scholarly journals Serum thymic hormone activity in genetically-obese mice

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Chandra ◽  
Gloria Heresi ◽  
B. Au
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Hormone Activity ◽  
Thymic Hormone ◽  
Hormone Levels

1. Serum thymic hormone was assayed in genetically-obese (C57B1/6J ob/ob) mice and lean controls (+/+, +/−) of the same strain.2. The thymic hormone activity was higher in the majority of the obese animals compared with non-obese mice.3. The number of antibody-forming cells in the spleen expressed as a proportion of the total mononuclear cells was increased in the obese mice.4. It is suggested that obesity is associated with significant changes in the thymic hormone levels which may alter the relative proportion of lymphocyte subsets and cell-mediated immunity.

scholarly journals A human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) clade A vaccine in clinical trials: stimulation of HIV-specific T-cell responses by DNA and recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vaccines in humans

2004 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 911-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matilu Mwau ◽  
Inese Cebere ◽  
Julian Sutton ◽  
Priscilla Chikoti ◽  
Nicola Winstone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Phase I Clinical Trials ◽  
Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

The immunogenicities of candidate DNA- and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)-vectored human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccines were evaluated on their own and in a prime–boost regimen in phase I clinical trials in healthy uninfected individuals in the United Kingdom. Given the current lack of approaches capable of inducing broad HIV-neutralizing antibodies, the pTHr.HIVA DNA and MVA.HIVA vaccines focus solely on the induction of cell-mediated immunity. The vaccines expressed a common immunogen, HIVA, which consists of consensus HIV-1 clade A Gag p24/p17 proteins fused to a string of clade A-derived epitopes recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Volunteers' fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells were tested for HIV-specific responses in a validated gamma interferon enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay using four overlapping peptide pools across the Gag domain and three pools of known CTL epitopes present in all of the HIVA protein. Both the DNA and the MVA vaccines alone and in a DNA prime–MVA boost combination were safe and induced HIV-specific responses in 14 out of 18, seven out of eight and eight out of nine volunteers, respectively. These results are very encouraging and justify further vaccine development.

scholarly journals A 70-Kilodalton Recombinant Heat Shock Protein ofCandida albicans Is Highly Immunogenic and Enhances Systemic Murine Candidiasis

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 2154-2162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Bromuro ◽  
Roberto La Valle ◽  
Silvia Sandini ◽  
Francesca Urbani ◽  
Clara M. Ausiello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACT The 70-kDa recombinant Candida albicans heat shock protein (CaHsp70) and its 21-kDa C-terminal and 28-kDa N-terminal fragments (CaHsp70-Cter and CaHsp70-Nter, respectively) were studied for their immunogenicity, including proinflammatory cytokine induction in vitro and in vivo, and protection in a murine model of hematogenous candidiasis. The whole protein and its two fragments were strong inducers of both antibody (Ab; immunoglobulin G1 [IgG1] and IgG2b were the prevalent isotypes) and cell-mediated immunity (CMI) responses in mice. CaHsp70 preparations were also recognized as CMI targets by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy human subjects. Inoculation of CaHsp70 preparations into immunized mice induced rapid production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha, peaking at 2 to 5 h and declining within 24 h. CaHsp70 and CaHsp70-Cter also induced gamma interferon (IFN-γ), IL-12, and IL-10 but not IL-4 production by CD4+ lymphocytes cocultured with splenic accessory cells from nonimmunized mice. In particular, the production of IFN-γ was equal if not superior to that induced in the same cells by whole, heat-inactivated fungal cells or the mitogenic lectin concanavalin A. In immunized mice, however, IL-4 but not IL-12 was produced in addition to IFN-γ upon in vitro stimulation of CD4+ cells with CaHsp70 and CaHsp70-Cter. These animals showed a decreased median survival time compared to nonimmunized mice, and their mortality was strictly associated with organ invasion by fungal hyphae. Their enhanced susceptibility was attributable to the immunization state, as it did not occur in congenitally athymic nude mice, which were unable to raise either Ab or CMI responses to CaHsp70 preparations. Together, our data demonstrate the elevated immunogenicity of CaHsp70, with which, however, no protection against but rather some enhancement of Candida infection seemed to occur in the mouse model used.

An inhibitor of thymic hormone activity in serum from patients with lymphoblastic leukemia

1980 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Twomey ◽  
V.M. Lewis ◽  
R. Ford ◽  
G. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Hormone Activity ◽  
Thymic Hormone

Serum Thymic Hormone Activity and Cell-Mediated Immunity in Healthy Neonates, Preterm Infants, and Small-for-Gestational Age Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-411
Author(s):  
R. K. Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Lymphocyte Stimulation ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Thymic Hormone ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age

Groups of healthy, small-for-gestational age (SGA) and preterm appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) infants were studied at birth, 1 month, 3 months, and 12 months of age. Serum thymic hormone (TH) activity was assayed, the number of T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood was counted, and in vitro lymphocyte stimulation responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were evaluated. TH activity was decreased in 1-month-old SGA infants. T cells were reduced in all low birth weight infants; the number reverted to normal by 3 months of age in preterm AGA infants, whereas it remained low for at least 12 months in the SGA group. Lymphocyte stimulation response was decreased in low birth weight infants; the extent of depression paralleled reduction in T lymphocyte number. These observations indicate that cell-mediated immunity is impaired in low birth weight newborns and reduced TH activity may be one of the pathogenetic factors involved. Persistent depression of immunocompetence may underlie the increased susceptibility of SGA infants to infection-related morbidity and mortality.

Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Human Malnutrition: Cytotoxic and Suppressor Cells

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-427
Author(s):  
R. K. Chandra
Keyword(s):  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Lymphocyte Subpopulations ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Surface Markers ◽  
And Function

Lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of young children with protein-calorie undernutrition were evalutated for surface markers and function. Thymus-dependent lymphocytes were reduced and the immunoglobulin-bearing B lymphocytes were unchanged. The relative proportion of the remaining "null" lymphoid cells was increased. Null cells and, to a lesser extent, B lymphocytes showed cytotoxic activity against xenogeneic target cells and suppressed phytohemagglutinin-induced DNA synthesis by normal T lymphocytes. It is suggested that these alterations in lymphoid subpopulations contribute to depressed cell-mediated immunity in malnutrition.

Efficient T-Cell Compartment in HIV-Positive Patients Receiving Orthotopic Liver Transplant and Immunosuppressive Therapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Franceschini ◽  
Sara De Biasi ◽  
Margherita Digaetano ◽  
Elena Bianchini ◽  
Domenico Lo Tartaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Liver Transplant ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽  
Orthotopic Liver Transplant ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Hiv Patients

Abstract Background In patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplant (OLT), immunosuppressive treatment is mandatory and infections are leading causes of morbidity/mortality. Thus, it is essential to understand the functionality of cell-mediated immunity after OLT. The aim of the study was to identify changes in T-cell phenotype and polyfunctionality in human immunodeficiency virus–positive (HIV+) and –negative (HIV–) patients undergoing immunosuppressive treatment after OLT. Methods We studied peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 108 subjects divided into 4 groups of 27: HIV+ transplanted patients, HIV– transplanted patients, HIV+ nontransplanted patients, and healthy subjects. T-cell activation, differentiation, and cytokine production were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results Median age was 55 years (interquartile range, 52–59 years); the median CD4 count in HIV+ patients was 567 cells/mL, and all had undetectable viral load. CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subpopulations showed different distributions between HIV+ and HIV– OLT patients. A cluster representing effector cells expressing PD1 was abundant in HIV– transplanted patients and they were characterized by higher levels of CD4+ T cells able to produce interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor–α. Conclusions HIV– transplanted patients have more exhausted or inflammatory T cells compared to HIV+ transplanted patients, suggesting that patients who have already experienced a form of immunosuppression due to HIV infection respond differently to anti-rejection therapy.

Retrospective Comparison of Lymphocyte Subsets in the Different Stage of Patients with Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease after HSCT for Possibility of Early Diagnosis.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 4967-4967
Author(s):  
Haizhou Xing ◽  
Xin Du ◽  
Jianyu Weng ◽  
Zesheng Lu ◽  
Jianjun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graft Versus Host Disease ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Becton Dickinson ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Host Disease ◽  
Graft Versus Host ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cd8 Cell

Abstract Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). It remains the most frequent complication following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, occurring in 30% to 70% of long-term survivors.[Lee SJ, Blood 2002 ]. An experienced clinician may be able to make a diagnosis of chronic GVHD based on classic manifestations such as lichenoid or sclerodermatous skin changes. If the findings are not typical, a tissue biopsy is warranted to aid the diagnosis and to determine if infection is present (A.L. Gilman Gilman and J. Serody seminhematol.2005). Recently, there are many research in lymphocyte subsets on cGVHD by using flowcytometry.It helps us to understand the mechsim about it, and could be help for diagnosis, staging, and response criteria in this disorder. However, the change of lymphocytes subsets is still unknown in the different stage of cGVHD. We are here to study the lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood with different stage of cGVHD after allo-HSCT. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from anticoagulated venous blood using lymphocyte separation medium according to manufacturer’s nstructions.Freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed. Fluorescein sothiocyanate conjugated monoclonal antibodies (Becton Dickinson, mAb) By using FACScalibur, (Becton Dickinson).The data of the two-group comparison was done on the analysis of variance and Students t test.According to the National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Project on Criteria for Clinical Trials in chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease in 2005, we analysis the diffierent groups with non-cGVHD, mild, moderate and severe cGVHD. The proportions of the lymphocyte subsets are different with the different stage of cGVHD. The more serious of cGVHD, the more proportions of the total lymphoctyes. B lymphocyte has significant difference with different stage of cGVHD, although the percentage of the total lymphocytes is 2.14%∼16.14% (P=0.0023). There is significant difference on the percent of CD8+ CD45RO+ cell among the non-cGVHD, mild cGVHD, moderate cGVHD or severe cGVHD(44.56%,46.59%,56.77% and 61.68%, respectively. P=0.0475). But the percent of CD4+CD25+ cell is higher than that of CD8+CD25+ cell (31.86%∼43.75%/4.50%∼7.08%)The percent of CD69+CD4+,CD69+CD8+ (CD95+CD4+, CD95+CD8+, CD28+ CD4+, CD28+CD8+ cell are not significant different within the different statue cGVHD. We can draw a conclusion as below: It may help for clinician to early diagnosis,stage using routine monoclone antibodies by flowcytometry. the percents of the lymphocyte subsets are different with the different status of cGVHD. With the more serious of cGVHD, the more proportions of the total lymphocytes; CD4+CD25+ cell ; CD3+CD8+ cell and B cell increase significantly, the percent of CD45RO+CD8+ cell and CD3+CD4+ cell drease at the same time. It may help for early diagnoses and treatment for the cGVHD.

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