scholarly journals The editor’s invisibility

Target ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Bisiada
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Translation Product ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Parallel Corpus

Abstract Most corpus-based studies of translation use published texts as the basis for their corpus. This overlooks interventions by other agents involved in translation such as editors, who may have significant influence on the translated text. In order to study editors’ influence on the translation product, this paper presents a comparative analysis of manuscript and published translations, which allows a differentiation of actual translated language and edited translated language. Based on a tripartite parallel corpus of English business articles and their translations into German, I analyse translators’ and editors’ influence on grammatical metaphoricity of the text, specifically on the use of nominalisations. One finding is that a significant amount of nominalisation is re-verbalised by editors. The results show that translated language may often be the result of significant editorial intervention. Thus, by just considering source text and published translation, our picture of what translators actually do may be significantly distorted.

scholarly journals Makna Kafir dalam Al-Qur'an (Studi Komparatif Penafsiran Ibnu Kasir dan Quraish Shihab)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Ahmad Farhan ◽  
Deden Bagus Putra
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Difference

The word infidel is mentioned 525 times in the Qur'an. The use of this word infidel has various meanings as in the QS. Ali 'Imran:151, the word infidels are those who associate partners with Allah while in QS. Luqman:12, the Qur'an calls the disbelievers those who disbelieve in the favors of Allah. The difference in the term infidel is not only limited to the verses of the Qur'an, but also applies among commentators, scholars, intellectuals, to ordinary people, including in the understanding of Indonesian society. This research is entitled "The Meaning of Kafir in the Qur'an (Comparative Study of the Interpretation of Ibn Kasir and M. Qurais Shihab)". In order to significantly answer the questions that arise; what is the meaning of infidel in the Qur'an according to Ibn Kasir in the book of Tafsir al-Qur'an al-'Azhim and M. Quraish Shihab in the book of Tafsir al-Misbah, similarities and differences in interpretation, and the relevance of their interpretation in the Indonesian context. This research is a library research that uses descriptive comparative analysis research method with a historical approach. The results of this study are: the socio-historical context, sources of interpretation, methods, and styles have a significant influence in producing differences in the interpretation of the Qur'an, especially regarding the meaning of kafir. Between Ibn Kasir and M. Quraish Shihab agreed to interpret the word infidel in the form of isim jama 'muzakkar salim (الكَافِرُوْنَ) in five (5) verses, namely QS. al-Mai'dah: 44, QS. al-A'raf: 45, QS. al-Taubah: 32, QS. al-Ankabut: 47, and QS. al-Rum: 8 with the meaning of denying and covering, but differing in explaining the interpretation of the five verses, although the difference is not that far away. The interpretations of the two figures in this thesis are very relevant to the context of Indonesia which is multi-religious and multi-cultural.

scholarly journals Oswajanie obcości kulturowej w przekładzie literatury dziecięcej. Przypadek Domowych duchów Dubravki Ugrešić

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Ślawska
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Children's Literature ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Translation Strategies

The Domestication of Cultural Strangeness in the Translation of Children's Literature: The case of Dubravka Ugrešić's Kućni duhovi [Home Ghosts]This article is devoted to the Polish translation of Kućni duhovi [Home Ghosts], a collection of short stories by Dubravka Ugrešić, her only book addressed to the youngest readers which has been published outside Croatia. The study focuses on the issue of cultural strangeness generated mostly by proper names that appear in the stories: ghosts' names, and the names and surnames of other characters. In her translation, Dorota Jovanka Ćirlić domesticated the source text, replacing all of them with Polish equivalents. The comparative analysis presented in this article considers translation strategies she used and illustrates them with numerous examples. Oswajanie obcości kulturowej w przekładzie literatury dziecięcej. Przypadek Domowych duchów Dubravki UgrešićNiniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest przekładowi na język polski zbioru opowiadań Dubravki Ugrešić pt. Domowe duchy. Jest to jedyna książka pisarki adresowana do najmłodszych czytelników, która ukazała się poza granicami Chorwacji. Szczególna uwaga skierowana została na kwestię obcości kulturowej, którą w książce Ugrešić generują przede wszystkim nazwy własne (nazwy duchów, imiona i nazwiska pozostałych bohaterów). Dorota Jovanka Ćirlić, autorka przekładu, dokonała udomowienia tekstu źródłowego, zastępując wszystkie nazwy własne, pojawiające się w oryginale, polskimi ekwiwalentami. Zastosowane przez tłumaczkę strategie translatorskie zostały omówione oraz zilustrowane licznymi przykładami w toku analizy porównawczej.

scholarly journals Influence of the composition and synthesis technology on the physical chemical and performance properties of foam materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 329 ◽  
pp. 02038
Author(s):  
Engel Galimov ◽  
Nazirya Galimova ◽  
Elmira Sharafutdinova ◽  
Vladimir Samoylov ◽  
Egor Danilov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Porous Materials ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Metal Foams ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Carbon Foams ◽  
And Performance

The comparative analysis of a combination of primary properties of foam materials made using the different starting components and technologies was made. According to the review of the literature and analysis of the experimental data, the paper shows a significant influence the starting components and process approaches have on the properties of the materials. The comparison of material properties revealed that the properties of syntactic carbon foams are higher than those of other porous materials, including metal foams, and comply with the specification.

scholarly journals Multidimensional Comparative Analysis of Demographic Growth of Voivodeships in Poland

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 5-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Sojka
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Development Pattern ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Demographic Growth ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Multidimensional Comparative Analysis of Demographic Growth of Voivodeships in Poland The article presents results of a multidimensional comparative analysis of the level of demographic development of voivodeships in Poland in years 1999-2006. Hellwig's synthetic measure of a development pattern was applied and on its basis the classification of voivodeships into homogenous typological groups was carried out with regard to demographic development.The results of the research have pointed to a significant influence of socio-economic factors on the extent of advancement of given voivodeships in reaching a modern type of population reproduction.

scholarly journals IMPLICIT LOGICAL-SEMANTIC RELATIONS AND A METHOD OF THEIR IDENTIFICATION IN PARALLEL TEXTS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Goncharov ◽  
◽  
O. Yu. Inkova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Original Definition ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
Parallel Texts ◽  
Logical Semantic

One of the main characteristics of logical-semantic relations (LSRs) between two fragments of a text is that these relations can be either explicit (expressed by some marker, e.g. a connective) or implicit (derived from the interrelation of these fragments’ semantics). Since implicit LSRs do not have any marker, it is difficult to find them in a text (whether automatically or not). In this paper, approaches to analysing implicit LSRs are compared, an original definition for them is offered and differences between implicit LSRs and LSRs expressed by non-prototypical means are described. A method is proposed to identify implicit LSRs using a parallel corpus and a supracorpora database of connectives. Based on the well-known statement that LSRs can be explicitated by adding connectives in the translation, it is argued here that through selecting pairs in which fragments where a connective is used to express an LSR in the translation correspond to those containing any of the translation stimuli standard for this connective in the source language, it is possible to get an array of contexts in which this LSR is implicit in the source text (or expressed by means other than connectives). This method is then applied to study the French causal connectives car, parce que and puisque using a Russian-French parallel corpus. The corpus data are analysed to obtain information about LSRs particularly about cases where the causal LSR in Russian is implicit, as well as about the use of causal connectives in French. These results are used to show that the method proposed allows to quickly create a representative array of contexts with implicit LSRs, which can be useful in both text analysis and in machine learning.

scholarly journals Crossed transposition in a corpus-based study of motion in English and Spanish

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-229
Author(s):  
Belén Labrador
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Source Text ◽  
High Tendency ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Young Learners ◽  
Part Of Speech

Abstract The present paper reports on a translation-based teaching-oriented study of the expression of path and manner of motion (Talmy 1972) in English and Spanish. The aim is to explore contrastive differences by analysing translations, with special attention to crossed transposition (Molina and Hurtado Albir 2002), which implies a double shift of part-of-speech from the source text to the target text, and is the expected type of transfer between a satellite-framed language like English and a verb-framed language like Spanish. Two corpora have been used, a monolingual corpus of Children’s Short Stories, the CSS-corpus, and a parallel corpus English-Spanish, P-ACTRES 2.0. The results show a high tendency for implicitation of either path or manner and for compression in the translations into Spanish, whereas crossed transposition is preferred in the translations into English. Also, some pedagogical applications are suggested for including these motion expressions in TEFL to young learners through storytelling.

scholarly journals A Corpus-Based Analysis of Deontic Modality of Obligation and Prohibition in Arabic/English Constitutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 107-136
Author(s):  
Hanem El-Farahaty ◽  
Abdelhamid Elewa
Keyword(s):  
Legal Language ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Deontic Modals ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Detailed Classification ◽  
Deontic Modality

It is argued that legal language should be formal, precise and clear to avoid ambiguity and/or misunderstanding. As rights and duties are communicated through modals, clarity and precision in drafting and translating them is crucial. Otherwise, there is a possibility of conveying loose messages in the source text or different and/or inconsistent messages in the target text. However, the drafting of Arabic modal expressions does not follow clear guidelines, and their translation differs from one translator to another.  This paper investigates how deontic modality of obligation and prohibition is used in The Leeds Annotated Parallel Corpus of Arabic-English Constitutions in comparison to The Leeds Monolingual Corpus of English Constitutions. More specifically, the paper presents a classification of these modal expressions and investigates the different lexical variants expressed in a Corpus of Arabic Constitutions. The paper uses corpus-based tools to analyse the different lexical forms used for deontic modality of obligation and prohibition in Arabic and how they are rendered into English. Results of such analysis are compared to a non-translated Corpus of English Constitutions to find out whether the deontic meaning of the modals is comparable to the set of deontic modals used in the constitutions originally drafted in English. The corpus-based analysis gave a detailed classification of a variety of modal expressions used in the Arabic Corpus. It also showed that the translation of deontic modals of obligation and prohibition from Arabic into English is influenced by the source text lexical variations; however, the corpus techniques employed in the study managed to capture some comparable modals in both corpora.

A relevance-theoretic analysis of concept narrowing and broadening in English and Norwegian original texts and translations

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Lossius Falkum
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretic Analysis ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Conceptual Content ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Theoretic Point

This paper studies the lexical-pragmatic processes of narrowing and broadening of conceptual content in the relation between original texts and their corresponding translations in the English-Norwegian Parallel Corpus (ENPC) from a relevance-theoretic point of view. It is suggested that, in at least some cases, translations can be seen as a kind of mirror reflecting the pragmatic processes at work in lexical interpretation. A translator may choose to render an underspecified concept encoded in a source text by a word that more closely encodes the interpretation given to the concept in question, in which case the semantics/pragmatics distinction (as it applies to the source text) will be made explicit in the relation between source and target text. In other cases, the comparison of source and target text shows that similar lexical encodings in the two languages do not necessarily provide the same possibilities for lexical broadening.

Principal approaches to regulation of social networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Z.M. Chumachenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
Regulation Of Activity ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Monitoring Platform

Researched is the phenomena of social networks as in recent years were being inseparable part of modern reality, uniting in various estimations near 4 billion users in the world. As any other mass occasion in society, social networks have significant influence on society and naturally are in zone of special attention of state regulation. The aim of the article is to analyze approaches to regulation of social networks, using in various countries, as well as evaluation of their effectiveness. The research is based on data of sociological researchers of such monitoring platform as agencies Hootsuite, Brand Analitic and Statista. As methodological fundament are being traditional methods of scientific analysis, system and comparative analysis. The novelty of the research connected is with attempt to discuss various approaches of countries of the world to the problem of regulation of activity of social networks, and to mark their actual tendencies, plusses and minuses.

Translation of Politeness Strategies in Jane Austen’s Sense and Sensibility

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Henrietta László
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Parallel Analysis ◽  
Original Text ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
Back Translation ◽  
Sense And Sensibility ◽  
Linguistic Behaviour

The present article is a comparative analysis of negative politeness strategies in Jane Austen’s Sense and Sensibility and the Hungarian translation in Értelem és érzelem translated by Gerda Barcza. The aim of the article is to examine whether the politeness strategies applied by the characters in the source text remain the same type of politeness strategies in the target text as a result of the translation process. The article also endeavours to establish whether the politeness strategies employed by the characters in the Hungarian translation mirror the same character traits as in the original text. The article presents the parallel analysis of the negative politeness strategies in the source text and the target text used by several characters in the novel. The comparative analysis explores whether there are any changes in the characters’ linguistic behaviour as a result of the translation process. In order to show the differences between the source and the target text, we apply back translation, a translation that is as literal as possible to demonstrate the change of the politeness strategy. When no change is identified, no back translation is applied, only a detailed analysis and explanation is offered. The article presupposes that the politeness strategy in question will show only a slight change, therefore the characters will mirror the same traits as in the original text. The article ultimately aims to prove that the translation of the novel entitled Sense and Sensibility will not alter Jane Austen’s specific way of characterization.

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