scholarly journals Features of the Semantic-Syntactic Process of Adverbialisation in Modern Colloquial Speech

2019 ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
Anna Degaltseva
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
Syntactic Process ◽  
Basic Proposition ◽  
Objective Content ◽  
Confidence Category ◽  
Colloquial Speech

The study of semantic-syntactic compression is an urgent linguistic problem. One of the processes that lead to the statement meaning complication is adverbialisation, the essence of which is that the adverb, which is grammatically dependent on the verb, semantically refers to the statement or one of its basic proposition components. This work is carried out in line with semantic syntax and is devoted to studying the adverbial complicator functioning (adverbs that complicate the semantic structure of the sentence) in modern colloquial speech. Native speakers use these language units to add event propositions, logical propositions of characterization or comparison to a statement, to characterize the actants of basic propositions and to express the confidence category or the statement objective content evaluation as well. The adverbial complicators which can be transformed into social actions, emotional or mental states of a subject prevail in colloquial speech. Adverbs-complicators are used most frequently with the verbs of speech and intellectual activity expressing the emotional or mental state of a person. Adverbs that involve logical propositions are usually used to describe a person's behavior or character. Such language units, which are used to evaluate the objective content of a statement, prevail among the adverbs expressing modus categories.

SYNONYMY OF STABLE PHRASES IN THE DICTIONARY OF SMOLENSK DIALECTS: THE ANALYSIS EXPERIENCE

2019 ◽  
pp. 122-132
Author(s):  
Nina Maksimchuk
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
National Language ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Spiritual World ◽  
Key Word ◽  
The World ◽  
Volumetric Representation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Linguistic Units

The attention of modern linguistics to the study of verbal representatives of the mental essence (both individual and collective one) of the native speakers involves an appeal to all subsystems of the national language where territorial dialects take a significant part. The analysis of dialect linguistic units possessing linguistic and cultural value is considered as a necessary way for the study of people’s worldview and perception of the world, national mentality as a whole. The ability of stable phrases (phraseological units) to preserve and express a native speaker’s attitude to the world around them is the basis for the use of the analysis of folk phraseology as a way of penetration into a speaker’s spiritual world. Volumetric representation of the external and internal peculiarities of stable phrases allows the author to get their systematization in the form of phraseosemantic field consisting of different kinds singled out in phraseosemantic groups. The article deals with stable phrases of synonymic value recorded in the Dictionary of Smolensk dialects and stable phrases forming a phraseosemantic group. These phrases are analyzed taking into account the semantic structure of the key word, the characteristics of the dependent word, and the method of forming phraseological semantics. On the example of the analysis of phrases with the key word «bit’» and a synonymic series with the semantic dominant «bezdel’nichat’», the article discusses the peculiarities of phraseological nomination in Smolensk dialects and confirms a high level of connotativity and evaluation in the folk phraseology.

Metaphorical expressives in Tuvan lexicography

2021 ◽  
pp. 252-264
Author(s):  
E. K. Annai ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Differentiation Process ◽  
Emotional Pain ◽  
Head Pain ◽  
Colloquial Speech ◽  
Language Influence ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
New Formation

Fixation and assignment of labels to specific semantic derivation cases, namely metaphorical expressives (expressive lexical units) in Tuvan dictionaries, are considered and compared with their Russian equivalents. The Russian language influence on the semantic structure of the Tuvan lexemes is observed. Metaphorical expressives are lexemes formed by metaphorical derivation resulting in new (figurative) meanings without changing the form. The number of such units in the colloquial speech was found to increase under the Russian language influence in recent decades. New formation models non-typical for Tuvan but common in Russian have appeared. Also, the calques of Russian expressives based on models absent in Tuvan were found: bash aaryy (lit.: head pain) → “person or problem causing emotional pain or frustration to the speaker” from Russian golovnaya bol’ with the same meaning. The analysis showed Tuvan dictionaries not to reflect this phenomenon sufficiently, i.e., word figurative meanings, namely metaphorical expressives, are not represented there broadly enough. It may be because the labels marking certain words’ usage areas, particularly the label razg. (colloquial speech) is used rather liberally since the stylistic differentiation process is still ongoing in standard Tuvan. While actively used in oral colloquial speech, most expressive meanings of polysemantic words revealed in the study are not found in Tuvan dictionaries. In Russian, there are special colloquial dictionaries, as well as regional dictionaries with stylistic labels. There are no such dictionaries in Tuvan, mostly due to its vague stylistic differentiation. However, the Tuvan language is still evolving, with dictionaries updated accordingly.

On twittizens and city residents

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-41
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Tarasova ◽  
Natalia Beliaeva
Keyword(s):  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
Semantic Relationships ◽  
Experimental Findings

Abstract The present study analyses native speaker perceptions of the differences in the semantic structure of compounds and blends to specify whether the formal differences between compounds and blends are reflected on the semantic level. Viewpoints on blending vary, with some researchers considering it to be an instance of compounding (Kubozono, 1990), while others identify blending as an interim word formation mechanism between compounding and shortening (López Rúa, 2004). The semantic characteristics of English determinative blends and N+N subordinative compounds are compared by evaluating the differences in native speakers’ perceptions of the semantic relationships between constituents of the analysed structures. The results of two web-based experiments demonstrate that readers’ interpretations of both compounds and blends differ in terms of lexical indicators of semantic relations between the elements of these units. The experimental findings indicate that language users’ interpretation of both compounds and blends includes information on semantic relationships. The differences in the effect of the semantic relations on interpretations is likely to be connected to the degree of formal transparency of these units.

scholarly journals SEMANTICS OF THE KHANTY ADJECTIVES CHARACTERIZING WEATHER PHENOMENA

2021 ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
ANASTASIA A. SHIYANOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Weather Events

The article considers the semantic structure of the Khanty adjectives characterizing weather phenomena. The study is carried out on the material of Western dialects of Khanty - Kazymsky, Shuryshkar and Priural. The material for the study was a card file composed of examples of bilingual dictionaries on the Khanty language, folklore collections and samples of spoken speech collected from Khanty native speakers. The result of the study was a description of the semantics of the language units characterizing weather events in all studied dialects of the Khanty language. Five word-building patterns were discovered for the adjectives: 1) «N+ =әӈ/=єӈ», 2) «N + =ԓы», 3) «N + =и/=ы», 4) «V + =ам/=әм», 5) «N + =ам». These adjectives form 4 lexico-semantic groups. Neither systematization of these lexico-semantic groups has been previously performed, nor the 5 word-building patterns have been previously reported in the literature devoted to the Khanty language. Another contribution was clarification of lexical units characterizing natural phenomena.

scholarly journals SILA ASSOCIATIVE FIELD: EVOLUTION OF CONTENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
T.M. Nizamutinova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Far East ◽  
European Part ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Russian Language

The article is devoted to the analysis of changes in the content of the linguistic consciousness of the young generation of Russian native speakers in the period from 1988 to 2018 on the material of the SILA (force / power / strength) associative field according to associative dictionaries of the Russian language. In the process of analysis, differences are revealed in the semantic structure of the field and the value orientations of young people at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries. The study was carried out by analyzing the reactions of the SILA associative field in the Russian Associative Dictionary (RAS), the Russian Regional Dictionary of the European Part (EURAS), the Russian Regional Associative Database (Siberia and the Far East) (SIBAS). As a result, differences in the value orientations of Russian young people have been revealed for the late 20th and early 21st centuries.

Pointing backward and forward

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Pauletto ◽  
Camilla Bardel
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Advanced Level ◽  
Discourse Marker ◽  
Proficiency Levels ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
Qualitative Analyses

In this study, we analyze the kind of actions L1 and L2 speakers of Italian perform by prefacing their responsive turns with the discourse marker be’. As a baseline, the article begins with an analysis of how native speakers of Italian use be’. We then carry out quantitative and qualitative analyses of the use of be’ in a number of L2 learners at different proficiency levels from three data sets of different types of interactions between students and native speakers of Italian. In the qualitative analysis, we adopt a conversation analytic perspective. The results suggest that both native speakers and L2 speakers, from intermediate to advanced level, perform a variety of social actions by be’-prefacing their responsive turns.

scholarly journals Temne

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sullay M. Kanu ◽  
Benjamin V. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Class Membership ◽  
Class System ◽  
Basic Word ◽  
Southern Branch ◽  
Noun Class

Temne belongs to the South Atlantic Group of Niger-Congo (formerly the Southern Branch of the Atlantic Group of Niger-Congo; Blench 2006, Childs 2010) spoken in the northern part of Sierra Leone. According to Ethnologue (ISO 639–3: tem, Lewis 2009), Temne has a population of about 1.2 million native speakers. Like other South Atlantic languages, Temne is a tonal language with a noun class system, prefixed noun class markers and agreeing prefixes on dependent elements. Features determining class membership include number and animacy. Temne also features extension suffixes which alter the valency or the semantic structure of simple verb stems. The basic word order is Subject–Verb–Object.

scholarly journals PERM STUDENTS’ IDEASOF THE LANGUAGE NORM AND SPEECH CULTURE: EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
Anastasiia S. Chernousova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Material ◽  
The One ◽  
Colloquial Speech

The article describes the results of a pilot sociolinguistic experiment the purpose of which was to study the ideas of modern youth about the language norm and speech culture. The main research question was how this social group assesses linguistic innovations / transformations and other facts of modern Russian speech. The research material was collected by means of a survey in which 80 informants took part. The task was to identify and analyze opinions on the concept of ‘speech culture’ and its features, ‘degradation’ / ‘non-degradation’ of the language, as well as the influence of the popular Russian TV series Real’nye patsany (Real Guys) on the creation of the image of Perm residents. The research results reveal the problems of speech culture essential from the point of view of young speakers, the most striking of which are the insufficient purity of speech, unjustified borrowing, and spelling mistakes. The presence of diametrically opposite ideas of the currently occurring processes (from the recognition of innovations to the idea of complete degradation) indicates that informants recognize the process of constant development of the language, which is, on the one hand, naturally-determined and, on the other, beyond the control of native speakers. The informants distinguish between the norm of the literary language and the norms of other language variants (for example, local variants of literary colloquial speech, various types of jargon), determine for each of the idioms their own sphere of functioning, socio-cultural environment, circle of speakers and, accordingly, their own evaluative characteristics of language variants, which do not always coincide with others.

scholarly journals The left and right periphery in native and non-native speech – A comparative study between French L1/L2, Spanish L1/L2 and Swedish L1

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Fant ◽  
Inge Bartning ◽  
Rakel Österberg
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Native Speech ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Colloquial Speech

AbstractHigh-proficient Swedish users of L2 French and Spanish were compared with native speakers of French, Spanish and Swedish with regard to how the syntactic peripheries in natural colloquial speech are structured. Two different though interrelated aspects were included: thus a cross-linguistic analysis comparing the three native speaker groups is combined with an analysis addressing the question of the upper limits of L2 acquisition. All left peripheral (LP) and right peripheral (RP) constituents of a corpus of 110,759 words were classified in a taxonomy relying both on syntactic and functional-pragmatic criteria. The cross-linguistic analysis showed that French and Spanish L1 speakers produced significantly longer LP sequences than the Swedish L1 speakers, who, in turn, put conspicuously more weight on the RP. Significant differences between the three languages were also found with regard to several LP and RP constituent categories. The L2 acquisition-oriented analysis showed that with few exceptions the high-proficient L2 users behaved like L1 users. Although a few interlanguage-related phenomena could be observed, no instances of any clear transfer from the speaker’s L1 appeared in either L2 speaker group.

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