Analysis of mortality rates for gallbladder cancer across the world

Abstract Background The Central African Republic (CAR) suffers a protracted conflict and has the second lowest human development index in the world. Available mortality estimates vary and differ in methodology. We undertook a retrospective mortality study in the Ouaka prefecture to obtain reliable mortality data. Methods We conducted a population-based two-stage cluster survey from 9 March to 9 April, 2020 in Ouaka prefecture. We aimed to include 64 clusters of 12 households for a required sample size of 3636 persons. We assigned clusters to communes proportional to population size and then used systematic random sampling to identify cluster starting points from a dataset of buildings in each commune. In addition to the mortality survey questions, we included an open question on challenges faced by the household. Results We completed 50 clusters with 591 participating households including 4000 household members on the interview day. The median household size was 7 (interquartile range (IQR): 4—9). The median age was 12 (IQR: 5—27). The birth rate was 59.0/1000 population (95% confidence interval (95%-CI): 51.7—67.4). The crude and under-five mortality rates (CMR & U5MR) were 1.33 (95%-CI: 1.09—1.61) and 1.87 (95%-CI: 1.37–2.54) deaths/10,000 persons/day, respectively. The most common specified causes of death were malaria/fever (16.0%; 95%-CI: 11.0–22.7), violence (13.2%; 95%-CI: 6.3–25.5), diarrhoea/vomiting (10.6%; 95%-CI: 6.2–17.5), and respiratory infections (8.4%; 95%-CI: 4.6–14.8). The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) was 2525/100,000 live births (95%-CI: 825—5794). Challenges reported by households included health problems and access to healthcare, high number of deaths, lack of potable water, insufficient means of subsistence, food insecurity and violence. Conclusions The CMR, U5MR and MMR exceed previous estimates, and the CMR exceeds the humanitarian emergency threshold. Violence is a major threat to life, and to physical and mental wellbeing. Other causes of death speak to poor living conditions and poor access to healthcare and preventive measures, corroborated by the challenges reported by households. Many areas of CAR face similar challenges to Ouaka. If these results were generalisable across CAR, the country would suffer one of the highest mortality rates in the world, a reminder that the longstanding “silent crisis” continues.

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Cancer Mortality Rates Increasing vs Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Decreasing in the World: Future Implications

Mayo Clinic Proceedings Innovations Quality & Outcomes ◽

10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2021.05.005 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Karim ReFaey ◽

Shashwat Tripathi ◽

Sanjeet S. Grewal ◽

Adip G. Bhargav ◽

David J. Quinones ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Mortality ◽

Disease Mortality ◽

The World

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COVID-19: Are Experimental Drugs Cure or Ill?

Current Drug Safety ◽

10.2174/1574886316666210727150127 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Bensu Karahalil ◽

Aylin Elkama

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Antiviral Treatment ◽

Herd Immunity ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Death Rates ◽

Experimental Drugs ◽

Combined Use ◽

The World

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new strain of coronavirus. It is characterized by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has quickly influenced all over the world since it spreads easily. Common symptoms are fever, cough, difficulty in breathing and muscle aches. Despite the urgent need to find an effective antiviral treatment, already available agents are being used alone or in combination all over the world. At the beginning of the pandemic, death rates of infection caused by COVID-19 are high but "is COVID-19 responsible for all deaths?", or “are there any contributions of the frequently used drugs in this period to these deaths?” Surely herd immunity plays a major role and has the contribution in the decline in mortality rates. Meanwhile, it is kept in mind that due to safety concerns, changes have also been made to the dosage and combined use of frequently used drugs. Objective: In this review, answers to two questions above and the safety of treatments, toxicities of agents involving chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, favipiravir, lopiravir/ritonavir, sarilumab, tocilizumab, siltuximab, corticosteroids and bromhexine which are the most frequently used in both Turkey and all over the world will be summarized. Conclusion: Among these drugs favipiravir seems the most promising drug due to more tolerable adverse effects. More clinical trials with large sample sizes are needed to find the most effective and safe drug for COVID-19 treatment.

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Rapid isolation and resolution immune evasion and viral fitness across contemporary SARS-CoV-2 variants

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1210846/v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Anupriya Aggarwal ◽

Alberto Stella ◽

Anouschka Akerman ◽

Gregory Walker ◽

Vanessa Milogiannakis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rates ◽

Viral Fitness ◽

Neutralising Antibodies ◽

Viral Isolation ◽

Rapid Isolation ◽

The World ◽

Developed World ◽

Late Stages ◽

Rapid Emergence ◽

Roll Out

Abstract From late 2020 the world observed the rapid emergence of many distinct SARS-CoV-2 variants. At the same time, pandemic responses coalesced into significant global vaccine roll-out that have now significantly lowered Covid-19 hospital and mortality rates in the developed world. Over this period, we developed a rapid platform (R-20) for viral isolation and characterisation using primary remnant diagnostic swabs. This combined with quarantine testing and genomics surveillance, enabled the rapid isolation and characterisation of all major SARS-CoV-2 variants (all variants of concern and 6 variants of interest) globally with a 4-month period. This platform facilitated viral variant isolation and enabled rapid resolution of variant phenotype by allowing determining end point viral titers from primary nasopharyngeal swabs and through ranking of evasion of neutralising antibodies. In late 2021, when the Delta variant was dominating, Omicron rapidly emerged. Using this platform, we isolated and tested the first cases of this variant within Australia. In this setting we observed Omicron to diverge from other variants at two levels: Firstly, it ranks at the mots evasive to neutralisation antibodies compared to all VOCs and major VUIs. Secondly, it no longer engages TMPRSS2 during the late stages of fusion.

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Colorectal cancer in the world: incidence, mortality and risk factors

Biomedical Research and Therapy ◽

10.15419/bmrat.v4i10.372 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (10) ◽

pp. 1656 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Hamidreza Sadeghi Gandomani ◽

Seyed Majid Yousefi ◽

Mohammad Aghajani ◽

Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani ◽

Abed Asgari Tarazoj ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Medical History ◽

Peer Review ◽

Search Strategy ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Screening Programs ◽

The World ◽

Peer Reviewers

A rapid literature search strategy was conducted for all English language literature published before July 2017. The search was conducted using the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. The search strategy included the keywords ‘colorectal cancer’, ‘epidemiology’, ‘incidence’, ‘mortality’, ‘risk factor’, and ‘world’. In 2012, the highest CRC incidence rates were observed in the Republic of Korea, Slovakia and Hungary while the lowest incidence rates were seen in Singapore, Serbia and Japan. The highest CRC mortality rates in both sexes were seen in Central and Eastern Europe and the lowest mortality rates were found in Middle Division of Africa. The main risk factors for CRC include nutritional factors, past medical history, smoking, socioeconomic status, and family medical history. According to the increasing trend of CRC incidence and mortality in the world, implementation of prevention programs such as screening programs, diet modification, and healthy lifestyle education is necessary. Peer Review Details Peer review method: Single-Blind (Peer-reviewers: 02) Peer-review policy Plagiarism software screening?: Yes Date of Original Submission: 26 August 2017 Date accepted: 20 Sept 2017 Peer reviewers approved by: Dr. Lili Hami Editor who approved publication: Dr. Phuc Van Pham

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Revitalizing ICDS

Early Childhood Development ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-7507-8.ch071 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1409-1427

Author(s):

Jeremiah Jacob

Keyword(s):

Child Development ◽

Young Children ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Government Program ◽

The World ◽

The Government ◽

Supervisory Staff ◽

Vital Parameters

ICDS-Integrated Child Development Services is India's only government program for combating the rampant malnutrition prevalent in young children. In this chapter, the authors aim to examine the need and scope of ICDS scheme, its services and countrywide reach; considering that every fifth child in the world lives in India, this scheme is critical to ensuring that today's children who are our citizens of tomorrow are well nurtured and nourished, thus securing the country's future. Also its efficacy in achieving stated objectives is assessed through analysis of vital parameters such as nutritional status, mortality rates etc. Further, the bottlenecks facing the scheme such as lack of adequate sanitation facilities and supervisory staff etc. are studied and the initiatives taken by the government to revitalize it are also examined. The transformation into Mission Mode has ushered in programmatic, institutional and management reforms and renewed thrust on creating awareness through an Information, Education and Communication (IEC) campaign.

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P205 THREE YEARS EXPERIENCE OF THE FIRST SPECIALIZED ESOPHAGEAL CENTER IN EGYPT

Diseases of the Esophagus ◽

10.1093/dote/doz092.205 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

R Ezz

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rates ◽

Esophageal Disease ◽

Esophageal Reflux ◽

Benign Diseases ◽

The World ◽

Group A ◽

Specialized Department ◽

Malignant Lesions ◽

Group B ◽

The Impact

Abstract Introduction Subspecialty policy is increasing all over the world aiming to improve the results of heavy esophageal surgeries. Aim To define the impact of having surgical specialized esophageal unit on the volume of patients and the results. Methodology We reviewed all esophageal cases managed in our esophageal specialized department (from May 2016 to May 2019 Group A) and we compared the results to previous 3 years (from May 2013 to May 2016 Group B) and to the international results. Results Esophageal surgeries performed during this period was 394 cases in group A compared to 104 cases in group B. One hundred eighty operations were performed for Gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD) in group a (45.7%) compared to 61 cases in group B (68.7%). Forty two (10.7%) modified Heller’s cardiomyotomy (Open and laparoscopic) for achalasia were performed in group A compared to 17 cases (16.3%) in group B. Surgeries for malignant lesions were performed for 122 cases (30.9%) in group A compared to 13 cases (12.5%) in group B. Other Esophageal operations were also done for 50 cases (12.7%) in group A compared to 13 cases (12.5%) in group B. Mortalities in group A was 5 cases in benign diseases (1.8%) and 13 cases for malignant cases (10.7%) compared to 7 cases in benign diseases (7.7%) and 5 cases for malignant conditions (23%) in group B. Morbidities in group A was 46 cases in benign diseases (16.9%) and 31cases for malignant cases (25.4%) Compared to 23 cases in the benign diseases (25.2%) and 5 cases for malignant conditions (38.5%) in group B. Our results in group A are comparable to Hospital mortality rates for patients in medium-volume centers (7.5%)(1).Also we approach the International results for morbidities of benign esophageal disease (5.7 to- 12.7%) for fundoplication (2). Conclusion Having a specialized esophageal unit resulted in increase of the volume of patients and improvement of the results.

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Corrigendum

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327111421863 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 30 (9) ◽

pp. 1429-1429

Keyword(s):

New Mexico ◽

Conflict Of Interest ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Santa Fe ◽

Computer Scientist ◽

World Association ◽

The World ◽

Information Center ◽

Vaccine Information ◽

Synergistic Toxicity

Corrigendum to 'Infant mortality rates regressed against number of vaccine doses routinely given: Is there a biochemical or synergistic toxicity?' By Neil Z Miller and Gary S Goldman, Human and Experimental Toxicology, published online before print May 4, 2011, doi: 10.1177/0960327111407644, and also in this issue, 30: 1420-1428. The following declarations should have been made upon publication of this paper. The Authors apologise for this error. Affiliations The Authors’ affiliations were published as: Neil Z Miller, Independent researcher, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA Gary S Goldman, Independent computer scientist, Pearblossom, California, USA However, for the purposes of this publication the correct affiliations are as follows: Neil Z Miller, Think Twice Global Vaccine Institute, USA Gary S Goldman, Computer scientist, Pearblossom, California, USA Declaration of Conflict of Interest No declaration of Conflict of Interest was made at the time of submission. The Authors would like to make the following declaration at this time: Neil Z Miller is associated with the ‘Think Twice Global Vaccine Institute’. Gary S Goldman has not been associated with the ‘World Association for Vaccine Education’ (WAVE) for more than four years but was, at the time of publication of the article, still listed as a Director for it on the WAVE website. Funding The National Vaccine Information Center (NVIC) donated $2,500 and Michael Belkin made a personal donation of $500 in memory of his daughter Lyla towards the SAGE Choice Open Access fee for this article.

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Skin cancer incidence rates in Krasnoyarsk Region

Bulletin of Siberian Medicine ◽

10.20538/1682-0363-2008-1-119-123 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 119-123

Author(s):

T. G. Ruksha ◽

A. Ye. Dettsel ◽

A. B. Salmina ◽

Ye. I. Taksanova ◽

K. A. Dettsel

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Krasnoyarsk Region ◽

Foreign Countries ◽

The World ◽

Cancer Morbidity ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Cancer Incidence Rates

Skin cancer is one of the most common malignancies and its increasing rates are found all over the world and in the Russian Federation in particular. The paper presents statistical analysis of the data on skin cancer morbidity and mortality rates in Krasnoyarsk Region summarized for the period since 1999 until 2005. Peculiarities of occurrence of this pathology among male and female persons are evaluated, tendencies of epidemiology of these tumors are analyzed, and comparative analysis of skin cancer morbidity in Krasnoyarsk Region with the Russian Federation as a whole and with foreign countries is carried out.

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GAMBARAN KEPATUHAN DIET PADA ANGGOTA PROLANIS SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS BOJONG 2

Jurnal Sehat Mandiri ◽

10.33761/jsm.v16i1.343 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 29-35

Author(s):

Moh. Khotibul Umam ◽

Windi Imaningtias ◽

Nurul Hidayati Listianingrum

Keyword(s):

Research Method ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Health Workers ◽

Monitoring Program ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

The Public ◽

Descriptive Research ◽

The World ◽

Diet Counseling ◽

The Right

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading causes of death and are responsible for the highest mortality rates in the world and in Indonesia. One of the programs for controlling NCDs especially hypertension and Diabetes at the Public Health Center (PHC) is Prolanis. One of the Prolanis programs is the monitoring of dietary adherence among Prolanis members. A descriptive research design was used as research method. The samples of this study were 34 Prolanis members in Sumurjomblang Bogo Village, the working area of Puskesmas Bojong 2. The results showed that the majority of Prolanis members in Sumurjomblang Bogo did not compliant the right schedule of diet (80%), the right type of diet (60%), and the right number of diet (60 %) for diabetes mellitus and hypertension. This may be due to lack of monitoring from health workers. Therefore, the results of this study are expected for an online diet counseling and monitoring program involving families of prolanis members during covid-19 pandemic.

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