stokeslet, which is associated with a singular point force embedded in a Stokes flow. From its derivatives other fundamental singularities can be obtained, including rotlets, stresslets, potential doublets and higher-order poles derived from them. For treating interior Stokes-flow problems new fundamental solutions are introduced; they include the Stokeson and its derivatives, called the roton and stresson.These fundamental singularities are employed here to construct exact solutions to a number of exterior and interior Stokes-flow problems for several specific body shapes translating and rotating in a viscous fluid which may itself be providing a primary flow. The different primary flows considered here include the uniform stream, shear flows, parabolic profiles and extensional flows (hyper-bolic profiles), while the body shapes cover prolate spheroids, spheres and circular cylinders. The salient features of these exact solutions (all obtained in closed form) regarding the types of singularities required for the construction of a solution in each specific case, their distribution densities and the range of validity of the solution, which may depend on the characteristic Reynolds numbers and governing geometrical parameters, are discussed.

Download Full-text

Vibration of Rotating and Revolving Planet Rings with Discrete and Partially Distributed Stiffnesses

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11010127 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 127

Author(s):

Fuchun Yang ◽

Dianrui Wang

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Differential Operators ◽

Natural Frequencies ◽

Rotation Speed ◽

Distribution Area ◽

Vibration Modes ◽

Governing Equations ◽

Vibration Properties ◽

Wide Range ◽

Forced Responses

Vibration properties of high-speed rotating and revolving planet rings with discrete and partially distributed stiffnesses were studied. The governing equations were obtained by Hamilton’s principle based on a rotating frame on the ring. The governing equations were cast in matrix differential operators and discretized, using Galerkin’s method. The eigenvalue problem was dealt with state space matrix, and the natural frequencies and vibration modes were computed in a wide range of rotation speed. The properties of natural frequencies and vibration modes with rotation speed were studied for free planet rings and planet rings with discrete and partially distributed stiffnesses. The influences of several parameters on the vibration properties of planet rings were also investigated. Finally, the forced responses of planet rings resulted from the excitation of rotating and revolving movement were studied. The results show that the revolving movement not only affects the free vibration of planet rings but results in excitation to the rings. Partially distributed stiffness changes the vibration modes heavily compared to the free planet ring. Each vibration mode comprises several nodal diameter components instead of a single component for a free planet ring. The distribution area and the number of partially distributed stiffnesses mainly affect the high-order frequencies. The forced responses caused by revolving movement are nonlinear and vary with a quasi-period of rotating speed, and the responses in the regions supported by partially distributed stiffnesses are suppressed.

Download Full-text

Sensing of Nickel(II) Ions by Immobilizing Ligands and Using Different SPEs

Engineering Proceedings ◽

10.3390/i3s2021dresden-10106 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 2

Author(s):

Liliana Anchidin-Norocel ◽

Sonia Amariei ◽

Gheorghe Gutt

Keyword(s):

Bismuth Oxide ◽

Human Population ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Sensor Technology ◽

Cyclic Voltammogram ◽

Accurate Analysis ◽

Nickel Allergy ◽

Nickel Ions ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Wide Range

The aim of this paper is the development of a sensor for the quantification of nickel ions in food raw materials and foods. It is believed that about 15% of the human population suffers from nickel allergy. In addition to digestive manifestations, food intolerance to nickel may also have systemic manifestations, such as diffuse dermatitis, diffuse itching, fever, rhinitis, headache, altered general condition. Therefore, it is necessary to control this content of nickel ions for the health of the human population by developing a new method that offers the advantages of a fast, not expensive, in situ, and accurate analysis. For this purpose, bismuth oxide-screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) and graphene-modified SPEs were used with a very small amount of dimethylglyoxime and amino acid L-histidine that were deposited. A potentiostat that displays the response in the form of a cyclic voltammogram was used to study the electrochemical properties of nickel standard solution with different concentrations. The results were compared and the most sensitive sensor proved to be bismuth oxide-SPEs with dimethylglyoxime (Bi2O3/C-dmgH2) with a linear response over a wide range (0.1–10 ppm) of nickel concentrations. Furthermore, the sensor shows excellent selectivity in the presence of common interfering species. The Bi2O3/C-dmgH2 sensor showed good viability for nickel analysis in food samples (cocoa, spinach, cabbage, and red wine) and demonstrated significant advancement in sensor technology for practical applications.

Download Full-text