scholarly journals Quantitative Phosphoproteomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal GmMYB173 Optimizes Flavonoid Metabolism in Soybean under Salt Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1209-1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erxu Pi ◽  
Chengmin Zhu ◽  
Wei Fan ◽  
Yingying Huang ◽  
Liqun Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Transgenic Roots ◽  
Proteomics Approach ◽  
Serine 59 ◽  
Myb Proteins ◽  
Oxidative Agents ◽  
Flavonoid Accumulation

Salinity causes osmotic stress to crops and limits their productivity. To understand the mechanism underlying soybean salt tolerance, proteomics approach was used to identify phosphoproteins altered by NaCl treatment. Results revealed that 412 of the 4698 quantitatively analyzed phosphopeptides were significantly up-regulated on salt treatment, including a phosphopeptide covering the serine 59 in the transcription factor GmMYB173. Our data showed that GmMYB173 is one of the three MYB proteins differentially phosphorylated on salt treatment, and a substrate of the casein kinase-II. MYB recognition sites exist in the promoter of flavonoid synthase gene GmCHS5 and one was found to mediate its recognition by GmMYB173, an event facilitated by phosphorylation. Because GmCHS5 catalyzes the synthesis of chalcone, flavonoids derived from chalcone were monitored using metabolomics approach. Results revealed that 24 flavonoids of 6745 metabolites were significantly up-regulated after salt treatment. We further compared the salt tolerance and flavonoid accumulation in soybean transgenic roots expressing the 35S promoter driven cds and RNAi constructs of GmMYB173 and GmCHS5, as well as phospho-mimic (GmMYB173S59D) and phospho-ablative (GmMYB173S59A) mutants of GmMYB173. Overexpression of GmMYB173S59D and GmCHS5 resulted in the highest increase in salt tolerance and accumulation of cyaniding-3-arabinoside chloride, a dihydroxy B-ring flavonoid. The dihydroxy B-ring flavonoids are more effective as anti-oxidative agents when compared with monohydroxy B-ring flavonoids, such as formononetin. Hence the salt-triggered phosphorylation of GmMYB173, subsequent increase in its affinity to GmCHS5 promoter and the elevated transcription of GmCHS5 likely contribute to soybean salt tolerance by enhancing the accumulation of dihydroxy B-ring flavonoids.

scholarly journals Virus-Induced Gene Silencing of SlWRKY79 Attenuates Salt Tolerance in Tomato Plants

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1519
Author(s):  
Yuqing He ◽  
Xiaochun Zhang ◽  
Yinxiao Tan ◽  
Deli Si ◽  
Tingting Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Wrky Transcription Factors ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Severe Leaf

Previous studies have shown that WRKY transcription factors play important roles in abiotic stress responses. Thus, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was used to identify the function of SlWRKY79 in the salt tolerance of tomato plants by downregulating the expression of the SlWRKY79 gene. Under the same salt treatment conditions, the SlWRKY79-silenced plants showed faster stem wilting and more severe leaf shrinkage than the control plants, and the bending degree of the stem of the SlWRKY79-silenced plants was also greater than that of the control plants. Physiological analyses showed that considerably higher levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2−), and abscisic acid (ABA) accumulated in the leaves of the SlWRKY79-silenced plants than in those of the controls after salt treatment. Taken together, our results suggested that SlWRKY79 plays a positive regulatory role in salt tolerance in tomato plants.

Influence of NaCl Salinity on the Behaviour of Protease, Aminopeptidase and Carboxypeptidase in Rice Seedlings in Relation to Salt Tolerance

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
RS Dubey ◽  
M Rani
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Nacl Salinity ◽  
Salt Susceptible ◽  
Salt Tolerant Cultivars

Activities of the enzymes protease, aminopeptidase and carboxypeptidase were determined in seedlings of rice cultivars with different salt tolerances raised under increasing levels of NaCl salinity. Salinity caused a marked increase in protease activity in roots as well as shoots, though activity was higher in roots than in shoots. Salt-tolerant cultivars possessed higher levels of protease activity in control as well as salt-stressed seedlings compared with salt-susceptible cultivars. During a growth period of 5-20 days, leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) activity increased up to days 10-15 and decreased thereafter. Salt treatment caused a sharp increase in LAP activity in roots of both sets of cultivars. The increase was larger in tolerant than in susceptible cultivars. In shoots, unlike roots, higher salinity suppressed LAP activity, and suppression was more marked in susceptible cultivars than in tolerant ones. Carboxypeptidase activity was higher in susceptible cultivars than in tolerant ones under both control as well as salt treatments. Roots maintained higher levels of carboxypeptidase activity than shoots. Results suggest an increased rate of proteolysis in salt-stressed rice seedlings and an association of salt-tolerance ability with higher protease and aminopeptidase activities and lower carboxypeptidase activity under salinisation.

The PalERF109 transcription factor positively regulates salt tolerance via PalHKT1;2 in Populus alba var. pyramidalis

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 717-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ningning Chen ◽  
Shaofei Tong ◽  
Hu Tang ◽  
Zhiyang Zhang ◽  
Bao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Populus Alba ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Ethylene Responsive Factor ◽  
Erf Family ◽  
Transport Of Ions ◽  
Tree Stress

Abstract Salinity restricts the growth of trees to varying extents, but the regulatory mechanisms involved in their varying salt tolerance are largely unknown. In an effort to elucidate these mechanisms, we identified a total of 99 genes in the Ethylene Responsive Factor (ERF) family of transcription factors and examined their expression patterns under salt stress in Populus alba var. pyramidalis. We found that a B4 group gene, PalERF109, was rapidly induced by salt treatment and preferentially expressed in stems and petioles, where it is probably involved in transport of ions and water in xylem. Overexpression of PalERF109 enhanced the salt tolerance of the poplar, and further analysis showed that it directly upregulated a high-affinity K+transporter (HKT) gene, PalHKT1;2. The results clearly indicate that PalERF109 enhances salt tolerance at least partially through direct activation of PalHKT1;2 and extends understanding of the roles of ERF genes in tree stress responses.

scholarly journals Physiological analysis reveals relatively higher salt tolerance in roots of Ilex integra than in those of Ilex purpurea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongfan Yu ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Jianyuan Feng ◽  
Sujing Sun ◽  
Peng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Ion Content ◽  
Physiological Analysis ◽  
Local Species ◽  
High Salt Tolerance ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymatic Activity

AbstractDetermining the responses of candidate plants to salt stress is a prerequisite for selecting and breeding suitable plants with high salt tolerance to grow in coastal mudflat areas with high salinity. Here, 2-year cutting seedlings of Ilex purpurea Hassk. (local species) and I. integra Thunb. (introduced species) were grown in pots in a glasshouse and irrigated with a Hoagland-NaCl solution at 0, 24, and 48 h. Root samples were collected at 0, 1, 6, 24, and 72 h, and concentration of Na+ ion; content of proline, soluble carbohydrate, malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2 and ascorbate; and activity of three key antioxidative enzymes were measured. Roots of I. integra accumulated relatively less Na+ and had less membrane lipid peroxidation and H2O2 during salt stress, thus indicating a relatively higher salt tolerance than roots of I. purpurea. Values for ascorbate content and antioxidant enzymatic activity suggest that the antioxidant ascorbate and antioxidative catalase may play substantial roles for scavenging reactive oxygen species in I. integra roots during salt treatment. Thus, I. integra is apparently more suitable for growing in local highly saline coastal mudflats.

scholarly journals The key regulator LcERF056 enhances salt tolerance by modulating reactive oxygen species-related genes in Lotus corniculatus

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Wang ◽  
Zhanmin Sun ◽  
Xinxu Hu ◽  
Junbo Xiong ◽  
Lizhen Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Lipid Transfer Protein ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Ethylene Response Factor ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Lipid Transfer ◽  
Salt Treatment

Abstract Background The APETALA2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF) family are important regulatory factors involved in plants’ response to environmental stimuli. However, their roles in salt tolerance in Lotus corniculatus remain unclear. Results Here, the key salt-responsive transcription factor LcERF056 was cloned and characterised. LcERF056 belonging to the B3–1 (IX) subfamily of ERFs was considerably upregulated by salt treatment. LcERF056-fused GFP was exclusively localised to nuclei. Furthermore, LcERF056- overexpression (OE) transgenic Arabidopsis and L. corniculatus lines exhibited significantly high tolerance to salt treatment compared with wild-type (WT) or RNA interference expression (RNAi) transgenic lines at the phenotypic and physiological levels. Transcriptome analysis of OE, RNAi, and WT lines showed that LcERF056 regulated the downstream genes involved in several metabolic pathways. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-qPCR) and yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assay demonstrated that LcERF056 could bind to cis-element GCC box or DRE of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes such as lipid-transfer protein, peroxidase and ribosomal protein. Conclusion Our results suggested that the key regulator LcERF056 plays important roles in salt tolerance in L. corniculatus by modulating ROS-related genes. Therefore, it may be a useful target for engineering salt-tolerant L. corniculatus or other crops.

scholarly journals A Golgi-Localized Sodium/Hydrogen Exchanger Positively Regulates Salt Tolerance by Maintaining Higher K+/Na+ Ratio in Soybean

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianjie Sun ◽  
Nan Ma ◽  
Caiqing Wang ◽  
Huifen Fan ◽  
Mengxuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Tolerance Mechanism ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Sodium Hydrogen ◽  
Sodium Hydrogen Exchanger ◽  
Soybean Plants

Salt stress caused by soil salinization, is one of the main factors that reduce soybean yield and quality. A large number of genes have been found to be involved in the regulation of salt tolerance. In this study, we characterized a soybean sodium/hydrogen exchanger gene GmNHX5 and revealed its functional mechanism involved in the salt tolerance process in soybean. GmNHX5 responded to salt stress at the transcription level in the salt stress-tolerant soybean plants, but not significantly changed in the salt-sensitive ones. GmNHX5 was located in the Golgi apparatus, and distributed in new leaves and vascular, and was induced by salt treatment. Overexpression of GmNHX5 improved the salt tolerance of hairy roots induced by soybean cotyledons, while the opposite was observed when GmNHX5 was knockout by CRISPR/Cas9. Soybean seedlings overexpressing GmNHX5 also showed an increased expression of GmSOS1, GmSKOR, and GmHKT1, higher K+/Na+ ratio, and higher viability when exposed to salt stress. Our findings provide an effective candidate gene for the cultivation of salt-tolerant germplasm resources and new clues for further understanding of the salt-tolerance mechanism in plants.

Selecting salt-tolerant citrus rootstocks

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
PT Gallasch ◽  
GS Dalton
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Significant Growth ◽  
Chloride Uptake ◽  
Significant Difference

The salt-tolerance of 28 imported rootstocks was compared with three citrus rootstocks used widely in South Australia. The experiment was conducted in a shadehouse, using highly saline irrigation water (8700 8S/cm conductivity) applied to vigorous, chloride-excluding genotypes.Fifteen of the imported rootstocks showed no significant growth reductions after 84 days of salt treatment and were therefore considered as being highly salt tolerant. All fifteen outperformed the three locally used rootstocks (Paramatta sweet orange, Cleopatra mandarin and Troyer citrange), which experienced significant growth reductions during salt treatment. Seventeen rootstocks showed no significant difference from each other in leaf chloride (Cl-) concentrations on day 84 and were therefore identified as the best Cl- excluders. Ten rootstocks had the combined attributes of salt tolerance on the basis of growth response, Cl- exclusion ability and absence of phytotoxic leaf symptoms. The relationship between growth response of plants during salt treatment and Cl- -accumulation in leaves was not significant.The three locally used rootstocks were not significantly different (P < 0.05) in their growth response to high salinity, but differed from each other in their Cl exclusion ability.Investigation of nutrient interrelationships showed that chloride uptake was negatively correlated with nitrogen (N) uptake and positively correlated with calcium (Ca) and sodium (Na) uptake. Sodium uptake was negatively correlated with N, potassium (K) and manganese (Mn) uptake.

scholarly journals Relative Salt Tolerance of 22 Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1513-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youping Sun ◽  
Genhua Niu ◽  
Joseph G. Masabni ◽  
Girisha Ganjegunte
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Salt Damage ◽  
Slight Growth

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the relative salt tolerance of pomegranate (Punica granatum) cultivars. Twenty-two pomegranate cultivars were irrigated weekly with a saline solution at an electrical conductivity (EC) of 10.0 dS·m–1 for 4 weeks and subsequently with a saline solution at an EC of 15.0 dS·m–1 for another 3 weeks (salt treatment). Another group of uniform plants was watered with a nutrient solution without additional salts at an EC of 1.2 dS·m–1 (control). No visual foliar salt damage (leaf burn, necrosis, or discoloration) was observed during the entire experimental period; however, salt treatment impacted pomegranate growth negatively, with a large variation among cultivars. Salt treatment reduced shoot length by 25% and dry weight (DW) by 32% on average for all cultivars. Cluster analysis classified the 22 tested pomegranate cultivars in two groups. The group consisting of ‘Arturo Ivey’, ‘DeAnda’, ‘Kazake’, ‘Russian 8’, ‘Apseronski’, ‘Purple Heart’, ‘Carolina Vernum’, ‘Chiva’, ‘Kunduzski’, ‘Larry Ceballos 1’, ‘ML’, ‘Salavatski’, ‘Spanish Sweet’, and ‘Wonderful’ was more salt tolerant than the group including ‘Al-Sirin-Nar’, ‘Kandahar’, ‘Surh-Anor’, ‘Early Wonderful’, ‘Angel Red’, ‘Ben Ivey’, ‘Utah Sweet’, and ‘Mollar’. The sodium (Na) concentration in the leaf tissue of all 22 pomegranate cultivars was less than 1 mg·g–1 on a DW basis. All pomegranate cultivars in the salt treatment had an average leaf chloride (Cl) content of 10.03 mg·g–1 DW—an increase of 17% from the control. These results indicate that pomegranate plants have a strong capability to exclude Na and Cl accumulation in leaf tissue. In conclusion, the pomegranate plant is very tolerant to saline water irrigation up to an EC of 15 dS·m–1 with little foliar salt damage and a slight growth reduction. Investigation is needed to determine the effects of saline water on the fruit yield and nutritional quality of pomegranate.

scholarly journals Physiological and proteomics insights into salt tolerance of two Jerusalem artichoke cultivars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Yang ◽  
Xing Sun ◽  
Juhua Zhu ◽  
Yenan Liu ◽  
Ni Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Chloroplast Ultrastructure ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Adaptive Mechanism ◽  
Helianthus Tuberosus ◽  
Marginal Lands ◽  
Saline Environment ◽  
Proteomics Approach ◽  
Half Strength

AbstractJerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is an insulin-containing crop, which has been paid an intensive attention in recent decades. Although, some progress has been made in the biochemistry of Jerusalem artichokes (JA), the inner adaptive mechanism of salt tolerance among JA varieties is still unclear. Elucidating salt-tolerant differences by integrated stress physiology and proteomics approach will provide comprehensive insights into their adaptive mechanism for various JA varieties, therefore serving for the large-scare cultivation in salt-affected marginal lands. JA seedlings were initially grown in half-strength Hoagland solution, and then exposed to 100 and 200 mM NaCl for 30 days. We found that salt stress decreased the plant height, root length, fresh and dry weight in both varieties, and the decreasing extents of N1 (Helianthus tuberosus var. N1) was greater than M1 (Helianthus tuberosus var. M1). Chloroplast ultrastructure in N1 was severely damaged, but appeared unaltered in M1. Also, N1 remained lower selective for K+ over Na+, exhibiting more Na+ accumulation in plant tissues compared to M1. Penetrating cutting-edge elementary proteomic results showed the regulation of protein expression in M1 was much more positive than in N1. Taken together, these results illustrated the considerable differences in adaption to saline environment between varieties. Graphic abstract

Relation between level of autumn dormancy and salt tolerance in lucerne (Medicago sativa)

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunyong Huang ◽  
Xiaoxia Dai ◽  
Yiquan Xu ◽  
Shibing Dang ◽  
Tianran Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Fall Dormancy ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Subordinate Function ◽  
The Relationship

Experiments were conducted to study the relationship between autumn (fall) dormancy rating (FDR) and salt tolerance of lucerne (alfalfa, Medicago sativa L.). Seeds of eight cultivars with different FDRs (range 2.0–10.2) were germinated in a growth chamber under five concentrations of NaCl (range 0–1.2%). A subordinate function value method was adopted for comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance of the lucerne cultivars. Seed germination rate and germination potential, and seedling electrolyte leakage, shoot length, root length, fresh weight, root : shoot length ratio, Na+ and K+ concentrations and K+ : Na+ ratio were used as the indices of evaluation. Under 1.2% salt treatment, salt-tolerance ranking of the cultivars was WL656HQ > WL440HQ > WL712HQ > WL525HQ > WL343HQ > WL319HQ > WL363HQ > WL168HQ, with respective FDRs of 9.3, 6.0, 10.2, 8.2, 3.9, 2.8, 4.9 and 2.0. The results of this study show that non-dormant cultivars were generally more salt tolerant than dormant cultivars.

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