Evidentiality in Selibu

Diachronica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Hiroyuki Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Type ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Hybrid Features ◽  
Structural Formation ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Northwest Yunnan ◽  
Grammatical Morphemes ◽  
Mixed Language

Abstract Selibu is a Mandarin-Khams Tibetan mixed language with about 900 native speakers in northwest Yunnan, People’s Republic of China. As a Form-Semantics mixed language, it derives most of its lexicon and grammatical morphemes from Southwest Mandarin and borrows its morphosyntactic and semantic structure from Alangu Tibetan. This article examines the contact-induced emergence of a five-category complex evidential system in Selibu with a detailed comparison with its source system in the model language, Alangu Tibetan. Our discussion focuses on the hybrid features of Selibu evidentiality in both forms and functions and also on its structural formation, which does not represent a Form-Semantics mixed type in this particular domain.

SYNONYMY OF STABLE PHRASES IN THE DICTIONARY OF SMOLENSK DIALECTS: THE ANALYSIS EXPERIENCE

2019 ◽  
pp. 122-132
Author(s):  
Nina Maksimchuk
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
National Language ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Spiritual World ◽  
Key Word ◽  
The World ◽  
Volumetric Representation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Linguistic Units

The attention of modern linguistics to the study of verbal representatives of the mental essence (both individual and collective one) of the native speakers involves an appeal to all subsystems of the national language where territorial dialects take a significant part. The analysis of dialect linguistic units possessing linguistic and cultural value is considered as a necessary way for the study of people’s worldview and perception of the world, national mentality as a whole. The ability of stable phrases (phraseological units) to preserve and express a native speaker’s attitude to the world around them is the basis for the use of the analysis of folk phraseology as a way of penetration into a speaker’s spiritual world. Volumetric representation of the external and internal peculiarities of stable phrases allows the author to get their systematization in the form of phraseosemantic field consisting of different kinds singled out in phraseosemantic groups. The article deals with stable phrases of synonymic value recorded in the Dictionary of Smolensk dialects and stable phrases forming a phraseosemantic group. These phrases are analyzed taking into account the semantic structure of the key word, the characteristics of the dependent word, and the method of forming phraseological semantics. On the example of the analysis of phrases with the key word «bit’» and a synonymic series with the semantic dominant «bezdel’nichat’», the article discusses the peculiarities of phraseological nomination in Smolensk dialects and confirms a high level of connotativity and evaluation in the folk phraseology.

Vowel system or vowel systems?

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-292
Author(s):  
Wilkinson Daniel Wong Gonzales ◽  
Rebecca Lurie Starr
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Language Ecology ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Mixed Language ◽  
Contact Language ◽  
Vowel Systems ◽  
Mixed Code ◽  
Mixed Languages

Abstract The Manila variety of Philippine Hybrid Hokkien (PHH-M) or Lánnang-uè is a contact language used by the metropolitan Manila Chinese Filipinos; it is primarily comprised of Hokkien, Tagalog/Filipino, and English elements. Approaching PHH-M as a mixed language, we investigate linguistically and socially conditioned variation in the monophthongs of PHH-M, focusing on the extent to which the vowel systems of the three source languages have converged. This analysis draws on data gathered from 34 native speakers; Pillai scores are calculated to assess the degree of merger. Contrary to certain predictions of prior work on mixed languages, PHH-M is found to have a unified, eight-vowel inventory distinct from any of its sources. Older women use more stable vowels across source languages, suggesting that they have led in the development of PHH-M as a mixed code; however, signs of change among younger women suggest either the endangerment of the code or its evolution in response to the community’s shifting identity. We contextualize our conclusions in relation to the sociohistory and language ecology of metropolitan Manila’s Chinese Filipino community.

On twittizens and city residents

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-41
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Tarasova ◽  
Natalia Beliaeva
Keyword(s):  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
Semantic Relationships ◽  
Experimental Findings

Abstract The present study analyses native speaker perceptions of the differences in the semantic structure of compounds and blends to specify whether the formal differences between compounds and blends are reflected on the semantic level. Viewpoints on blending vary, with some researchers considering it to be an instance of compounding (Kubozono, 1990), while others identify blending as an interim word formation mechanism between compounding and shortening (López Rúa, 2004). The semantic characteristics of English determinative blends and N+N subordinative compounds are compared by evaluating the differences in native speakers’ perceptions of the semantic relationships between constituents of the analysed structures. The results of two web-based experiments demonstrate that readers’ interpretations of both compounds and blends differ in terms of lexical indicators of semantic relations between the elements of these units. The experimental findings indicate that language users’ interpretation of both compounds and blends includes information on semantic relationships. The differences in the effect of the semantic relations on interpretations is likely to be connected to the degree of formal transparency of these units.

scholarly journals SEMANTICS OF THE KHANTY ADJECTIVES CHARACTERIZING WEATHER PHENOMENA

2021 ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
ANASTASIA A. SHIYANOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Weather Events

The article considers the semantic structure of the Khanty adjectives characterizing weather phenomena. The study is carried out on the material of Western dialects of Khanty - Kazymsky, Shuryshkar and Priural. The material for the study was a card file composed of examples of bilingual dictionaries on the Khanty language, folklore collections and samples of spoken speech collected from Khanty native speakers. The result of the study was a description of the semantics of the language units characterizing weather events in all studied dialects of the Khanty language. Five word-building patterns were discovered for the adjectives: 1) «N+ =әӈ/=єӈ», 2) «N + =ԓы», 3) «N + =и/=ы», 4) «V + =ам/=әм», 5) «N + =ам». These adjectives form 4 lexico-semantic groups. Neither systematization of these lexico-semantic groups has been previously performed, nor the 5 word-building patterns have been previously reported in the literature devoted to the Khanty language. Another contribution was clarification of lexical units characterizing natural phenomena.

scholarly journals SILA ASSOCIATIVE FIELD: EVOLUTION OF CONTENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
T.M. Nizamutinova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Far East ◽  
European Part ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Russian Language

The article is devoted to the analysis of changes in the content of the linguistic consciousness of the young generation of Russian native speakers in the period from 1988 to 2018 on the material of the SILA (force / power / strength) associative field according to associative dictionaries of the Russian language. In the process of analysis, differences are revealed in the semantic structure of the field and the value orientations of young people at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries. The study was carried out by analyzing the reactions of the SILA associative field in the Russian Associative Dictionary (RAS), the Russian Regional Dictionary of the European Part (EURAS), the Russian Regional Associative Database (Siberia and the Far East) (SIBAS). As a result, differences in the value orientations of Russian young people have been revealed for the late 20th and early 21st centuries.

Code mixing in mother–child interaction in deaf families

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 153-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beppie van denBogaerde ◽  
Anne Baker
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Mixed Type ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Mixed Language ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Hearing Children ◽  
Mixed Code ◽  
Strict Definition

In this paper we discuss the mixed language input of four deaf mothers and the mixed output of their three deaf and three hearing children. Taking a strict definition of code-mixing (as defined by Muysken 2000) we find that the deaf mothers mainly use a form of code-mixing, or mixed code-blending, called congruent lexicalization, which results in a mixed form between NGT (Sign Language of the Netherlands) and Dutch in a structure which is compatible with both NGT and Dutch. The deaf children (up to 3 years), who are only just beginning to become bilingual, hardly produce any code-mixed utterances. The hearing children, however, are clearly bilingual in NGT and Dutch, and use code-blending of the mixed type in more or less the same form as their mother does.

scholarly journals Temne

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sullay M. Kanu ◽  
Benjamin V. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Class Membership ◽  
Class System ◽  
Basic Word ◽  
Southern Branch ◽  
Noun Class

Temne belongs to the South Atlantic Group of Niger-Congo (formerly the Southern Branch of the Atlantic Group of Niger-Congo; Blench 2006, Childs 2010) spoken in the northern part of Sierra Leone. According to Ethnologue (ISO 639–3: tem, Lewis 2009), Temne has a population of about 1.2 million native speakers. Like other South Atlantic languages, Temne is a tonal language with a noun class system, prefixed noun class markers and agreeing prefixes on dependent elements. Features determining class membership include number and animacy. Temne also features extension suffixes which alter the valency or the semantic structure of simple verb stems. The basic word order is Subject–Verb–Object.

scholarly journals تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها بين الأغراض الخاصة وأغراض الحياة: مقاربة نظرية وتطبيقية وآفاق مستقبلية/Teaching the Arabic Language for Non-native speakers in between Special and General Life purposes: A theoretical and applied approaches, and future

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rijan Abduh Obeidat ◽  
Mohammed, A. Al-Qudah
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Teaching Programs ◽  
Research Centres

ملخص البحث: يهدف هذا البحث إلى إجراء مقارنة تفصيليّة بين تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بلغات أخرى، للأغراض الخاصة، وتعليمها لأغراض الحياة (الأغراض العامة)، مع إجراء دراسة ميدانية على عينة من متعلمي العربية من غير الناطقين بها، في مركز اللغات في جامعة اليرموك للوقوف عند مدى قدرة الطلبة على تحديد الغرض من تعلّمهم للغة العربية، وتحديد حاجاتهم لها. وقد اُعتمد في البحث على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي المستند إلى دراسة تطبيقية تعتمد على استبانة محدَّدة الأسئلة. وكان من أبرز النتائج التي توصّل إليها البحث: غياب الاستراتيجية العربية الموحَّدة على غرار الاستراتيجية الأوروبية في تعليم اللغات الحية (ومنها العربية)، وغلبة الرؤى الفردية التي يقدّمها دارسون مختصون، أو مراكز بحثية صغيرة، فيما يتعلق بالجانب النظري والتطبيقي على صعيد بناء البرامج، وغياب الجهود الجماعيّة المتكاملة التي تراكم الخبرات وتستفيد منها، والقصور الواضح في الدراسات التطبيقية التي تقدّم برامج لتعليم العربية لأغراض خاصة، والتداخل بين المفهومات الاصطلاحية، ولاسيّما العربية للحياة والعربية لأغراض خاصة، وغلبة الطابع الاجتهادي لبرامج العربية لكافة برامج تعليم العربية لغير الناطقين بها، نتيجة غياب الاستراتيجية العربية الموحدة. الكلمات المفتاحية: الناطقين بلغات أخرى-العربية للحياة-العربية لأغراض خاصّة-الفروق.   Abstract The study aims at conducting a detailed comparison between the teaching of Arabic language for non-native speakers for special and general purposes. A field study was conducted on a sample of non-native Arabic language learners at the Languages Center at Yarmouk university to identify the learners’ ability to determine their purpose and need of studying the Arabic language. The descriptive analytical methods were used in the applied part of the study through a limited number of questionnaires. The most salient conclusions  of the study are: lack of unified Arab strategy similar to European strategy for teaching live languages (including Arabic); dominance of individual visions, provided by specialized scholars or small research centres, concerning theoretical and applied aspects on creating programs as well as the lack of integrated and collective efforts that accumulate experiences to benefit from them; the clear shortage in applied studies that offer programs for teaching Arabic, for special purposes; overlapping between concept to understand teaching Arabic for life and Arabic for special purposes; dominance of ad hoc approach in Arabic language for all Arabic language teaching programs for foreigners, as a result of the lack of unified Arab strategy. Keywords: teaching Arabic language, non-native speakers, special purposes, life purposes.   Abstrak Kajian ini bertujuan membandingkan di antara mengajar bahasa Arab kepada bukan penutur asli untuk tujuan umum dan khusus. Satu kajian lapangan telah dijalankan terhadap pelajar-pelajar bukan Arab di Pusat Bahasa Universiti Yarmouk untuk mengenalpasti kebolehan mereka untuk menentukan tujuan dan keperluan mempelajari bahasa Arab. Metod deskriptif dan analitikal digunakan untuk bahagian practical kajian melalui agihan soal selidik. Di antara dapatan terpenting kajian ialah: kekurangan strategi bersama Arab yang serupa dengan strategi negara Eropah untuk mengajar bahasa hidup (termasuk bahasa Arab) ; penguasaan visi individu yang diberikan oleh pakar atau pusat-pusat kajian yang kecil berkenaan aspek-aspek teori dan praktikal dalam membuat program juga kekurangan kerjasama untuk memanfaatkan pengalaman masing-masing sebaik mungkin; kekurangan yang jelas dalam kajian gunaan yang menawarkan kursus-kursus dalam pengajaran Bahasa Arab untuk tujuan khas; pertindihan di antara konsep untuk memahami pengajaran bahasa Arab untuk tujuan kehidupan dan khas; banyaknya pendekatan tidak terancang dalam program pengajaran Bahasa Arab kepada bukan Arab kerana ketiadaan inisiatif strategik untuk mengisi jurang tersebut. Kata kunci: Pengajaran Bahasa Arab – bukan penutur Arab asal – tujuan khas – tujuan kehidupan  

scholarly journals Features of the Semantic-Syntactic Process of Adverbialisation in Modern Colloquial Speech

2019 ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
Anna Degaltseva
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
Syntactic Process ◽  
Basic Proposition ◽  
Objective Content ◽  
Confidence Category ◽  
Colloquial Speech

The study of semantic-syntactic compression is an urgent linguistic problem. One of the processes that lead to the statement meaning complication is adverbialisation, the essence of which is that the adverb, which is grammatically dependent on the verb, semantically refers to the statement or one of its basic proposition components. This work is carried out in line with semantic syntax and is devoted to studying the adverbial complicator functioning (adverbs that complicate the semantic structure of the sentence) in modern colloquial speech. Native speakers use these language units to add event propositions, logical propositions of characterization or comparison to a statement, to characterize the actants of basic propositions and to express the confidence category or the statement objective content evaluation as well. The adverbial complicators which can be transformed into social actions, emotional or mental states of a subject prevail in colloquial speech. Adverbs-complicators are used most frequently with the verbs of speech and intellectual activity expressing the emotional or mental state of a person. Adverbs that involve logical propositions are usually used to describe a person's behavior or character. Such language units, which are used to evaluate the objective content of a statement, prevail among the adverbs expressing modus categories.

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